Background: The aim of this study was to identify major dietary patterns in Iranian adults and their associations with the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM).
Methods: This nested case-control study was conducted among 698 women and men with a mean age of 43.6 ± 12.0 years in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). Among participants who were free of T2DM at baseline and developed T2DM during follow-up examinations, individuals with dietary intakes data were considered as cases. Each case was matched to three T2DM free controls on sex, age, and the date of blood drawing. Major dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis and odds ratios of T2DM were estimated using conditional logistic regression.
Results: In this study, three major dietary patterns were identified. After adjusting for diabetes risk factors, 1-SD increase in score of the dietary pattern characterized by high intake of whole grain, legumes, egg, and red meat (traditional dietary pattern) was associated with reduced risk of T2DM (OR : 0.82; 95% CI: 0.67-0.99).
Conclusion: A whole grain and legumes based dietary pattern may be associated with reduced risk of T2DM in Iranian population.
