Iranian Journal of

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Background: Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease that leads to many complications such as atherosclerosis. Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMPs) family plays a key role in atherosclerosis and remodeling of the vessel wall. The aim of this study was determination the Effect of eight weeks aerobic exercise with Portulaca oleracea seeds consumption on MMP-1, MMP-3 and MIP-1α in women with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: In one Quasi-experimental study 28 women with type II diabetes (44 to 65 years old) selected and divided into 4 groups (Exercise, Supplement, Exercise-Supplement and Control groups) randomly. Exercise program included 8 weeks (3 sessions per week) with 50 to 70% of maximum heart rate. Supplemented groups received 7.5 g Portulaca oleracea seeds every day. Blood samples were collected before and after the 8 weeks with 12 hours fasting conditions. P < 0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results: Eight weeks of the aerobic training or portulacalo consumption cause a significant decrease in MMP-1، MMP-3 و MIP-1α levels, in comparison to pretest. However, the effectiveness of combination training and supplement is better in the above indicators. MMP-1 levels showed a significant difference between supplement, training, training- supplement group with control group (P = 0.001) and between supplement exercise group with training- supplement (Respectively P = 0.018, P =0.039). MMP-3 levels showed a significant difference between supplement with training- supplement (P = 0.007) and control group (P = 0.011), exercise group with training- supplement (P = 0.026) and control group (P = 0.04). MIP-1α levels showed a significant difference between training- supplement and control group (P = 0.001).

Conclusion: The results showed both intervention exercise and purslane may be support from due to the effects of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory from oxidative stress induced diabetes and combination therapy was associated with synergistic effects.

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Background: The Actinobacteria and Bifidobacterium population, which are the beneficial intestinal bacteria, was compared between pregnant women with gestational diabetes (GDM) and healthy-one, and their relationship with the amount of dietary macronutrients was investigated.
Methods: Fifty pregnant women with GDM, who were identified in the 24-28 weeks of pregnancy, based on the oral glucose tolerance test, and 50 healthy pregnant women with normal results were selected. Stool samples were collected. Bacterial DNA was extracted and 16S rRNA gene amplification was done by qPCR method, using universal bacterial primers. Food information was collected using a food frequency questionnaire.
Results: In total, Actinobacteria phyla (P= 0.02) and Bifidobacterium (P= 0.001) were significantly lower in the pregnant women with GDM than the normoglycemic. Adjusting to all factors and grouping, age (P= 0.02), and education (P= 0.04) showed a significant effect on the gut Actinobacteria population. Higher daily calorie intake decreased the intestinal Actinobacteria population by 11.1 times (P=0.01). Dietary carbohydrate and fat showed a positive effect on the gut Actinobacteria (P= 0.02 and P= 0.003, respectively). Dietary cholesterol showed a negative effect on the Bifidobacterium population (OR= -0.54, P= 0.02).
Conclusion: Increase in dietary carbohydrates and fat with an emphasis on mono- and poly-unsaturated fatty acids, decrease in daily calorie intake and cholesterol lead to increase in the Actinobacteria and Bifidobacterium, respectively as the beneficial gut bacteria.

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Background: The present study investigated the effects of curcumin supplementation along with a weight loss diet on the relative abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria in the gut of metabolically healthy obese men.
Methods: In the present double-blinded controlled clinical trial, sixty metabolically healthy obese men (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2) participated. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups receiving curcumin supplementation (500 mg, twice daily) or placebo. The duration of the intervention was eight weeks. The samples were matched for age and dietary intake before the study. Stool samples were collected at the beginning and end of the study and the relative abundance of bacteria was measured after DNA extraction.
Results: The relative abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in men undergoing placebo intervention decreased after 8 weeks (P= 0.04) and was significantly lower than that in the curcumin intervention group (P= 0.003). The mean changes in faecalibacterium prausnitzii increased in the curcumin while they decreased in the placebo group (P= 0.03). In addition, the mean changes in Roseburia intestinalis increased in the curcumin and decreased in the placebo group (P= 0.009).
Conclusion: Weight loss diet leads to a decrease in the relative abundance of butyrogenic bacteria in the gut of obese men, while curcumin supplementation can lead to an increase in the population of these bacteria, as one of the methods of treating obesity.