Iranian Journal of

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Background: sea urchins belonging to phylum echinoderms of marine invertebrates them found to possess excellent. Diabetes mellitus, metabolic diseases most prevalent in the world with a group of metabolic disorders characterized by different degrees is the first increase in blood glucose levels. The aim of the present research was undertaken to study the anti- diabetes activity of different extracts, coelomic fluid and pigments shells and spines of sea urchin of Echinodermata mathaei.

Methods: Isolation of different tissues extracts (spine, shell, gonad and aristotol lantern) sea urchin by three solvents (n- hexan, ethyl acetate, and methanol). Isolation coelomic fluid by buffered mode and pigments shell and spine by HCl of sea urchin anti-diabetes activity investigated through inhibition α- Amylase enzyme.

Results: According to the results of the study, coelomic fluid (CF), coelomocyte lysate and shell pigment of sea urchin highest activity in the anti-diabetes methods. Significant differences were observed at P<0.05.

Conclusion: The result of this research indicated that sea urchin of E. mathaei due to the high antioxidant activity, as well as, flavonoid compounds, have anti- diabetes activities too.

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Background: It is critical to understand how accurately physicians can estimate the importance of each clinical finding in estimating the probability of a specific diagnosis in the process of clinical decision making. This study aimed to investigate whether physicians’ estimates of the importance of various clinical findings of ascites correlated with the positive likelihood ratios of these findings in diagnosis of ascites.
Methods: One hundred and ten physicians were asked to respond to a questionnaire. In this questionnaire they were presented with a clinical scenario about a patient suspected of having ascites followed by a list of clinical findings. Participants were asked to assign a weight (between 0 and 100%) to each clinical finding based on their perception of how much the presence of that finding changed the probability of ascites for the patient. Positive likelihood ratios of those findings were extracted from current best evidence. We investigated if the weights assigned by physicians were associated with the positive likelihood ratios of those findings.
Results: Significant differences were discovered between the weights assigned by the physicians and the positive likelihood ratios for each clinical finding. Significant positive correlation was observed between the weights assigned by different groups of physicians.
Conclusion: Physicians inaccurately estimated the importance of various clinical findings in the diagnosis of ascites. Further research is needed to determine if such inaccurate estimations would lead to any adverse clinical outcomes.

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Background: One of the complications of type 2 diabetes is the development of neurocognitive disorders, and DCX and AMPA may be involved in this disorder. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise on the DCX and AMPA in the hippocampus of rats with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: 32 eight-week-old male rats were divided into control (C), diabetes (D), diabetes-exercise (DT), and exercise (T) groups. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin injection. The exercise was carried out for six weeks. Finally, the rats were dissected, and their hippocampus tissue was extracted. Proteins were measured by the ELISA method.
Results: There was nonsignificant difference between the DCX of the C group and the T and DT groups (p>0.05). But there was a significant difference between the DCX of the C and diabetic groups (p =0.05). Also, a significant difference was observed between the diabetic groups and the T group (p<0.05). AMPA in diabetic groups were significantly lower than in C and T groups (p<0.05) While the difference between C and T groups and D and DT groups was not significant (p>0.05). Also, a significant negative correlation was observed between AMPA and DCX with blood glucose.
Conclusion: Diabetes reduces the AMPA and DCX but exercise nonsignificantly reduces the effect of diabetes on those. According to the appropriate duration of exercise, there is a possibility that due to the significant negative correlation between these proteins and glucose, the intensity of exercise can significantly reduce the negative effect of diabetes on those.