Iranian Journal of

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Background: Falling is one of the health problems among aged population. Elderly living in institutions are at greater risk of falling than those dwellings in the community, due to their health status and environmental conditions. This study was designed and conducted aimed to address the factors affecting falls in Kahrizak Charity Foundation (KCF). Methods: This is a prospective longitudinal study, which 194 of residents of KCF were participating in it with inclusion criteria were selected by Random Cluster sampling. They were enrolled after signing an informed consent. At baseline the data of demographic, lifestyle, past medical history and visual ability were collected by interviewing. The anthropometric measurements were performed as well. Cognitive status data were collected using abbreviated mental test (AMT) questionnaire and mini mental state examination (MMSE), balance status was assessed using the Tinetti mobility test (TMT) and its balance and gait sub- scores, depression was detected using the geriatric depression scale-15 (GDS-15). The participants were monitored for the falls occurrence its complications by daily call with caregivers and filling out the special forms for the recording of the falls occurrence by the head nurse. Data were analyzed using univariate and multivariable Cox-regression models. Results: The mean age of the participants was76.02 (8.82) years and the mean follow-up days was 754.40±189.26 days. 44 cases of falls were recorded during follow-up (over two years). The fall rate was 22.7 subjects per 100 participants per year. History of stroke, Parkinson's disease, visual loss, taking antidepressants, TMT score and TMT balance sub-score after adjustment (for age, sex, body mass index and survival time) were associated with falls. Conclusion: The falls among nursing home elderly residents were associated with a history of chronic diseases such as stroke and Parkinson's diseases, visual acuity, use of antidepressants and the TMT and its balance sub score.

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Background: Because of various health problems, the risk of the death in the elderly is higher than adults. The purpose of this study was to investigate the causes of the death, and comparing the cause of death that recorded on the death certificates and those were extracted from the medical records review. Methods: Variables included the demographic characteristics (age and sex), time of death and the cause of death were recorded in the death certifies and those were extracted from the medical records. Results: The mean of death age was 83.8 (8.50) years and in women and men were 84.2 and 81.5 years, respectively, (P < 0.01).The most prevalent cause of death was sudden cardiac death based on both death certificates recorded and review of medical records were 42.5% and 25.9% respectively. Sudden cardiac death in both methods was higher in women than men. Using the kappa, the highest degree of correspondence about the cause of death between two method was about gastrointestinal bleeding (K = 0.76) and then the cancers (K = 0.71) and respiratory infections (K =0.67). Total Kappa of two methods for causes of mortality was 0.50. The most cases of death were reported during 12:00 – 13:59 and 8:00 – 9:59am, time period (16.2 % and 14.1% respectively). Conclusion: the causes of deaths, which are recorded in the elderly nursing homes, do not have enough accuracy. Due to the high incidence of sudden cardiac death in elderly in nursing homes, resuscitation facilities and teams may be helping to reduce these types of death.

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Background: One of the common problems of the elderly, which increase of its prevalence with aging is the dementia and the cognitive impairment. We can help the involved patients to have a better quality of life with early diagnosis of the cognitive impairment. The aim of this study was an assessment of the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the abbreviated mental test (AMT) among the older people in a nursing home setting. Methods: 176 eligible elderly people aged ≥ 60 years living in KahrizakCharity Foundation (KCF), were selected randomly based on medical record number. Demographic information and past medical history of the participants were collected. Geriatric depression scale 15 (GDS-15), global deterioration scale (GDS) forms and also the Persian version of the abbreviated mental test (AMT) were administered. The participants were assigned to two groups the normal and impaired cognitive groups, based on DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. The GDS cut-points were used for assessment of validity, sensitivity and specificity of the Persian version of AMT. Results: The mean age of the participants was 77.30 (7.94) years. The Persian version of AMT had good discriminated validity in diagnosis of normal and impaired cognitive participants (7.35 ± 2.33 and 5.99 ± 2.29, P < 0.01 respectively) and at cut-point AMT< 8,(based on GDS cut-point) it had a sensitivity and specificity 92.15 % and 81.50% respectively. The sensitivity and specificity based on theism IVcriteriawere 64.9% and 64.0% at cut-off point equal to 7, respectively. The internal consistency of the Persian version of AMT was acceptable (Cronbach’salpha coefficient =0. 76). As well as the external reliability (intra-rater) of this instrument was good inter-class correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.89) Conclusion: The Persian version of the AMT has appropriate validity and reliability in Iranian older people.

