Volume 3, Issue 2 (16 2004)
ijdld 2004, 3(2): 113-126 |
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Esmaillzadeh A, Mirmiran P, Mirhosseini M, Azizi F. ارتباط مصرف غلات کامل با سندرم متابولیک و عوامل خطرزای قلبی عروقی در جامعه شهری تهران. ijdld 2004; 3 (2) :113-126
URL: http://ijdld.tums.ac.ir/article-1-436-en.html
URL: http://ijdld.tums.ac.ir/article-1-436-en.html
Abstract: (10547 Views)
Background: Although dietary guidelines recommend increased intake of grain products to prevent chronic diseases, epidemiologic data regarding whole-grain intake associated with metabolic syndrome is sparse. This study was undertaken to evaluate the relationship between whole-grain intake, metabolic syndrome and metabolic risk factors in Tehran adults population.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 827 subjects aged 18-74 were randomly selected from participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Usual dietary intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and two 24-hour dietary recalls. BMI, FBS, blood pressure, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, high LDL, low LDL, metabolic syndrome (according to ATP III guidelines) and hypertension (based on JNC VI) were assessed subjects were categorized on quartile cut-points of whole and refined grain intake.
Results: Mean (±SD) consumptions of whole- and refined grains were 93±29 and 201±57 g/d, respectively. Compared with subjects in the lower quartile category, those in the upper category of whole-grain intake had lower prevalence of metabolic risks. Conversely, those in the higher category of refined grain intake had higher prevalence of metabolic risk factors, except for diabetes. After controlling for confounders, a significant decreasing trend was observed for the risk of having hypertriglyceridemia [odds ratios among quartiles: 1.00,0.89, 0.74, 0.61, respectively], hypertension and metabolic syndrome. Higher consumption of refined grains were associated with higher risk of having hypercholestrolemia [1.00, 1.07, 1.19, 1.23), hypertriglyceridemia [1.00, 1.17, 1.49, 2.01), hypertension and metabolic syndrome.
Conclusion: Whole grain intake is inversely and refined grain intake is positively associated with the risk of developing metabolic syndrome. Recommendations to increase whole-grain intake may reduce the risk of developing metabolic syndrome.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 827 subjects aged 18-74 were randomly selected from participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Usual dietary intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and two 24-hour dietary recalls. BMI, FBS, blood pressure, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, high LDL, low LDL, metabolic syndrome (according to ATP III guidelines) and hypertension (based on JNC VI) were assessed subjects were categorized on quartile cut-points of whole and refined grain intake.
Results: Mean (±SD) consumptions of whole- and refined grains were 93±29 and 201±57 g/d, respectively. Compared with subjects in the lower quartile category, those in the upper category of whole-grain intake had lower prevalence of metabolic risks. Conversely, those in the higher category of refined grain intake had higher prevalence of metabolic risk factors, except for diabetes. After controlling for confounders, a significant decreasing trend was observed for the risk of having hypertriglyceridemia [odds ratios among quartiles: 1.00,0.89, 0.74, 0.61, respectively], hypertension and metabolic syndrome. Higher consumption of refined grains were associated with higher risk of having hypercholestrolemia [1.00, 1.07, 1.19, 1.23), hypertriglyceridemia [1.00, 1.17, 1.49, 2.01), hypertension and metabolic syndrome.
Conclusion: Whole grain intake is inversely and refined grain intake is positively associated with the risk of developing metabolic syndrome. Recommendations to increase whole-grain intake may reduce the risk of developing metabolic syndrome.
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