Iranian Journal of

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Objective: To evaluate the effect of hyperglycemia on the antinociceptive activity of baclofen, a GABAB agonist, in mice.
Methods: We examined the antinociceptive effect of baclofen (2.5–7.5mg/kg injected intraperitoneally) in alloxan-induced mice using the hot-plate and tail-flick tests, both thermal tests.
Results: Baclofen produced a dose-dependent inhibition of hot-plate response in both normoglycemic and diabetic mice. The antinociceptive activity of baclofen was slightly reduced in diabetic mice. In comparison, the antinociceptive activity of morphine (10mg/kg), used as control, was significantly reduced in diabetic mice.
Conclusion: Our results show that hyperglycemia reduces the antinociceptive action of baclofen less than it does that of morphine.

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Introduction: In order to determine the relationship between serum lipid profile and diabetes mellitus as well as other cardiovascular risk factors, we carried out a cross-sectional study of 1255 oil industry workers at the Kharg Island oil terminal.
Methods: Increased levels of total cholesterol (TC≥200mg/dl), triglyceride (TG≥200mg/dl), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL≥130mg/dl) were seen in 32.7%, 39.5% and 18.5% of the workers, respectively. Decreased levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL<40mg/dl) were seen in 13.1% of workers. 61.3% of the workers had a body mass index (BMI) ≥25kg/m2. Visceral obesity (waist circumference >100cm) was seen 32.4% of workers.
Results: There was a direct and significant relationship between TC levels and BMI (p<0.001), and between TG levels and BMI (p<0.0001). The same correlation existed between waist circumference and both TC (p<0.02) and TG (p<0.06). There was also a direct correlation between LDL levels and waist circumference (p<0.04). 10.6% of workers had some disorder of glucose metabolism. There was a direct correlation between diabetes and both TC and HDL levels (p<0.04 and p<0.05, respectively). 42.4% of workers smoked and 57.4% had a sedentary lifestyle. There was a trend toward lower blood glucose and cholesterol levels as the level of physical activity increased (p=0.1 and p=0.08, respectively). There was a significant difference between blue- and white-collar workers in the prevalence of excess weight, visceral obesity, diastolic hypertension, diabetes and cigarette smoking, but not serum lipid profile and level of physical activity.
Conclusion: The significant prevalence of dyslipidaemia and other cardiovascular risk factors in the oil workers of Kharg Island requires systematic preventive interventions to reduce cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in this population.

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Introduction: The urinary excretion of minimal quantities of albumin (microalbuminuria) is predictive of renal failure and cardiovascular mortality. The detection and prompt treatment of microalbuminuria is crucial to the prevention and progress of renal failure in patients with diabetes. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relative frequency of microalbuminuria in different age groups of men and women attending the diabetes clinic at Imam Khomeini University Hospital.
Methods: 123 patients each provided a 12-hour urine sample, collected in standard fashion. Urinary albumin was measured by immunoturbidometry. The frequency of microalbuminuria (urinary albumin excretion between 30mg and 300mg in a 24-hour sample) was assessed in different age groups in men and women, according to duration of diabetes, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), glycosylated haemoglobin levels (A1C), body mass index (BMI), and both systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
Results: Overall, 20.3% of patients had microalbuminuria, 61.1% normoalbuminuria, and 10.6% macroalbuminuria. Patients with microalbuminuria were significantly older (mean age = 58.5 years) than patients with normal albumin excretion (50.3 years). The male-to-female ratio was highest in patients with microalbuminuria and lowest in those with normoalbuminuria. There was no significant difference in GFR, A1C, and blood pressure between patients with normo-, micro-, or microalbuminuria. There was a significant difference in duration of diabetes between normoalbuminuric (9.3 years) and microalbuminuric patients (11.5 years). There was a significant, inverse correlation between BMI and urinary albumin excretion.
Conclusions: Renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes deteriorates with increasing age and duration of diabetes. Renal impairment is more common in men than women.

