Iranian Journal of

---

Background: plants have been used in treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM) all over the world for centuries. Studies have indicated that, numerous classes of chemical compounds found in plants are potential effective in the treatment of diabetes. Lemon balm (Melissa officinal is) is a member of Lamiaceae family. In this study, were studied the effect of Melissa officinal is hydroalcoholic extracts in the prevention of diabetes and its effect on serum lipids and lipoproteins in rats.

Methods: Inthisstudy25male rats, weighing200-250grams were semi-randomly divided into5groups of 5 each. Group1(control),group2(diabetic),and groups3, 4and5, respectively extract with doses20, 100and500 mg/Kg/BW, for a period of two weeks every day through were gavaged and then diabetes was induced by way of intra peritoneal injection of alloxan at a dose120mg/kg WB .Blood from rats was performed in order to measure the serum concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL and LDL.

Results: The results indicated a significant decrease (P<./.5) in levels of blood sugar, cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL in rats treated with the extract of Melissa officinal is. In addition, significant increase (P<./.5) in HDL level were observed in treating rats in comparison to the diabetic group.

Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that the Melissa officinal llis extract may be used effectively in preventing, controlling and attenuating the complications of DM. This effect can be due to the presence of flavono ides and their antioxidant features in these plant.

---

Background: Apelin is an Adipokine which is recently discovered and widely secreted from white adipose tissue and in fat and overweight person, apelin values and gene expression increase .In this study, the effect of one period aerobic exercise and vitamin D consumption on weight, plasma apelin values and insulin resistance in overweight women was researched.
Method: In order to doing this reasearch 40 women whom have over weight  with , average old , weight , height, BMI and WHR respectively : (30.37 ± 6.91) years old , (74.89 ± 12.97) kg , (157 ± 7.02) m , (30.08 ± 3.95) kg/m² , (0.81 ± 0.07). After passing the medical sepration dived to 4 experimental group: 1st experiment group (aerobic exercise) n=10, 2nd experimental group (aerobic exercise and vitamin D) n=10, 3rd experimental group (vitamin D) n=10 and control group n=10. At first body composition was measured th included: BMI, WHR, weight, waist and hip size. After that the blood sample was taken from triables. (Fasting) and amount of the apelin, glucose, insulin, vitamin D, triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL and HDL were measured. Then experimental group 1 and 2 were encounterd and emotionalized by an aerobic exercise (treadmill) after 10 weeks all of the measure mented conversionxls were measure again befor the test. For comparisoning of the groupa that befor and after the test was used from –t test and if was used from the variance test for comparisoning two group.
Results: results showed that after 10 week of aerobic exercise an vitamin D using : BMI, WHR, apelin, cholesterol, LDL, glucose, insulin and insulin resistance were reduced, a triglyceride also decrease and HDL had a significant increasing.
Conclusion: Result confirmed the positive effect of the aerobic exercise on body compositions apelin and plasmas Lipoprotein and also showed that using vitamin D using in obese people and people who have overweight can be beneficials.

---

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of 10 weeks of Intensity Interval Training and Supplementation green tea on serum level of irisin and insulin resistance in obese women with type 2 diabetes
Methods: In this semi-experimental study,48 women with type II diabetes (aged 49/55±3/04 years with Weight 76/72±5/78 kg, Height 153/33±5/06 Cm, BMI 31/75±1/41 Kg/m2, selected and grouped randomly into four groups the intensity interval training (n=12), combined (green tea extract along with intensity interval training) (n=12) green tea extract (n=12), and the control group(n=12). Training group performed training programs including 3sessions per week at maximum intensity of 75-85% heart rate and the supplement group consumed 3 tablets of green tea (500 mg) daily for 10 weeks high intensity interval training and the supplement group both underwent intervention. Blood samples were collected before and after the intervention in fasting state. The obtained data was analyzed using of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey post hoc test and paired t-test analysis. The significant level was P<0/05.
Results: The results showed that irisin levels and maximum oxygen consumption in all three groups increased significantly after 10 weeks compared to the control group (P≤0.05) Also, the results indicate a significant increase in irezin in the combined group compared with the green tea group. Serum insulin level, glucose, insulin resistance and weight, body mass index decreased significantly in all three groups compared to control group and green tea group and combination group (P≤0.05).No significant difference was found between the groups in the irisin levels)P>0.05).
Conclusion: Regarding the results of this study, it seems that performing periodic exercises along with supplementation of green tea due to increased irisin and glucose reduction can be helpful in improving insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes. Perhaps the desired results can be achieved by increasing the duration of exercise and supplementation with iyrosin and the maximum oxygen intake.
 
