Iranian Journal of

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Background: The oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein (LDL) may play an important role in atherogenesis. Mechanism of LDL oxidation and factors that determine its susceptibility to oxidation is unknown. Copper is account as an attributing factor in LDL oxidation atherosclerotic lesions. The binding of copper ions to LDL is usually thought to be a prerequisite for LDL oxidation by copper. The aim of study was to  investigate the effect of  Naringin and Quercetin on copper bound to LDL and furthermore effect of this binding on the susceptibility of LDL to oxidative modification.

Methods: LDL was isolated from EDTA-plasma by ultracentrifugation using a discontinuous gradient. The oxidizability of LDL was measured by thiobarbitoric acid reactive substances (TBARS) after addition of CuSO₄ in absence and/or presence of Naringin and Quercetin. Finally effect of Naringin and Quercetin on formation of LDL-copper complex was studied by gel filtration.

Results: This study showed that Naringin suppresses formation of TBARS and LDL-copper complex, whereas Quercetin enhances formation of TBARS and LDL-copper complex.

Conclusion: Results revealed that Naringin with inhibition of binding of Copper to LDL may decrease the susceptibility of LDL oxidation in counter to this ion and thus may have a role in prevention of atherosclerosis. But Quercetin with stimulation of binding of copper to LDL may increase the susceptibility of LDL oxidation to this ion and thus may have a role in progression atherosclerosis.   

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Background: Patients with diabetes need to be educated efficiently and effectively in order to increase their quality of life. According to modern technological developments, multimedia message-based education is considered as one of the effective educational strategies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of multimedia-based education in the Telegram application and in-person method on fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes.
Methods: In this clinical trial study, a sample of 66 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes who referred to the emergency department and the clinic of Sina hospital in Tabriz, were randomly assigned in double blocks into two groups: in-person education and multimedia-based education. Data gathering tools included a demographic form, glycosylated hemoglobin and fasting blood glucose were measured before and three months after the educational intervention. Data were analyzed with independent and paired samples t-tests.
Results: The results indicated that there were no significant differences in the mean values of glycosylated hemoglobin and fasting blood glucose between two groups before and after education(P >0.05). In within-group comparison, there was a statistically significant difference in the multimedia message group on the reduction of mean values of glycosylated hemoglobin (p= 0.02) but these values differences were not significant in in-person group (p= 0.33).
Conclusion: Multimedia-based education in the Telegram application compared to in-person education improves self-care and reduces the mean values of glycosylated hemoglobin in diabetic patients. This educational context can be used to facilitate the self-care education process to patients.