Iranian Journal of

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Background: Diabetes is a chronic and progressive metabolic disorder that leads to more severe cardiac complications. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of Berberine chloride at a dose of 50 mg / kg on the heart tissue of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats with aerobic training.
Methods: 56 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven groups (n = 8): control (C), sham (S), Aerobic training control (TC), diabetes mellitus (DM), diabetes-berberine (BDM), diabetes mellitus. Aerobic training (TDM), and aerobic training-berberine (TBDM) were divided. Diabetes was induced by injection of streptozotocin in male rats. The training groups performed aerobic exercise program (10-18 m / min, 10-40 min five days a week) for six weeks on the treadmill for histological evaluation using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Masson trichrome and staining Immunohistochemicals were used to measure diameter change, cardiomyocyte rupture, change in nuclei, and collagen deposition in cardiac muscle fibers using one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests with SPSS 21 software.
Results: The results showed that DM group did not induce cardiomyocyte fibers rupture and collagen deposition and reduction of filament diameter in group C, S and TC and its damage in heart tissue was less in TBDM group than in BDM and TDM groups.
Conclusion: The results showed that berberine supplementation reduced these effects and synergized with aerobic training and reduced the cardiac cardiomyocyte muscle fibers diameter and decreased collagen deposition and better order of nuclei.

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Background: Although some studies have studied the mechanism of action of beta cells in animal models and more or less in human populations, but so far the role of exercise therapy or exercise exercise HIIT with black grape supplementation on the expression of genes involved in pancreatic beta cells This study investigates the effect of black grape supplementation combined with intense intermittent exercise on Bcl-2 and Bax genes in pancreatic tissue of rats with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: The study was conducted in the form of an experimental design. The subjects of this project were 40 8-month-old male rats with an average weight of 250 grams. After familiarizing the subjects with exercise and induction of diabetes by STZ, the subjects were randomly divided into 5 groups including exercise, supplement, exercise and supplement, diabetic control and basic control. After 8 weeks of training, which was 5 sessions per week for 8 weeks, the activity was on a treadmill with an intensity of 90% Vo2max and supplementation with black grape seed extract. Bcl-2 and Bax genes were measured after RNA extraction from pancreas and cDNA synthesis. Bcl-2 and Bax genes were measured by Time-Real PCR. Data were analyzed using independent t-test and two-factor analysis of variance at the significance level of 0.05 by SPSS software version 24.
Results: The results showed that the main effect of exercise had no significant effect on Bcl-2 gene expression. The main effect of the extract on the expression of this gene was significant. Also, the interaction between exercise and Bcl-2 supplementation was not significant. Regarding Bax gene expression, it was shown that the main effect of exercise on the gene was significant. The main effect of extract and interaction of exercise and supplementation on Bax gene expression was not significant. No significant changes were observed in the effect of exercise and extract on the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax genes.
Conclusion: It seems that regulating the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax genes through exercise and consumption of black grape seed extract is likely to improve and maintain pancreatic beta cell function in diabetic rats.

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Background: Evidence has suggested that high-fat diet (HFD) promote hyperinsulinemia and pancreatic islet dysfunction with insulin resistance in adipose tissue. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of aerobic exercise and capsaicin on the gene expression of pancreaticPdx1 and GLUT2 in Rats HFD.
Methods: this experimental study, 40 male Wistar rats were fed a normal diet (ND, n = 8) or high-fat diet (HFD) (n = 32) for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, all rats were divided into 5 groups: normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HFD), high-fat diet-training (HFDT), high-fat diet-capsaicin (HFDCap), high-fat diet-training-capsaicin (HFDTCap). Training groups have performed a moderate intensity aerobic running program (60-50% VO2max, at 15-25 m/min, 30-60 min/day, and 5 days/week) on a motor-driven treadmill for eight weeks. Capsaicin (4 mg/kg/day) were administered orally, by gavage, once a day. Data were analyzed using ANOVA at p<0.05.
Results: the results showed significant increase in expression of Pdx1 and GLUT2 in HFDT (p = 0.002 and p = 0.003, respectively), HFDCap (p = 0.022 and p = 0.026, respectively) and HFDTCap (p = 0.000 and p = 0.000, respectively) groups.
Conclusion: also, a significant increase in the expression of Pdx1 and GLUT2 was observed in the HFDTCap compared to the HFDCap (respectively P=0.037, and p=0.044).
The results showed that HFD impaired pancreatic beta cell function and that aerobic exercise alone and with capsaicin could significantly increase islet cell function by increasing Pdx1 and GLUT2 expression.

