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Showing 6 results for Esmaillzadeh

Ahmad Esmaillzadeh, Parvin Mirmiran, Masoud Mirhosseini, Fereidoun Azizi,
Volume 3, Issue 2 (16 2004)
Abstract

Background: Although dietary guidelines recommend increased intake of grain products to prevent chronic diseases, epidemiologic data regarding whole-grain intake associated with metabolic syndrome is sparse. This study was undertaken to evaluate the relationship between whole-grain intake, metabolic syndrome and metabolic risk factors in Tehran adults population.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 827 subjects aged 18-74 were randomly selected from participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Usual dietary intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and two 24-hour dietary recalls. BMI, FBS, blood pressure, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, high LDL, low LDL, metabolic syndrome (according to ATP III guidelines) and hypertension (based on JNC VI) were assessed subjects were categorized on quartile cut-points of whole and refined grain intake.
Results: Mean (±SD) consumptions of whole- and refined grains were 93±29 and 201±57 g/d, respectively. Compared with subjects in the lower quartile category, those in the upper category of whole-grain intake had lower prevalence of metabolic risks. Conversely, those in the higher category of refined grain intake had higher prevalence of metabolic risk factors, except for diabetes. After controlling for confounders, a significant decreasing trend was observed for the risk of having hypertriglyceridemia [odds ratios among quartiles: 1.00,0.89, 0.74, 0.61, respectively], hypertension and metabolic syndrome. Higher consumption of refined grains were associated with higher risk of having hypercholestrolemia [1.00, 1.07, 1.19, 1.23), hypertriglyceridemia [1.00, 1.17, 1.49, 2.01), hypertension and metabolic syndrome.
Conclusion: Whole grain intake is inversely and refined grain intake is positively associated with the risk of developing metabolic syndrome. Recommendations to increase whole-grain intake may reduce the risk of developing metabolic syndrome.
Ahmad Esmaillzadeh, Leila Azadbakht,
Volume 6, Issue 3 (17 2007)
Abstract

Background: Limited data are available relating intake of fruits and vegetables to inflammatory markers and risk of metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between fruits and vegetables intake and C-reactive protein (CRP) and the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome.

Methods: Fruits and vegetables intake were assessed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire in a cross-sectional study of 486 Tehranian female teachers aged 40-60 y. Anthropometric measurements were done and blood pressure was assessed according to standard methods. Fasting blood samples were taken for biochemical measurements. The metabolic syndrome was defined according to Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines.

Results: The reported mean daily intake of fruits and vegetables were 228±79 and 186±88 g/d respectively. Both fruits and vegetables intake were inversely associated with plasma CRP concentrations. After statistically controlling for age, BMI and waist circumference, mean plasma concentrations of CRP across increasing quintile categories of fruits were 1.94, 1.79, 1.65, 1.61 and 1.56 mg/L respectively (P for trend <0.01) and of vegetables were 2.03, 1.82, 1.58, 1.52 and 1.47 mg/L respectively (P for trend<0.01). These inverse associations remained significant after additional control for other potential confounding variables and dietary factors. After controlling for potential confounders individuals in the highest quintile of fruits intake had 34% (95% CI: 20%-46%) lower and those in the highest quintile of vegetables intake had 30% (95% CI: 16%-39%) lower chance of having the metabolic syndrome compared to those in the lowest quintiles.

Conclusion: In this study higher intake of fruits and vegetables were associated with lower risk of metabolic syndrome part of this association may be mediated through CRP. These findings support current dietary recommendations to increase the intake of fruits and vegetables as a primary preventive measure against cardiovascular disease.


Ahmad Esmaillzadeh, Leila Azadbakht,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (17 2007)
Abstract

Background: Although hypertriglyceridemic waist (HW) phenotype has received much attention over recent years for its association with other metabolic abnormalities, it remains unknown whether its effects are mediated through changes in plasma concentrations of inflammatory markers. We aimed to evaluate the association between hypertriglyceridemic waist (HW) phenotype and markers of systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction among women.