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Background: Type 1A Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic and progressive auto- immune disorder resulting from immune mediated destruction of Langerhans islet beta cells. The etiology of T1DM like the other autoimmune diseases is unknown and many factors are involved, Both humoral and cell-mediated immunity have a critical role in T1DM pathogenesis. The cytokines, the immunomodulatory peptides, are responsible for the immune cell recruitment and producing auto-antibodies by the immune effector cells. To evaluate the role of cytokines in sensitivity or resistance to T1DM, we have employed IFN gamma to determine their gene polymorphisms and their association with T1DM.
Methods: 30 patient suffering from T1DM and 40 normal control were studied simultaneously .PCR technique was used to characterize the polymorphisms of cytokine. Salting out method was performed for DNA isolation .The polymorphosime of IFN gamma gene was determined on position UTR+5664`5.The PCR products were evaluated by Gel Electerophoresis Technique.
Results: There was a significant difference between patient and control group in TT allele IFN gamma gene: p<0.05, RR: 0.39(0.22

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Background: All contemporary methods of insulin administration are non-physiological. Insulin is not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract because of its peptide nature. The aim of the present study was to examine the absorption of oral insulin from gastrointestinal tract, using novel oral formulation- adding a delivery agent superporouse hydrogel (SPH) and SPH composite (SPHC) in combination with insulin.
Methods: Capsules containing insulin and SPH &SPHC were administered orally, to 15 non-diabetic subjects in order to assess its biological effects and safety. Plasma glucose, insulin and c – peptide serum levels were determined, at timed intervals up to 4 h.
Results: In the present study, we showed that AUC of exogenous insulin in polymer -insulin group was higher than sub-cutaneous regular insulin group. It means that addition of SPHC polymer caused increase in insulin absorbtion.In addition, Insulin Tmax in polymer group was longer than sub-cotaneaus insulin group. Blood glucose AUC in sub-cotaneaus group was higher than polymer group.AUC C-peptide serum level in polymer group was higher than sub-cutaneous group.
Conclusions: Insulin in combination with a novel delivery agent, SPH and SPHC, given orally is absorbed through the GI tract in a biologically active form. This was demonstrated by suppression of endogenous insulin secretion.

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Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the first cause of death in Iran and hypercholesterolemia is one of the most important risk factors. This problem could be partially managed by dietary modifications such as supplementation of diet with dairy products and probiotic bacteria. The aim of this study was to comprise the effect of consuming a probiotic yoghurt and ordinary yoghurt on serum cholesterol levels in mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia.
Methods: This randomized cross-over trial was conducted on 14 healthy subjects aged 40-65 years with total serum cholesterol 200-300 mg/dl. We asked the subjects to avoid consumption of yoghurt for a two-week pre-study period and add 300 g/day of milk to their diet. Then they were randomly allocated to 2 groups to receive either 300 g of ordinary yoghurt (fermented with S.thermophilus and L.bulgaricus) or probiotic yoghurt (fermented with a starter composed of L.acidophilus and B.lactis plus bacteria in ordinary yoghurt) for 6 weeks as substitution for milk. After a wash-out period of 7 weeks, the cross-over was made (those consuming probiotic yoghurt, changed to ordinary yoghurt and vice versa) and the study lasted for another 6 weeks. Anthropometric measurements, a 3-day dietary recall and blood lipid tests were done at the beginning (after a 2-week elimination period of yoghurt from diet) and at the end of each period.
Results: Comparison of weights, BMIs and dietary confounding factors during the period of consuming ordinary yoghurt and probiotic yoghurt, did not show any significant differences. Consumption of probiotic yoghurt in comparison with ordinary yogurt caused a significant decrease in total serum cholesterol (P=0.049). Comparison of other blood lipid criteria did not show any significant differences between these two periods.
Conclusion: Consumption of the yoghurt containing two probiotic bacteria, L.acidophilus and B.lactis, in comparison with ordinary yoghurt causes reduction in total serum cholesterol in mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia.

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Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of the chronic metabolic diseases with several organ damages that dearese life span. Prevalence of known diabetes appears to be increasing in most countries, presumably due to increasing the prevalence of risk factors such as obesity, lower physical activity and improved diagnosis. WHO expect the number of adults (20 years and older) with diabetes rises up to 300 millions in 2025. In view of the worldwide geographic differences in diabetes and lack of documented informations about prevalence of diabetes in Iran, we assigned this study.
Methods: The base of our study for assessment of prevalence of diabetes in Iran was results of ״Health and Disease Study in Iran, 1999״. We used epidemiologic model (DisMod) for estimating the incidence of diabetes in Iran. Results: The prevalence of diabetes in over 20 years of Iranian population in 2000, was 1.6 million or 4.67%. Also it is estimated up to 100000 persons have been affected by type II diabetes.
Conclusion: The true limitation of our study was limitations of documents about estimated of proportion of true prevalence to prevalence of known diabetes.

