Bagher Larijani, Farzaneh Zahedi, Fatemeh Shidfar,
Volume 4, Issue 0 (Vol4, Ethics in Clinical Researchese 2005)
Abstract
Background: In recent years, many progresses have been confirmed in the field of medicine. Transplantation is one of the instances which have had rapid improvements. Human and nonhuman organs and tissues, embryo, fetus and even the human stem cells have been used for transplantation. The researches in this field have lead to the more functional and new methods. Regarding the ethical problems would prevent the future dangers of human being and society. The researchers’ duty is to respect all of the ethical points associated with the transplantation. In this article, the researches on corps, samples of human tissues and especially in embryo and fetus have been discussed.
Methods: For compilation of the article, we searched articles by means of PubMed, Medline, and Ovid and so we concerned some books.
Results & Conclusion: In transplantation researches on corps, the patient’s consent in advance (before death) or the relatives consent is important. In Islam respect to the dead Muslim is highly insisted. In human tissue researches the reason of tissue collection, kind and amount of it, research use and non-beneficence use of the research results have to be significantly considered. In recent years, the researches on embryo and fetus have been attenuated. This kind of research despite of its advantages has brought many ethical questions in consent acquisition, viability or non-viability of the embryo and fetus and the permission of research confirmation. In this review article it has been tried to regard all of the current ethical problems in this field, wishing this article to be a guide for more extensive researches.
Ali Jafarian, Fatemeh Shidfa, Alireza Parsapour, Hasan Emami Razavi,
Volume 5, Issue 0 (Vol5,Medical Ethics and History of Medicine 2005)
Abstract
Background: Kidney transplantation is one of the major progresses of medical science with many ethical debates. The shortage of organs and the increases in waiting list for cadaver transplantation has leaded to transplantation from living donors. In this article, we discuss the ethics of transplantation from living kidney donors.
Methods: For compiling this article, we searched in Pubmed and Ovid by the keywords of kidney transplantation, living donor, ethics.
Results: At the first, the history and statistics of kidney transplantation in Iran and other countries are reviewed. We discussed the living kidney transplantation regarding to principles of nonmaleficence, autonomy and justice. The ethical issues of different groups of living donors and the proponents and opponents opinions are expressed. Because of the importance of unrelated living donors, this group is discussed more briefly.
Conclusion: It is realistic to consider the living kidney transplantation as the last option. Arranging a legal and social organization to control the monetary relationship of the recipients and donors and to determine the preferences of kidney receipt in waiting list is reasonable. It is essential to increase the cadaver transplantation resources to decrease the need of kidney transplantation from living donors.
