Iranian Journal of

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Background: There are growing concern globally regarding fast food consumption and its related cardiometabolic outcomes. In this study we investigated whether fast food consumption could affect the occurrence of metabolic syndrome after 3-years of follow-up in adults or not. Methods: This longitudinal study was conducted in the framework of Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study on 1476 adults, aged 19-70 years old. The usual intakes of participants were measured using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire at baseline. Biochemical and anthropometric measurements were assessed at baseline (2006-2008) and 3 years later (2009-2011). Multiple logistic regression models were used to estimate the incidence of the MetS in each quartile of fast food consumption. Results: The mean age of participants was 37.8±12.3 years old, and the mean BMI was 26.0±4.5 kg/m2 at baseline. Participants in the highest quartile of fast food consumption were significantly younger (33.7 vs. 43.4 years, P <0.01). Higher consumption of fast food was accompanied with more increment in serum triglyceride levels after the 3-year follow-up (10.6±2.3 vs. 4.4±2.3 percent in the fourth and first quartile, respectively, P<0.01). After adjustment for all of the potential confounding variables, the risk of metabolic syndrome, in the highest quartile of fast foods compared with the lowest, was 1.85 (95% CI= 1.17-2.95). Conclusion: We demonstrated that higher consumption of fast foods had undesirable effects on metabolic syndrome after 3-years of follow-up in Iranian adults.

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Background: Existing studies show that a poor diet has an effect on the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of the present study was to systematically summarize the results of studies on the relationship between dietary intakes and NAFLD. Methods: A review of Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Magiran, Medlib and SID databases and theses in the National Library of the Islamic Republic of Iran was conducted to identify epidemiological studies concerning NAFLD, food groups and dietary patterns. Cross-sectional, case-control and cohort studies with documented in English were selected for this systematic review. Duplication, topic, type of study, study population, variables examined and quality of data reporting of articles were evaluated. Results: Of 2128 articles found in the initial search, 33 were reviewed in full-text of these 6 articles were included in the systematic review. The literature review showed patients with NAFLD consumed more red meat, fats and sweets and less whole grains, fruits and vegetables. The Western dietary pattern was positively associated with the risk of NAFLD and adherence to the Mediterranean diet was negatively correlated to hepatic steatosis. Conclusion: The results of the systematic review indicate that different dietary intakes may be associated with development of NAFLD and its related factors. Due to limited research documented on this topic, further prospective studies are recommended.