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Background: Foot complications are among the important problems of diabetic patients. Vascular and neurological involvements are two major causes for such complications.
Methods: We studied 142 diabetic outpatients referred to diabetes clinic of Dr.Shariati Hospital from Dec. 2003 to Sep. 2004. We performed different neurological and vascular tests to assess the diabetic foot and data were analyzed by SPSS software.
Results: 54.9% of the cases reached the symptom score of 5 and upper so they had neuropathy regarding the Michigan Neuropathy Disability Score (MNDS). By analyzing the overall symptom and sign scores, 61% had neuropathy. Regarding MNDS, 42.7% of the subjects were neuropathic. Finally 23.9% were unable to sense at least one point from 12 points of monofilament examination. 16.9% of the patients had the complaint of intermittent claudication, in 8.8% at least one of the peripheral pulses was not palpable, whereas 10.6% had some degree of PAD regarding to ABI and toe pressure.
Conclusion: Using a monofilament is the most reliable method for screening of the neuropathy in diabetic patients. On the other hand, relying on symptoms like intermittent claudication and physical examination in order to find peripheral arterial disease in diabetic patients may lead to miss many cases, thus, performing some more precise diagnostic tests, such as ABI and toe pressure are highly recommended and reliable.

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Background: Since by considering increases worldwide prevalence of diabetes mellitus, and its management in the short and long–term requires significant expenditure on the part of patients and healthcare providers alike, and on the other hand existing resources fall short of the country's needs in this domain, diabetes has become one of the major health priorities in our country, as it has across the globe. Assessment of injuries due to diabetes mellitus and complications are divided to two sections: 1– economic cost of diabetes mellitus and 2 – burden of diabetes mellitus. In this study we assessed burden of diabetes mellitus and complications in Iran in year 2000.
Methods: We used ten years ago studies about prevalence of diabetes and complications in Iran, associated DALYs index by helping computer model (DisMod) for assessment of burden of diabetes and complications in Iran in year 2000.
Results: Burden of diabetes in Iran was 306440 years in year 2000. Burden of diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, diabetic foot and lower limb amputation were 20532, 20532, 33286, 5848 and 1573 years, respectively.
Conclusion: Pay attention to this study, we will need to reduce diabetes's burden by setting serious programs about prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus and complications. Thus, we suggest, other studies are planning for assessment of burden of other diseases. Then after comparing burden of diabetes to other diseases, government politicians are performance priorities setting for using of our country resource.

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Background: All contemporary methods of insulin administration are non-physiological. The euglycemia that is achieved in at the expense of the adverse effects of systemic hyper-insulinemia, emphasize the importance of devising methods to deliver insulin physiologically and directly into the portal circulation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the oral absorption of insulin from gastrointestinal tract, using novel oral drug delivery system delivery based on superporouse hydrogel (SPH) and SPH composite (SPHC) in combination with insulin.
Methods: This study has been done based on interventional clinical trial in healthy volunteers. Capsules containing insulin and SPH &SPHC in various combination were administered orally, to 15 non-diabetics subjects in order to assess this biological effects and safety. Serum glucose, insulin and C - peptide levels were determined, at predetermined timed intervals up to 4 h.
Results: An increase in serum insulin level was demonstrated in all subjects that used polymer plus insulin. The nadir of serum glucose level appeared after 60 - 120 min following the ingestion of polymer plus insulin. Serum C - peptide levels were suppressed while exogenous insulin was absorbed at the same time. No adverse effects were detected during the trial and several weeks following the trial using SPH based drug delivery system.
Conclusions: Insulin in combination with novel delivery agents, SPH & SPHC, given orally was partially absorbed through the GI tract in a biologically active form. This was demonstrated by serum glucose lowering effect of the delivery system as well as a suppression of plasma C-peptide which also represented a decrease in endogenous insulin secretion.

