Background: Nesfatin-1 is an adipokine that released by adipose tissue and participated in the regulation of insulin activity and glucose metabolism. The aim of this research is the investigation the effect of 10 week resistance exercise training on serum levels of nesfatin-1 and insulin resistance index in women with type 2 diabetes. Methods: Eighteen women with type 2 diabetes recruited this study by using of the Purposive Sampling method and were randomly divided into two experimental (n= 10) and control (n= 8) groups. The experimental group participated in resistance exercise training (the exercises training started with 30-50% intensity of one maximum repetition in the first training session and increased to 70-80% intensity of one maximum repetition in the final session) in three times per week for 10 weeks. Also, the control group not participated in exercise program. Blood samples were taken pre-and post-exercise test in the 12 h fasting conditions for evaluation of nesfatin-1, insulin and glucose levels. The resulting data was analyzed by SPSS 21 and used of Kolmogorov-Smirnov, t-independent and dependent t-tests at a significance level of &alpha<0.05. Results: Intra-group changes in the experimental group showed that a significant increase in nesfatin-1 levels and a significant reduction in blood glucose and insulin resistance levels after 10 weeks resistance training (P<0.05). However, there was no significant change in insulin levels (P>0.05). In the comparison between groups, the changes of nesfatin-1 and glucose levels were significantly in pre- and post-exercise test in the experimental group compared with the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of this research, resistance exercise training could be recommended as adjunctive therapy method for women with type 2 diabetes.
