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Background & Aim: Violence during pregnancy affects both mother and fetus. This study was performed to investigate the relationship between physical, sexual and psychological violence during pregnancy and low birth weight in the world as a meta-analysis.

Methods & Materials: This study is a meta-analysis that was performed on articles published in Persian and English languages from the beginning of 1995 to the end of 2015. Articles were extracted by searching in the databases of Scopus, Medline, EMBASE, Pubmed, Web of Science, Google scholar, Science Direct, Irandoc, Magiran, Medlib, and SID using key words of violence during pregnancy, low birth weight, physical, sexual and psychological violence and their compounds. The results of studies were combined using a random effects model in the meta-analysis. The heterogeneity of studies was evaluated using the I² index and meta-regression, and the data analysis was performed using STATA software v.11.2 and SPSS software v.16.

Results: Of 254 found articles, 16 relevant articles with the sample number of 117287 people were included in the study. The results of meta-analysis showed that physical OR:1.61 (CI95%:2.04–2.28), psychological OR:1.26 (CI95%:1.02–1.56) and sexual violence OR:1.26 (CI95%:1.02–1.56) during pregnancy, lead to an increase in the rate of low birth weight infants in the exposed mothers.

Conclusion: Physical, psychological and sexual violence during pregnancy lead to an increase in the rate of low birth weight infants in the exposed mothers. Therefore, maternal screening and counseling by trained general practitioners and professionals before and during pregnancy are recommended.

Background & Aim: Birth weight is one of the most important indicators for evaluating the community health status.Violence during pregnancy affects both mother and fetus and leads to irreversible consequences. This study was performed to investigate the relationship between physical, sexual and psychological violence during pregnancy and low birth weight in the world as a meta-analysis.

Methods & Materials: This study is a meta-analysis that was performed on articles published in Persian and English languages from the beginning of 1995 to the end of 2015. Articles were extracted by searching in the databases of Scopus, Medline, EMBASE, Pubmed, Web of Science, Google scholar, Science Direct, Irandoc, Magiran, Medlib, and SID using key words of violence during pregnancy, low birth weight, physical, sexual and psychological violence and their compounds. The results of studies were combined using a random effects model in the meta-analysis. The heterogeneity of studies was evaluated using the I² index and meta-regression, and the data analysis was performed using STATA software v.11.2 and SPSS software v.16.

Results: Of 254 found articles, 16 relevant articles with the sample number of 117287 people were included in the study. The results of meta-analysis showed that physical OR:1.61 (CI95%:2.04–2.28), psychological OR:1.26 (CI95%:1.02–1.56) and sexual violence OR:1.26 (CI95%:1.02–1.56) during pregnancy, lead to an increase in the rate of low birth weight infants in the exposed mothers.

Conclusion: Based on the results, physical, psychological and sexual violence during pregnancy lead to an increase in the rate of low birth weight infants in the exposed mothers. Therefore, the relevant authorities are recommended to identify at-risk mothers and control their exposure toviolenceby implementing educational and interventional programs, maternal screening and counseling by trained general practitioners and professionals before and during pregnancy.

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Background & Aim: The success of the surgical safety checklist in reducing surgical mortality and morbidity largely depends on the degree of compliance with the checklist and correct implementation of its components by the staff. The aim of this review is to determine the challenges of effective implementation of the surgical safety checklist and to provide solutions for its more effective implementation.
Methods & Materials: In the present systematic review, all the relevant qualitative papers published from 2010 to October 2018, were examined. A  literature search was done in databases SID, Iran Medex, Iran doc, Magiran, Science Direct, Medline/PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, Google Scholar, Cochran Library with keywords patient safety, surgical procedures, operative, checklist, World Health Organization, implementation science, qualitative research and their equivalent terms in Persian. Inclusion criteria were articles written in English or Persian, qualitative studies and relevant to the objectives of the study. Exclusion criteria were review articles, posters, presentations, letters to editor and quantitative studies.
Results: The findings of the review of 14 qualitative studies showed that the most important challenges in effective implementation of the surgical safety checklist were unpredictable priorities, lack of collaboration and coordination of the surgical team members, mismatch between the checklist and hospital setting, lack of patient’s cooperation and lack of a planned approach towards implementing the checklist. The strategies to improve the implementation of the surgical safety checklist included checklist localization, improving the collaboration and coordination of all the team members, training and practicing, patient participation, and active organizational leadership.
Conclusion: The introduction of the surgical safety checklist to the health care setting is a permanent challenge and requires ongoing evaluations and its integration into the workflow in the hospital, active and effective leadership, explanation of why and how to use it by managers and receiving support from the organization. Continuous education, performance evaluation and the participation of all the surgical team members in the implementation of the checklist are key factors for effective implementation of the surgical safety checklist.