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Background: Although several tools for evaluating and screening of cognitive status have been introduced, most of them are not applicable in Iranian elderly population because of cultural differences and high illiteracy rate. This study is report of "Brief Cognitive Assessment Tool"(BCAT) was developed as a cognitive status-evaluating test and reported psychometric characteristics.
Methods: the BCAT tool includes memory assessment using three words recall test with a rating similar to Mini-Cog and the functional status including "ability to dress", "ability to use the phone," " ability to manage own medications", among both two sexes and financial management capabilities in men and ability to prepare food in women. Functional rating is different in educated and non-educated people. Diagnosis of dementia is considered, when memory impairment is accompanied by the dysfunction. Eighty-six residents of a nursing home (41 men and 45 women) among who had inclusion and no had exclusion criteria also consent to participate were randomly enrolled. Concurrent validity was shown as correlation coefficient between the BCAT categorization and score of mini meAntal state examination (MMSE). Criterion validity, sensitivity and specificity of BCAT were evaluated based on global deterioration scale (GDS). Reliability of two raters results within two weeks was indicated by Kappa coefficient.
Results: The sensitivity and specificity and accuracy rate of the BCAT based the GDS was 88.6%, 82.6%, and 84.9%, respectively. The correlation between the MMSE score and results of the BCAT classifying was significant. The Kappa coefficient between the results of two raters was 81.1%.
Conclusion: It seems that the BCAT has good psychometric properties to recognize cognitive impairment among Iranian older adults.

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Background: The aging of the population is a great challenge of the public health in this century. The health promotion of the elderly people requires a comprehensive and accurate understanding of their health status.
Methods: This cross-sectional study has assessed the health status of 191 old people ≥ 60 in Sistan and Balouchestan province that selected by a multi-level cluster random sampling. General health data was collected using SF-36 questionnaire, nutrition status was assessed using Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), depression status was detected by the geriatric depression scale-15 (GDS-15), functional status was assessed using the activity daily living (ADL) and instrumental activity daily living (IADL) questionnaires, as well as, the information about demographic, history of diseases, vaccination, participation in social activities, and the utilization of elderly care services were evaluated by an approved questionnaire. History of hypertension was asked from the participants. Moreover the blood pressures of them were twice measured.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 69.81 (8.32) years. The health status was reported excellent and bad by 4.2% and 9.4% of the participants, respectively. The prevalence of fall in recent year, memory disorder, hearing and visual impairment, and malnutrition were 35.3%, 15.6%, 30.3%, 56.6%, and 8.9%, respectively. The prevalence of dependency in "activity of daily living" and "instrumental activity of daily living" were 25.8% and 58.2%, respectively.
Conclusion: It seems that the prevalence of malnutrition, impaired ADL and IADL, and memory impairment in the older population of Sistan and Baluchestan are above the national and global averages.
 

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Background: Elderly people need more receiving health services. Planning to provide services at regional and national levels requires information about the health status of the elderly. This study was performed to assess the health status of East Azarbaijan province.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 436 subjects were enrolled (180 men and 258 women) aged ≥ 60 years using multi-level proportioned cluster Random sampling from 19 cities of the province.
Data was collected by a demographic questionnaire , measuring  anthropometric characteristics, and blood pressure and  using "Mini  Nutritional Assessment" ,”Geriatric Depression Scale-15 ", “Katz’s Activity of daily living”,  and "Lawton’s Instrumental activities of daily living”.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 69.31 years.  The self-reported prevalence of diabetes was 34.2%. The prevalence of hypertension in the elderly was 52.5%. The most common complaint of the participants was pain (60.9%). Totally, 46.9% had a difficulty in walking, 44.3% visually impaired, and 26.4% suffered from hearing impairment. Moreover, 44.8% of sleep disorders was found. Also 26% of the participants had depressed mood.
Conclusion: Elderly residents of East Azerbaijan province, has probably a better health status than the average Iranian elderly. However, there is a high prevalence of hypertension and diabetes among older adults of this province that need to more pay attention.

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Background: Alborz Province is one of the provinces that accepted immigrants. Immigration has a profound effect on physical and mental health in elderly. This study was performed to assess the health status of Alborz province older population.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 235 subjects were enrolled (113 men and 122 women) aged ≥ 60 years using multi-level proportionated cluster random sampling that selected from 19 cities of this province. Data was collected by a demographic questionnaire, measuring anthropometric characteristics, and blood pressure and using "Mini Nutritional Assessment", ”Geriatric Depression Scale-15 ", “Katz’s Activity of daily living”, and "Lawton’s Instrumental activities of daily living”. Data was analyzed with spss21.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 68(6.00) years.  The prevalence of anxiety and depression among the participants was as 51.5% and 34%, respectively. At risk or malnutrition was observed in 27% of the participants and 54.5% had suffered dental problems and 49.8% also had problem in walking.
Conclusion: Overall, the health status of elderly people in the Alborz, perhaps slightly better than the national average, but the high prevalence of metabolic disorders also the high prevalence of depression and anxiety require serious intervention by policy makers to promote the health in elderly.