 

---

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of aerobic exercise and supplementation of gensing on homocysteine levels, tiroid hormon and insulin resistant in obese women with hypothyroidism.
Methods: This study is quasi-experimental study. For this purpose, 40 obese women with hypothyroidism with an average age of 34.62 ± 3.55 years, weight 80.47 ± 3.85 kg and BMI of 32.2 ± 2.27 kg / m2, were randomly divided into four groups including aerobic training (10), ginsing (10), aerobic exercise and ginsing (10) and placebo (10) were divided.Aerobic exercise included 8 weeks of aerobic training, 3 sessions per week, 45 to 70 minutes, and 55 to 75% of maximum heart rate. Patients in the ginseng group and aerobic exercise with ginsing consumed each day a Jinsen's capsule containing 250 mg of granule Risomy ginseng powder was taken orally after 8 weeks for 8 weeks, while subjects in the placebo group received flour powdered capsules.Blood samples from the anterior vein were used to measure homocysteine, TSH, T3, T4, glucose and insulin before and after 8 weeks in four groups. For data analysis, dependent t-test and variance analysis were used (P≤0/05).
Results: The results showed that the plasma homocysteine, TSH, glucose concentrate, insulin resistance and insulin resistance were significantly decreased in all three experimental groups while T3 and T4 increased (P <0.05). These indices in the control group were not changed (P <0.05).
Conclusion: Therefore, aerobic exercise, along with supplementation with ginsing, can have an important role in preventing an increase in cardiovascular risk factors and hypothyroidism in obese women with hypothyroidism.


 

---

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of eight weeks of resistance training with and without the use of aqueous extracts of barberry and saffron on serum levels of RBP4, glucose, insulin and insulin resistance in obese mice.
Methods: In this study, 80 mice with a mean weight of 41± 2 g were exposed to high fat diet for 10 weeks. Then, they were randomly assigned to 8 resistance training groups (10 n), resistance and saffron (10 n), saffron (10= n ), Resistance and barberry (n =10), barberry (n =10), saffron and barberry (10n =), resistance training with extract of saffron and barberry (10n =) and control group (n = 10). The resistance training program included raising the mice from the ladder with weight (three sets and 5 repetitions each) three times a week for 8 weeks. The consumption of saffron and barberry extracts was done at 0.08 for total weight of mice for 8 weeks. After 14 hours of fasting, the initial blood sample was taken at 5 ml of the left ventricle of the rats and RBP4, glucose, insulin and insulin resistance levels were measured. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the data between groups. All calculations were considered at P≤0.05
Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference in the levels of RBP4 (P = 0.002), glucose (P = 0.03), insulin (P = 0.02), and insulin resistance (P= 0.004) There are different research groups.
Follow-up test results showed that RBP4 levels decreased in the resistance training group compared to the barberry and control groups. In saffron group, resistance to barberry and control group decreased. The saffron group also decreased compared to the saffron and barberry training groups.
Conclusion: The findings of this study emphasize the effect of resistance training, the use of saffron extract and barberry extract on reducing the metabolic effects of obesity by reducing RBP4 and reducing glucose, insulin and insulin resistance.

---

Background: The apoptosis process as a common status in heart injuries could be imposed significantly by hyperglycemia chronically. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of concurrent training and antioxidant supplementation individually and in combination on biogenesis and function of mitochondrial in the heart tissue of diabetic rats with STZ.
Methods: In this experimental study, fifty male Sprague Dawley rats were classified into five groups (n=10 each group): healthy rats as control, diabetic rats, diabetic combined resistance/endurance training, diabetic rats which consumed supplementation vitamin E and C, and the combined supplementation and training. Here, we calculated changes in genes expression based on artificial intelligence methods and evaluated genes expression in apoptotic influencing combined training and antioxidants vitamins consumption in heart injured models by streptozotocin via Real-Time PCR. Combination training including, respectively, resistance training, 5 days a week with increasing intensity of 5-45% of rat weight and endurance training on treadmill increasingly from 10-30 minutes and intensity of 40-75% of maximum speed during 8 weeks. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA (P<0.05).
Results: the relative expression of PGC1α and Tfam were significantly decreased between healthy control and diabetes controls group. The results indicated that significantly increased of PGC1α and Tfam in the training(P<0.05), supplement(P<0.05) and combination groups(p<0.05). In addition, in this study, it was observed that supplementation and exercise had an increasing effect on the expression of PGC1α and Tfam genes. On the other hand, glucose concentration and weight of rats treated with supplementation and exercise were significantly reduced compared to other groups (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Based on the results, interaction between antioxidant supplements and exercise reduced the glucose concentration and improved the mitochondrial biogenesis of heart tissue, while the combination of these two interventions compared to the effect of each alone, the effect has more.
 