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Background: Medical-nutritional interventions, can reduce the risk of complicationsin T1DM. There has been some conflicting data on the issue of the association between diabetes knowledge and metabolic improvement of T1DM patients. Therefore the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nutrition education on biochemical changes, nutritional status, knowledge, attitude and practice of patients withT1DM in Aligoodarz.
Methods: This study was a self – control quasi survey. Census sampling was used for subject selection. ِِData was collected by observation and interview techniques. Biochemical indices were measured on blood samples by standard methods and anthropometric measurements, diet survey and KAP study were carried out on 30 patients with T1DM by a nutritionist at the first and 3 months after training. All cases participated in educating programs for 12 hours. The results were analyzed by SPSS and Food processor softwares and results compared with paired t-test and McNemar test. P-values less than 0.05 were considered as significant.
Results: 30 patients with 15 – 45 years old ( Mean ± SD = 30.8 ± 11.3 ) participated in study all participants were educated. Mean duration of diabetes was 10.9±6.44 years. FBS, HbA1c, total cholesterol and LDL-C levels decreased significantly. After educating interventions also hypoglycemic attacks reduced. Macronutrients intake were in recommended ranges for diabetic patients. Simple carbohydrates and cholesterol intakes decreased and dietary Folate, Vit c and fiber increased. Calcium intake was less than RDA. Both knowledge and practice scores increased significantly (P<0.001). Attitude was changed for some items significantly.
Conclusion: Findings of this project emphasyzed on the importance of nutrition education to patients with T1DM. It may significantly changes biochemical indices, dietary fiber and simple carbohydrate and improves metabolic control in T1DM. And the patients KAP scores increased. Thus appropriate nutrition education as well as insulin therapy are the main factors in metabolic control of T1DM.

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Background: Diabetes is one of the chronic diseases need continual medical care and self care education, and nutritional therapy account as an integral part of dietary management. This study carried out to investigate the effect of diabetes dietary counseling on quality of life in type II diabetic patients.
Methods: As a Randomized Clinical Trial, 144 patients with type II diabetes aged 35-65 years were recruited from patients referred to Imam Hossein Hospital dietary clinic and randomly assigned in case and control groups. A dietary schedule consisting 50-60% carbohydrate, 10-20% protein and less than 30% fat was prescribed at the first orally in a 30-minute counseling session then in written form for case group, while the control group was left without any intervention. The quality of life score was estimated in both groups via using the Short-form 36-Item (SF-36), before dietary counseling and one mouth after the dietary counseling, and the quality of life score between both groups were compared. The data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: Average age was 52.1±10 years. Before dietary counseling, the quality of life among 46% of subjects was assessed to be poor and 52% claimed their health status poorer than the last year. Independent-Samples T-Test with P<0.05 revealed significant difference in weight, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, blood sugar before and after breakfast, blood cholesterol and triglyceride, after dietary counseling in both groups. Also, this test with P<0.05 revealed significant difference in the quality of life score in general and in each dimensions, after dietary counseling in both groups. Paired-Samples T-Test revealed significant increase in the quality of life score in general and in each dimensions on pre and post dietary counseling in case group, but didn’t observe in control group. Conclusion: According to the results, it was revealed that dietary counseling can promote the quality of life in patients with type II diabetes in all dimensions. So, it seems dietary counseling program is essential in prevention and decrease of type II diabetes complications.

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Background: Chronic diabetes is substantially associated with circulatory disorders in lower limbs. Vacuum-Compression Therapy (VCT) has been commonly used in treatment of peripheral circulatory disorders. VCT is based on intermittent alteration of Positive- Negative pressure phases. The purpose of this study was to determine effects of VCT on diabetic subjects' peripheral blood flow.

Methods: In this Before-After and case-series study, 18 type 2 diabetic subjects with diabetic neuropathy and/or peripheral vascular disease (PVD) completed the study. Subjects received 45 min of VCT for 10 sessions three times weekly. Blood flow (calf+foot) was measured via venous occlusion plethysmography.          

Results: Among Variables of "Arterial Inflow", "Venous Outflow", "Venous Capacity", "Post-ischemic Reactive Hyperemia" and "Peak Flow of Reactive Hyperemia", only "Venous Outflow"  significantly improved after 10 sessions treatment via VCT (P<0.05).

