Iranian Journal of

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Background: Obesity increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes with regard to the hormones involved. The purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise on Dpp-4 and GLP-1 in obese women with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: From among obese women with type-2 diabetes mellitus 35-50 years old referred to the Diabetes Association of Saveh, 20 people were voluntarily selected and randomly assigned to two groups of control (10) and Experiment group (10) were divided. Twenty four hours before the beginning of the training, the individual characteristics of the subjects included age, height, weight, body mass index and research variables (insulin resistance, Dpp-4 and GLP-1) in the pre-test and the training group Aerobic exercise lasted for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week, and 45-60 minutes each session, and the control group did not practice. After 8 weeks and 24 hours after the last training session, the individual characteristics and variables of the research were again measured. Data were analyzed by independent t-test and dependent t-test at p≤0.05.
Results: There was a significant increase in the level of GLP-1 (P= 0.001) and a significant decrease in DPP-4 level (P= 0.001) in the aerobic exercise group compared to the control group.
Conclusion: Results showed that Dpp-4 and GLP-1 values were significantly different in aerobic training group after 8 weeks compared to control group. It was also found that aerobic training significantly increased the level of GLP-1 and decreased the level of DPP-4.

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Background: Type 2 diabetes is the most common endocrine disease that can cause tissue damage and apoptosis. The purpose of the present study was to study the changes in the expression of related liver apoptosis genes after High Intensity Training (HIT) and royal jelly in type 2 diabetic rats.
Methods: The statistical sample of the study was 36 male rats that became diabetic after 20 weeks of high-fat diet and injection of 25 ml/kg of STZ. Fasting glucose between 150 and 400 mg/dl was considered as the criteria for type 2 diabetes. Diabetic rats were placed in 4 groups: control, HIIT, Jelly, and HIIT-Jelly. The HIITprotocol was performed 8 weeks, 5 sessions / week with intense 2-minute intervals with 2-8 intervals and 80-90% vo2max and one-minute rest intervals with 50-56% vo2max and Royal Jelly gavage at 100 mg/kg for 5 days / week. Data analysis was done using one-way and two-factor analysis of variance and post hoc test.
Results: The results showed that compared to the control group, HIIT led to a significant decrease in glucose and insulin resistance index. Also, HIIT and royal jelly consumption led to a decrease in Bax gene expression and an increase in Bcl2 gen expression and a decrease in the Bax/Bcl2 ratio in liver cells compared to the control group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: HIIT with royal jelly in diabetic rats led to the reduction and improvement of glycemic index and insulin resistance and appropriate changes in the expression of liver apoptotic genes.

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Background: The aim of the present study was to study the changes in the expression of Cox-1 and Cox-2 genes in liver tissue and tumor volume after aerobic exercise and consumption of pineapple extract in mice with skin cancer.
Methods: This fundamental-laboratory study was conducted on 32 male C57BL/6 mice in four groups including control, aerobic exercise, pineapple extract and aerobic-pineapple exercise. After tumor induction, the animals underwent aerobic training program for six weeks and pineapple extract was gavage at 300mg/kg. The weight and tumor volume of mice were measured. After obtaining blood and tissue samples, expression of Cox-1 and Cox-2 genes in liver tissue was done by RT-PCR method. Then the data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, two-factor analysis of variance and post hoc test, and the significance level of p≤0.05 was considered.
Results: Compared to the control group, aerobic exercise and pineapple-exercise showed a significant decrease in tumor volume and a decrease in the expression of Cox-1 (0.59±0.97) and Cox-2 (0.5±0.4) gene expression in the aerobic-Pineapple compared to the control group (1±0) (p≤0.05). Cox1 gene expression increased significantly in the Aerobic exercise group, but a significant decrease was observed in the pineapple-Aerobic group. Also, Cox2 gene expression in the liver tissue in the exercise group Aerobic and interactive Aerobic-pineapple group had a significant decrease compared to the control, but in the pineapple group compared to the control, the difference in the expression of this gene was not significant.
Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the expression of Cox 1 gene was significantly increased in the aerobic training group and significantly decreased in the pineapple-training group. Cox-2 gene expression in the liver tissue in the aerobic training group and the pineapple-training interactive group had a significant decrease compared to the control, because the Cox-2 enzyme is related to inflammation and pain, angiogenesis, cancer and Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, it can be concluded that its inhibition or reduction can be considered as a promising and effective strategy for the treatment and prevention of cancer.