---

Background: Artificial intelligence analysis based on the gene list obtained from the DisGeNET database identified the important genes involved in the heart damage process. Data enrichment highlighted the apoptosis signaling pathway as a vital pathway in cardiovascular risk. Hence, we estimated the binding affinity of chemical and plant bioactive molecules for cytochrome-c protein. Here, we performed to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of resistance training (RT) with Tribulus Terrestris (TT) consumption on the mechanism of apoptosis in the heart tissue of rats exposed to stanozolol.
Methods: Thirty-five male rats were divided into seven groups: (1) Control, (2) Stanozolol (ST), (3) ST + 100 mg / kg TT, (4) ST + 50 mg / kg TT, (5) ST + RT (SRT), (6) S + RT + 100 mg / kg T (SRTT100), and (7) ST + RT + 50 mg / kg T (SRTT50). Differential gene expression was measured by q-RT-PCR. In bioinformatics analysis, the apoptosis signaling pathway was defined as a critical process in heart damage. In addition, adverse effects of Tribulus Terrestris and stanozolol on heart tissue were detected through the apoptotic pathway by molecular docking.
Result: Resistance training along with 100 mg/kg reduced CRP and cytochrome-c Moreover, 100 mg/kg TT as a more favorable effect than 50 mg/kg TT
Conclusion: we showed the beneficial effects of Tribulus Terrestris, the plant’s bioactive compound that can reduce cardiovascular risks by impairing the formation of apoptosome assemblages and inflammation.

---

Background: the purpose of this research is Comparison of the effect of aerobic exercise and gymnema sylvestre supplement on some markers related to cardiomyopathy in type 2 diabetic mice.
Methods: The statistical population consisted of 40 male C57BL/6 mice that became diabetic after 20 weeks of feeding with a high-fat diet. Then they were randomly divided into 5 groups of eight, diabetes and aerobic exercise, diabetes and gymnema sylvester supplement, diabetes and aerobic exercise with gymnema sylvester supplement, diabetes control and healthy control. The aerobic exercise program consisted of exercises at a speed of 10 m/min for six weeks and five training sessions per week on a treadmill. Daily consumption of gymnema sylvester at the rate of 0.1 g/kg orally alone and also with training intervention was done for six weeks.

Results: The findings showed that aerobic exercise and gymnema sylvestre supplement caused a significant decrease in the levels of glucose, insulin, insulin resistance and the expression of CASPASE-1 and NLRP3 genes in the heart tissue, the largest decrease in the dependent variables related to the aerobic exercise group with Gymnema Sylvester supplement.

Conclusion: Aerobic exercise and Gymnema sylvester supplement improves blood variables by reducing glucose, insulin and insulin resistance, as well as improving markers related to cardiomyopathy by reducing the expression of caspase-1 and NLRP3 genes in the heart tissue in type 2 diabetic mice.
 

---

Introduction:The purpose of the research was to compare the effect of two types of raeobic exercise with and without incline on the modulation of oxidative stress and kidney function in CKD mice.Methods:The number of 24 two-month-old C57bl6 female  mice weighing 25±26.1 grams were randomly divided into four groups:healthy control,CKD-affected mice,CKD and aerobic exercise without incline and CKD and aerobic exercise with incline were divided. In order to induce CKD,they received adenine powder of 0.2% mg/kg for 4 weeks.The training groups performed eight weeks of treadmill training(5 sessions perweek)one group performed with a 20-degree incline and the other group performed with a zero-degree incline.After the last training session, sampling of blood was done to measure blood  urea nitrogen and urea and glutathione concentration by ELISA method.The expression of SIRT1,NRF1 and TNF-α genes was measured by qPCR-Real Time technique. For statistical analysis,one way ANOVA test and Tukey's post hoc test and significance level P≤0.05 were used.Findings:The results showed that induction of CKD caused a significant increase in blood urea nitrogen and a significant decrease in glutathione concentration compared to the healthy control group (P<0.05).On the other hand, in the exercise group, there is a significant increase in glutathione concentration and a significant decrease in blood urea nitrogen (P<0.05).The expression level of SIRT1 and NRF1 in the slope training group increased significantly and the expression level of TNF-α decreased significantly (P<0.05).