Methods: Anthropometric and biochemical measurements were assessed in a cross-sectional study of 507 Iranian women aged 40-60 years. HW phenotype was defined as serum triacylglycerol concentration ≥150 mg/dl and concurrent waist circumference ≥89.

Results: The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemic waist (HW) phenotype was 32.2% (95% CI: 28.7, 35.7) among women. Individuals with HW phenotype had higher anthropometric measures, were older and less physically active. After control for potential confounding variables, women in different categories of WC had significantly different levels of CRP (WC main effect: P=0.001), TNF-α (P=0.01), IL-6 (P=0.001), E-selectin (P=0.007), sICAM-1 (P=0.01) and sVCAM-1 (P=0.02, 2-factor ANOVA for all). When the models were further adjusted for BMI, the difference in sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 ceased to be significant. Significant differences in CRP (TG main effect: P=0.01), TNF-α (P=0.008), SAA (P=0.03), IL-6 (P=0.01), E-selectin (P=0.02) and sICAM-1 (P=0.01, 2-factor ANOVA for all) were found between categories of TG concentration after control for confounders. Most of these differences remained significant even after additional adjustments for BMI, except for E-selectin. There was a significant interaction between WC and TG concentration with regard to CRP, IL-6, SAA, and E-selectin.

Conclusion: This study provides evidence showing a positive association between HW phenotype and markers of systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction.


Ghazale Valipur, Zatollah Asemi, Mansooreh Samimi, Zohreh Tabassi, Sima-Sadat Sabihi Sabihi, Parvane Saneei, Ahmad Esmaillzadeh,
Volume 13, Issue 4 (5-2014)
Abstract

Background: There are no available reports indicating the effects of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) eating plan on insulin resistance, inflammation and oxidative stress among pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) We aimed to investigate the effects of DASH diet on insulin resistance, serum hs-CRP and biomarkers of oxidative stress among pregnant women with GDM. Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial was performed among 32 pregnant women diagnosed with GDM at 24-28 weeks' gestation. Subjects were randomly assigned to consume either the control (n=16) or DASH diet (n=16) for 4 weeks. The DASH diet was rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy products and low in saturated fats, total fats, cholesterol, refined grains, and sweets, with a total of 2400 mg/d sodium. The control diet contained 40-55% of its energy as carbohydrates, 10-20% as proteins and 25-30% as total fats. Fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and after 4 weeks of intervention to measure fasting plasma glucose (FPG), serum insulin and hs-CRP, HOMA-IR, plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total glutathione levels (GSH). Results: Consumption of DASH diet, compared to the control diet, resulted in decreased FPG (-7.62 vs. 3.68 mg/dL P=0.02), serum insulin levels (-2.62 vs. 4.32 µIU/ml, P=0.03) and HOMA-IR score (-0.8 vs. 1.1 P=0.03). Increased concentrations of plasma TAC (45.2 vs. -159.2 mmol/L P<0.0001) and GSH (108.1 vs. -150.9 µmol/L P<0.0001) were also seen in the DASH group compared with control group. We failed to find a significant difference in mean changes of serum hs-CRP levels between the two diets. Within-group comparisons revealed a significant reduction in plasma TAC and GSH levels in the control diet, while a significant rise in these biomarkers in the DASH diet. Conclusion: In summary, consumption of DASH diet in pregnant women with GDM had beneficial effects on FPG, serum insulin levels, HOMA-IR score, plasma TAC and total GSH levels. The effects of this dietary pattern on pregnancy outcomes need to be investigated in future studies.
Mehdi Sadeghian, Zatollah Asemi, Maryam Karamali, Parvane Saneei, Esmaillzadeh Ahmad ,
Volume 15, Issue 1 (1-2016)
Abstract