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Background: Oxidative stress and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes are one of the factors in the development of cognitive disorders and Alzheimer's. So measuring the changes in beta amyloid gene expression and insulin resistance as one of the prominent disorders in type 2 diabetes, following HIIT and thyme’s honey consumption is the aim of the research.
Methods: The present study was conducted with 36 young male Wistar rats, which were divided into 4 groups: control (C), interval training (T), thyme’s honey (H) and interval training-thyme’s honey (TH) was performed. The rats in the T and TH groups were trained for two months with intervals and intensity gradually increasing, and in the H and TH groups, they received 3 g/kg of thyme’s honey. Weight, fasting glucose and insulin were measured through the kit and insulin resistance index was done through the formula and gene expression were evaluated by RT-PCR. The findings were subjected to one-way and two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni's test.
Results: Non-significant (NS) increase in weight, significant increase in insulin and significant decrease in gene expression in all intervention groups compared to C, significant decrease in fasting glucose in T and TH groups compared to C, significant decrease in insulin resistance in T group compared to other groups, NS increase was observed in group H and TH compared to C.
Conclusion: HIIT and thyme’s honey had synergistic effect to reduce glucose and beta-amyloid gene expression as a preventive strategy for the occurrence of pathological features related to Alzheimer's and memory impairment in diabetics.

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Background: The Purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of High Intensity Interval Training & Royal Jelly on expression of the genes of the hepatic miR-423-5P - FAM3A-AKt2 pathway in rats.
Methods: The statistical population was 36 male Wistar rats and reaching a weight of 193 ± 20 grams, they were subjected to a high-fat diet diet and intraperitoneal injection of 25 mg STZ. Blood sugar above 150 to 400 mg/dl was considered as a criterion to ensure that the mice had type 2 diabetes. Then divided into 4 groups (diabetic control group, intermittent exercise, Royal Jelly and exercise-Royal Jelly group). The experimental group of did HIIT with a 20 to 36 m/min. for 8 weeks. Royal jelly experimental groups consumed 100 mg/kg royal Jelly. 48 hours after the last training session, the mice were anesthetized with ether and blood was taken from the heart and tissue was removed, including liver tissue, and the tissue sample was transferred to a freezer temperature of -80. Serum glucose measurements were performed by an Auto analyzer. Insulin was measured by an ELISA kit, and the insulin resistance index was measured by formulas. The expression level of miRNA-423-5P, FAM3A and AKt genes in liver tissue was measured using Real Time-PCR method .the data, analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni’s post hoc and univariate and effect size. The significance level was considered to be p≥ 0.05.
Results: The findings showed that the expression of the hepatic miR-423-5P gene in the experimental groups of intermittent exercise with royal jelly and the exercise group and the gel group significantly decreased compared to the control group, and the expression of the FAM3A gene increased in the experimental groups compared to the control group. Non-significant and the expression of AKt2 gene in the training group and the training group with gel increased significantly compared to the control group, and in the gel group only compared to the control group, there was a non-significant increase, Also, there was a significant decrease in glucose in the experimental groups of HIIT exercise and HIIT- Royal jelly compared to the diabetic control group (p <0.05).Expression of the miR-423-5P gene was significantly lower in all groups compared to control, expression of mRNA FAM3 had insignificant increase and expression of mRNA AKt2 had a significant increase in groups of regular exercise and exercise with nutritional intervention. This gene had an insignificant increase of expression in the group with only nutritional intervention.
Conclusion: It seems that HIIT and royal jelly consumption, both alone and in combination, although with greater effect, can create favorable changes in the expression of Mir 4235p. FAM3A and AKt2 help to improve the condition of the liver.

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Background: Type 2 diabetes is the most common endocrine disease that occurs due to glucose intolerance due to imbalance between insulin demand and reserves. Glucose transport to the muscle fiber is carried out by glucose transporter proteins (GLUTs). GLUT4 is the most important glucose transporter isoform in skeletal muscles. Insulin and exercise stimulate the fast and intense transfer of GLUT4 to the plasma membrane and cause the absorption of glucose in muscle and fat tissue. The aim of the present study was to study the changes in GLUT4 gene expression in soleus muscle tissue and insulin resistance index after HIIT and royal jelly in type 2 diabetic obese rats.
Methods: The statistical subject consisted of wistar rats became diabetic after a 20 weeks high-fat diet by intraperitoneal injection of 25 mg/kg STZ. Rats with fasting glucose between 150 and 400 mg / dL were considered to have type 2 diabetes. HIIT protocol and gavage performed for eight weeks, five sessions per week with 2-minute alternation of 2 and 8 intervals with 80 to 90% vo2max and a one-minute rest cycle with 50 to 56% vo2max. Royal Jelly was given by gavage at a dose of 100 mg / kg 5 days a week.
Results: Data analysis using two-way analysis of variance test showed that in comparison with the control group, HIIT led to a significant reduction in glucose and insulin resistance index.so data shown that a significant increase in soleuse mascle GLUT4 gene expression compared to the control group and HIIT and royal jelly (P = 0.001).
Conclusion: HIIT and royal jelly were effective in reducing insulin resistance index and expression of genes effective in glucose consumption in soleus muscle. Also, HIIT and royal jelly led to an increase in GLUT4 gene expression in the soleus muscle compared to the control group, which is important in glucose consumption in diabetics.