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Background: Diabetes can increase cardiovascular disease by altering the equilibrium between angiogenic stimulants and inhibitors of angiogenesis. In this study, we investigated the effect of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on angiostatin and focal adhesion kinase (FAK-1) in left ventricle cardiomyocytes in diabetic rats.
Methods: In this experimental study, 24 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three equal groups (n=8): Control-Normal (C), Diabetes (D), and Diabetes-training (D+T). Diabetes was induced by the injection of streptozotocin in male rats. The Training group has performed a HIIT program on a motor-driven treadmill for eight weeks. At the end of eight weeks-- heart tissue samples were collected. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey post hoc at P<0.05.
Results: The results showed that induction of diabetes increased the expression of angiostatin (P=0.006), and serum glucose (P=0.001) and decreased FAK-1 (P=0.001). HIIT significantly reduced the level of angiostatin (P=0.006) and glucose (P=0.001) in diabetic rats. There was also a significant increase in FAK-1 in the D+T group (P=0.001).
Conclusion: HIIT decreased the protein expression of angiostatin and glucose and increased FAK-1 in cardiomyocytes. HIIT seems to reduce the vascular complications of diabetes in rats by altering these parameters that affect angiogenesis and blood glucose.

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Background: Inflammation plays a critical role in the promotion of hepatocyte damage and liver fibrosis. In recent years the protective role of exercise and royal jelly (RJ), has been suggested for metabolic and inflammatory disorders. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of aerobic training (AT) and RJ on pro-inflammatory markers in a rat's model of a high-fat diet (HFD).
Methods: In this experimental study, 45 male rats were randomly divided into five groups (Each group: n=9): Normal Diet (ND), High-Fat Diet (HFD), High-Fat Diet +Training (HFDT), High-Fat Diet + Royal Jelly (HFDRJ), and High-Fat Diet +Training + Royal Jelly (HFDTRJ). The supplement groups received 100 mg of royal jelly (kg/body weight) diluted in distilled water orally during the intervention period. The aerobic exercise program included treadmill running with an intensity of 50-60% oxygen consumption (VO2max), 5 days/week for 8 weeks.
Results: HFD increased hepatic NF-κB (p=0.006), TNF-α (p=0.0001) and IL-1β (p=0.0001). AT, RJ as well as the combination of AT with RJ decreased NF-κB, TNF-α and IL-1β (p≤0.05). Decrease in NF-κB, TNF-α and IL-1β were significant in HFDTRJ group compared to HFDT and HFDRJ groups (p≤0.05).
Conclusion: The combination of AT and RJ may decrease inflammatory markers and improve HFD-induced hepatic steatosis by reducing the expression of NF-κB, TNF-α, and IL-1β.

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Background: mTOR and CREB proteins are two important factors in cellular pathways and regulating fat tissue metabolism. Therefore, the aim of this research is the effect of endurance training on the amount of mTOR and CREB proteins in the adipose tissue of type 2 diabetic rats.
Methods: In this experimental study, 18 rats 2-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats with a mean weight of 270±20g were selected. 12 rats became type 2 diabetic by intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin solutions. These rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: diabetic training and diabetic control (6 heads per group); A healthy control group (6 heads) was also considered. The training group practiced endurance training 4 days a week for 6 weeks. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 23 and one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests.
Results: mTOR protein content showed a significant change after 6 weeks of endurance training (P=0.0001); Tukey's post hoc test showed that this change was significant between the pairs of diabetic training groups to healthy controls (P=0.004) and diabetic control groups to healthy controls (P=0.0001). CREB protein content showed a significant change (P=0.0001); this change was significant between the pairs of diabetic training to diabetic control groups (P=0.02), diabetic training to healthy control (P=0.0001), and diabetic control to healthy control groups (P=0.0001).
Conclusion: mTOR and CREB proteins decreased after Endurance Training, which can be effective in regulating adipose tissue metabolism; however, more training conditions should be considered.