Background: This study was designed to assess the effects of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on the metabolic status of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Methods: This randomized placebo-controlled trial was performed at maternity clinics affiliated to Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran. Participants were 56 women with GDM at 24–28 weeks gestation (18 to 40 years of age). Subjects were randomly assigned to receive calcium plus vitamin D supplements or placebo. All study participants were blinded to group assignment. Individuals in the calcium–vita- min D group (n = 28) received 1,000 mg calcium per day and a 50,000 U vitamin D3  pearl twice during the study (at study baseline and on day 21 of the intervention), and those in the placebo group (n = 28) received two placebos at the mentioned times. Fasting blood samples were taken at study baseline and after 6 weeks of intervention.

Results: The study was completed by 51 participants (calcium–vitamin D n = 25, placebo n =26). However, as the analysis was based on an intention-to-treat approach, all 56 women with GDM (28 in each group) were included in the final analysis. After the administration of calcium plus vitamin D supplements, we observed a significant reduction in fasting plasma glucose (p < 0.001), serum insulin levels (p = 0.02) and HOMA-IR (p = 0.001) and a significant increase in QUICKI (p = 0.003) compared with placebo. In addition, a significant reduction in serum LDL-cholesterol (P=0.02) and total cholesterol: HDL-cholesterol ratio (p = 0.003) and a significant elevation in HDL-cholesterol levels (p = 0.01) was seen after intervention in the calcium–vitamin D group compared with placebo. In addition, calcium plus vitamin D supplementation resulted in a significant increase in GSH (p =0.03) and prevented a rise in MDA levels (p = 0.03) compared with placebo.

Conclusion: Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation in women with GDM had beneficial effects on their metabolic profile.


Parisa Hajihashemi, Leila Azadbakht, Mahin Hashemipor, Roya Kelishadi, Ahmad Esmaillzadeh,
Volume 15, Issue 6 (7-2016)
Abstract

Background: Whole-grain foods have been reported to affect serum levels of inflammatory cytokines. However, we are aware of no study examining the effect of whole-grain intake on inflammatory biomarkers among children

Objective: The present study aimed to determine the effect of whole grain intake on serum levels of inflammatory biomarkers in overweight or obese children.  

Methods: In this randomized cross-over clinical trial, 44 overweight or obese (BMI>85th percentile for age and sex) girls aged 8-15 y participated. After a 2-wk run-in period, subjects were randomly assigned to either intervention or non-intervention groups. Subjects in the intervention group were given a list of whole grain foods and were asked to obtain 50% of their grain servings from whole grain foods each day for 6 weeks. Individuals in the non-intervention group were also given a list of whole-grain foods and were asked not to consume any of these foods during the intervention phase of the study. A 4-wk washout period was applied following which subjects were crossed over to the alternate arm for an additional 6 wk. Fasting blood samples were taken before and after each phase of study to quantify markers of systemic inflammation.

Results: Mean (±SD) age of study participants was 11.2±1.49 years. Mean weight and BMI of subjects was 51.2±10.2 kg and 23.5±2.5 kg/m2, respectively. No significant effect of whole-grain intake on weight and body mass index (BMI) was seen compared with the non-intervention group. We found a significant effect of whole grain intake on serum levels of hs-CRP (changes from baseline in intervention group: -0.55 vs. 0.20 mg/L in non-intervention group, P=0.03), soluble inter-cellular adhesion molecule-1 (-121 vs. 23 μg/L, P=0.02), serum amyloid A (-0.59 vs. 0.32 mg/L, P=0.02) and leptin (-11.5 vs. 36.8 ng/L, P=0.02) after 6 weeks. A trend toward the significant effect of whole grain intake on serum levels of sVCAM-1 (-166 vs. -32 μg/L, P=0.07) was also observed.

Conclusion: This study provides evidence supporting the beneficial effects of whole-grain foods on biomarkers of systemic inflammation in obese children.



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