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Background & Aim: Implementation of the motivational program by nurse managers can improve nurses&apos performance and behaviour, provide better care for patients, and promote patients&apos satisfaction. This study aimed to determine the effect of implementation of the motivational program designed using "Expectancy Theory" by head nurses on patients&apos satisfaction.

Methods & Materials: This was a quasi-experimental study conducted in medical and surgical units of two hospitals in Zanajn in 2011. Data were gathered using a patient satisfaction questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed (α=0.72). Fourty participants were selected and allocated in two study groups. The groups were matched for some variables before the intervention. The motivational program was implemented in the intervention group for five months. The program had two designing and implementation phases including: 1) determining nurse managers&apos expectancies from nurses, assessing nurses&apos attitudes about valuable rewards, founding reward management committee and management improvement committee, and providing evaluation checklists for nurses&apos performance 2) implementing standards of nursing care and patient education by nurses, monthly evaluation of nurses by head nurses and collaborative members of the reward management committee, determining level of rewards based on the results of nurses&apos performance evaluation, and giving reward to nurses at the end of each month in a reward ceremony. Data were analyzed using the Paired t-test, Independent t-test, Mann-Whitney, and Chi-squared in the SPSS v.16.

Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups at baseline dealing with the demographic variables. The results showed that patients satisfaction was significantly higher in the intervention group after the intervention (P<0.05).

Conclusion: This motivational program designed based on the "expectancy theory" has clear steps to be implemented among nurses and can be used as a practical guide by nurse managers to improve patients&apos satisfaction.

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  Background & Aim: Cervical cancer is the fourth common cancer worldwide. Pap smear is a usual t est to screen cervical cancer. The aim of the present study was to determine factors associated with Pap smear screening among married women aged 15-49 years in Lamerd health centers based on the Protection Motivation Theory .

  Methods & Materials: In this cross-sectional study, 220 married women aged 15-49 years were selected. Data were gathered using a questionnaire designed based on the Protection Motivation Theory. The questionnaires were completed via individual interviews with the participants. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire were approved. Data were analysed using the Kruskal-Wallis, U-Man Whitney test and c ² in the SPSS-16.

  Results: Most of the participants ( 40%) had a high school diploma and 70% of them were housewives. Most of the participants (65.6%) had used the test once at least. There were statistically significant relationships between the use of Pap smear with the protection motivation against cervical cancer (P<0.001 ), perceived self-efficacy ( P =0.002 ), perceived response efficacy ( P =0.007 ) and perceived costs ( P <0.001 ) .

  Conclusion: Regarding the statistically significant relationships between the constructs of the Protection Motivation Theory and the use of Pap smear screening test among women , it is recommended to design educational programs based on the Protection Motivation Theory to encourage married women for using Pap smear screening test.

  

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Background & Aim: Prostate cancer is one of the most common causes of death from cancers in men. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of an educational intervention based on protection motivation theory (PMT) on prostate cancer prevention behaviors in men 50 to 75 years old.
Methods & Materials: This study is a randomized controlled trial with control group conducted on 100 men referred to the retirement centers in Hamadan in 2017. Participants were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly divided into two experimental (n=50) and control groups (n=50). A self-administered questionnaire including demographic information and PMT constructs was completed by the participants. Educational intervention was administered over four sessions in the experimental group. The questionnaires were completed by the two groups two months after the intervention. Data were analyzed by the SPSS software version 16 using independent t-test, Chi-square and the analysis of covariance.
Results: Before the intervention, the two groups were homogeneous in terms of demographic characteristics and the PMT constructs (perceived rewards, perceived response cost, fear, perceived self-efficacy), and cancer screening behavior. The intervention could improve all the PMT constructs in the experimental group compared to the control group. Also, Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) screening behavior was 38(76) in the experimental group and 16(32) in the control group (P<0.001).
Conclusion: The results of the study showed that protection motivation theory can be used as a framework for designing educational programs to perform prostate cancer screening.
 

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Background & Aim: Considering the importance of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance to end the corona disease pandemic, the study was conducted to determine the factors affecting the vaccine acceptance based on the behavioral change wheel mode and its components (capability, opportunity, and motivation).
Methods & Materials: In this cross-sectional study, 1102 adults aged 18 years and older living in Bushehr province were selected by multi-stage sampling method from February 16 to 28, 2021. To collect the data, a questionnaire including demographic characteristics, questions on the constructs related to the behavioral change wheel model components and questions on the COVID-19 vaccine acceptance was completed on WhatsApp platform. Data was analyzed using the SPSS software version 22.
Results: The results of the study showed that most participants tended to receive the Iranian vaccine (726 people or 65.9%). Among the demographic factors, only gender was associated with vaccination, and men were more likely to accept to be vaccinated (P=0.022). Among the model constructs, the most predictive construct was related to social support in the opportunity component (P<0.001, β=0.55 and B=0.183). In the motivation component, social role (P<0.001 and β=0.118 and B=0.162) and in the capability component, behavioral regulation (P<0.001 and β=0.152 and B=0.155) had the highest predictor of vaccine acceptance. In general, constructs of opportunity component had the greatest impact on vaccine acceptance.
Conclusion: In order to increase the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination, opportunities should be provided through social support, vaccination should be introduced as a social role, and behavioral regulation, in other words, understanding of the ability to vaccinate to prevent the disease and break the disease transmission chain should be promoted.
 

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Background & Aim: Fear of childbirth is one of the reasons for choosing cesarean section. Given the consequences of repeated cesarean section, interventions that control the fear of childbirth are important in mother's decision for the mode of birth. The aim of the study is to assess the effect of individual counseling based on the Fogg model on the motivation and the fear of natural childbirth in women with previous cesarean section.
Methods & Materials: In this clinical trial, 62 pregnant women with a previous cesarean section, referred to Mashhad Comprehensive Health Centers in 2020, were randomly assigned into intervention or control groups. In the intervention group, individual counseling based on the Fogg model was provided in two face-to-face 45-60 minute sessions biweekly and one non-face-to-face session on the Telegram channel at 28-30 weeks of pregnancy. Data was collected by a demographic form, the motivation questionnaire, and the Wijma expectation/ experience questionnaire at the beginning and two weeks after the intervention. Data analysis was performed using statistical tests by the SPSS software version 25 at a significance level of 0.05.
Results: The mean difference of the fear of childbirth score before and after the intervention was 15.84±20.07 for the intervention group and 6.06±23.28 for the control group. Counseling with the fog approach has significantly changed the fear of childbirth score in the intervention group compared to the control group (P<0.001), but the changes in motivation were not statistically significant.
Conclusion: Counseling with the Fogg approach reduced the fear of childbirth score. It is recommended to use this counseling method to reduce the fear of childbirth, and to use strategies to increase the motivation for natural childbirth after cesarean section.
Clinical trial registry: IRCT20200105046014N1