Conclusions: Arterial blood inflow, which was the most important determinant evaluated in this study, was not increased via VCT. Additional studies are required to investigate the effective VCT parameters and duration of each session and number of sessions, considering progressive and deteriorative natural history of diabetes.

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Background: Fortification of corn with folic acid has beneficial effects on hyperhomocysteinemia and heart disease. Folate fortification was contributed to an increase in average folate status and a reduction in serum homocysteine concentration.

Methods: In this randomized clinical trial 17 men and women aged 61±5 years old with hyperhomocysteinemia with mean homocysteine concentration of 15/32±6/13 µmol/L were recruited. Subjects received fortified bread which contained 100µg folic acid daily for 8 weeks. Three-day food record, food frequency questionnaire and BMI (Body Mass Index) data at baseline and week 8 were completed. Plasma homocysteine and serum folate at baseline and week 8 were measured. All dietary and statistical analyses were undertaken using Nutritionist III and SPSS release 15.0 software with paired t-test.

Results: Mean plasma homocysteine concentration decreased significantly in hyperhomocysteinemic subjects after daily consumption of folate fortified bread for 8 weeks (P<0.001).After 8 weeks serum folate concentration increased %26 (P=0.06). Mean BMI, energy and other components of dietary intake did not change significantly. Dietary vitamin C decreased significantly (P<0.001).

Conclusion: Daily consumption of folic acid fortified bread, with 100 µg folic acid, in hyperhomocysteinemic subjects for 8 weeks led to significant decrease in plasma homocysteine and an increase in serum folate.

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Background: Milk and fermented milk products have been known as foods with possible hypocholesterolemic effects. In this study we compared the effects of milk replacement with regular and probiotic yogurt in normocholesterolemic (N) and hypercholesterolemic (H) subjects.

Methods: Twenty eight subjects with total serum cholesterol 160-280 mg/dl were included. They did not consume yogurt for 2 weeks after that 300 g/day of milk was added to their diet. Then, blood lipids were measured and they were randomly allocated to 2 groups to receive either 300g/day of ordinary yogurt or probiotic yogurt for 6 weeks as a substitution for milk. Blood lipid tests were repeated at the end of the study. Subjects in both groups were divided into these two subgroups according to their baseline blood cholesterol level: subgroup N (cholesterol<220mg/dl) and H (cholesterol≥220mg/dl). Blood lipid changes were compared between these subgroups in each experimental group.

Results: Total cholesterol and LDL-C levels reduced in the H as compared to N subgroup after regular yogurt consumption instead of milk and the reduction of LDL-C was significant (P=0.033). The effect of milk replacement with probiotic yogurt on total cholesterol and LDL-C reduction in H compared to N subgroup was higher than regular yogurt consumption (P=0.028 and P=0.014 for total cholesterol and LDL-C respectively).

Conclusion: The higher the baseline blood cholesterol level, the more beneficial effects of milk replacement with yogurt, especially probiotic yogurt. So, it is suggested for hypercholesterolemic individuals to consume more yogurt as the source of dairy products in their diet.

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Background: Vitamin D deficiency is associated with impaired insulin secretion, glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of supplementation with 50,000 IU vitamin D on improving serum vitamin D levels and insulin resistance in vitamin D insufficient or deficient type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: In this double blind randomized clinical trial, 81 type 2 diabetic patients with vitamin D levels between 10-30 ng/ml were randomly assigned to intervention (50,000 IU vitamin D3 once a week) and control (placebo once a week) groups according to gender. The study duration was 8 weeks. At the beginning and the end of study, blood samples were collected after 12 hours overnight fasting and fasting serum glucose, insulin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D were measured. Insulin resistance was obtained by HOMA-IR calculation. Results: After 8 weeks supplementation with vitamin D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D level was significantly increased and reached to normal levels in the intervention group. Fasting serum glucose and insulin concentrations and HOMA-IR were significantly decreased in the vitamin D group, but there were no significant changes in the placebo group. Conclusion: Supplementation with 50,000 IU vitamin D for 8 weeks compared to placebo can improve inadequate levels of vitamin D and glycemic indicators in vitamin D insufficient or deficient type 2 diabetic patients.

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Background: Balance dysfunction is one of the problems in diabetic patients so that peripheral neuropathy and decreased somatosensory sensitivity are the most important causes for it. One of the supposed theories for diabetic peripheral neuropathy is reduction in blood flow secondary to pathologies of peripheral neural arterioles. Intermittent Pneumatic Compression, regarding to its effect on vessels hemodynamics and perfusion improvements, has been considered in recent years. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of this method on improvement of neuropathy signs and symptoms improvement in patients with type 2 Diabetes and neuropathy. Also, regarding to the role of neuropathy on balance impairment, other aim of this study is to investigate the effect of this method on improvement of dynamic balance in diabetic patients. Methods: This study is a clinical trial study. 39 patients with diabetes type 2 and neuropathy divided into intervention (20 patients) and control (19 patients) groups. The intervention group underwent 10 sessions of IPC treatment, with 45 minutes for each session and one day interval between them. Neuropathy severity changes (by Valk and Michigan Questionnaires), Proprioceptive sensation (assessed by Diapason), and balance (by Biodex system), were evaluated in both groups in first and final sessions. Results: Anterior-Posterior Stability Index and Overall Stability Index obtained from Biodex system in level 6 showed significant changes. Vibration sensation, and Valk and Michigan neuropathy questionnaires also showed significant improvements (P<0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that IPC treatment method has positive effects on improvement of neuropathy severity, Vibration sensation and dynamic stability (Biodex).

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Background: Diabetic patients need to be followed for glycemic index regularly and HbA1c test is one of the most important biochemical markers for patient monitoring.  HbA1c should be standardized based on international standards, but using internationally accepted assays are expensive. This study aimed to evaluate cost effectiveness of different assays which are currently used in Iran.

Methods: In this economic evaluation study, five HbA1c assays (Pars Azmoon, NycoCard, DS5, Biosystems and CERA STAT 2000) have been evaluated for cost, sensitivity and specificity, true score and also incremental cost-effectiveness ratios. Tosoh G8 has been considered as reference method.

Results: Although none of the assays can be a good alternative for reference method, DS5 and pars azmoon had better cost effectiveness results compared to other assays.

Conclusion: The quality of HbA1c assays need to be improved by using real tariff or the establishment of referral labs.

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Background: One of the most common complications of Diabetic Polyneuropathy (DPN) is decreased balance and Postural Control disorder. Balance has an important role in static and dynamic activities as a base of activities of daily living. The objective of this study was the evaluation and comparison of dynamic and functional balance in patients with DPN and healthy subjects.

Methods: In this study, dynamic and functional balance of 11diabetic patients with DPN (detected by Michigan questionnaire) and 11 healthy subjects were evaluated by Biodex Balance System (BBS) and Tandem Stance (TS) test in open and closed eyes conditions. The participants were matched by age and BMI. An independent t-test was used to compare balance parameters between patient and normal group. Furthermore, the correlation between dynamic balance parameters of BBS and TS tests were calculated using the Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient.

Results: The results of BBS in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy were significantly higher than normal subjects (P<0.05). The mean of time of TS test in diabetic group was significantly lower than healthy subjects (P<0.05). Also there was a significant (P=0.004) negative (r = 0.794) correlation between Medio-Lateral stability index (recorded from BBS) and TS with open eye, in diabetes group.

Conclusion: Older adults with DPN have an impaired functional balance in comparison with matched control subjects and this may expose the patients to danger of falling during daily activities.

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Background: Finding effective drugs have been considered for healing diabetic wounds by researchers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects on wound healing ointment Alcoholic extract of grape seed skin is normal and diabetic rats.

Methods:  In this study 48 male Wistar rats into four groups (negative control, positive control, the first experimental, the second experimental) were divided. Groups tested in the injured area of 3 cm²   were created on the left spine. The wound healing was evaluated macroscopically. The results are reported as Mean ± SD. Statistical inference border (P ≥0.05) and (P ≥0.01) and (P ≥0.001).

Results: Compared with normal wound healing in diabetic groups were later and Wound healing in experimental groups treated with Vitis Vinifera more quickly than the control group, respectively.

Conclusions: In this study the skin ointment Vitis Vinifera accelerates the wound healing is normal and diabetic samples.