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Background: The adipokines omentin-1, vaspin, and retinol binding protein-4 (RBP-4) are mediators of body composition and adipose tissue that contribute to metabolic changes caused by obesity. The aim of this study was to determine the association between serum levels of these adipokines with body composition indices and metabolic status in different phenotypes of body size.
Methods: In the present cross-sectional study, a total of 350 women, including 127 metabolically healthy (MH) subjects and 223 metabolically unhealthy (MUH) subjects participated. The subjects were considered as MH in the presence of at least 4 of the five following metabolic indices: TG ≤ 1.70  mmol/L, LDL-C≤ 2.60 mmol /L, TC≤ 5.20 mmol /L, HDL-C≥1.30, and HOMA-IR≤ 1.95; otherwise subjects were considered as MUH.
Results: The results showed that serum levels of omentin-1 have a significant positive association with MHS (OR = 1.04, p <0.0001). Even after controlling the confounding factors of age, sex and weight, this relationship was still significant. Plasma levels of vaspin and RBP-4 were not significantly related to MHS. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between omentin-1 and body mass index (r = 0.31, p = 0.02) and body fat percentage (r = 0.32, P = 0.02) in MH subjects. In the healthy group, serum levels of RBP-4 were positively correlated with fat percentage (r = 0.68, p <0.0001) and body fat mass (r = 0.74, P <0.0001) and were negatively correlated with fat-free mass (r = -0.74, P <0.0001) and total body water (r = -0.76, P <0.0001). There was no statistically significant correlation between serum vaspin levels and body composition indices in both groups.
Conclusion: Serum levels of adipokines may be an appropriate predictor for metabolically healthy status. Further studies in this field can reveal possible mechanisms.

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Background Due to the high prevalence of diabetes in the general population and companionship with psychiatric disorders, this study was aimed to examine the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy in reducing anxiety and improving social function in patients with diabetes.
Methods: This was a semi-experimental design with pretest-posttest and control group. The Community of study included all diabetic patients have been admitted to the Shahid Mohammadi hospital of Bandarabbas in the first half of 1395. The participants (24 people) were selected using available sampling and subsequently assigned into a control and an experimental group. The Members of the experimental group received dialectical behavior therapy for 8 sessions but the control group received no intervention. Beck Anxiety and California social adjustment were applied as pre-test and post-test. The obtained data were analyzed by MANCOVA method.
Results: The results of MANCOVA showed that dialectical behavior therapy was significantly effective in reducing anxiety and improving social adjustment in diabetic patients.
Conclusion: Based on these results it is necessary to improve the psychological rehabilitation of diabetic patients by applying the more effective interventions.
 

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Background: Diabetes mellitus is a worldwide prevalence of metabolic diseases and its important complications are gastrointestinal disturbances. A wide range of studies have been conducted on the physicochemical traits and pharmacological effects of curcumin on different diseases like diabetes and cancer. However, the poor oral bioavailability and instability of curcumin had greatly limited its further applications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Nanocurcumin on the oxidative stress and tissue changes of small intestine in diabetic mice.
Methods: In this experimental study, animals were divided to five groups: Control, sham, diabetic (Intraperitoneal injection of 120 mg/kg of Streptozotocin) and diabetic groups treated with Nanocurcumin (7.5 and 15 mg/kg body weight) for 21days. At the end of experiment, catalase (CAT) activity and Malondialdehyde (MDA) level were measured in intestinal tissue. For histological assessment, villi length and crypt depth in small intestine were investigated.
Results: The oral administration of Nanocurcumin significantly increased intestinal CAT activity (P<0.05) and decreased MDA level (P<0.001). Also, the Villi length in diabetic groups treated with Nanocurcumin showed a significant increase compared to diabetic group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that Nanocurcumin has a protective effect on diabetes-induced digestive disorders due to its antioxidant properties.
 

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Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic diseases and the patient's quality of life plays an important role in controlling the disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of quality of life in the relationship between depression, stress and anxiety, with severity of diabetes.
Methods: 108 patients with type 2 diabetes (57 women, 51 males) participated in this study. The participants completed the 21st-DASS Questionnaire, a quality of life questionnaire (SF-36), and a demographic questionnaire.
Results: The results of the study showed that the severity of the disease was negatively correlated with quality of life and positively correlated with anxiety, depression and stress (P <0.01). The results of path analysis also indicated the mediating role of quality of life in the relationship between depression and anxiety and the severity of type 2 diabetes.
Conclusion: Based on the results, it is necessary to consider psychological interventions in order to reduce depression and anxiety and improve the quality of life of patients in the field of diabetes management.

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Background: Osteoporosis is one of the most important health problems in the country due to fracture. Osteoporosis Research Center with more than 20 years of experience in this field tries to present achievements and activities of the management and treatment of osteoporosis in the country while introducing this center. This review aims to overview the osteoporosis research center activities on osteoporosis.
Methods: In these conventional review national and international databases were investigated on osteoporosis without any restriction on time and language. Also, other activities that are not reflected in the papers were obtained from the professional website and official reports.
Results: According to the strategic plan of the osteoporosis research center, the achievements of this center provided in in three areas of research (population-based studies, clinical studies, basic science studies and health system studies), technology (diagnostic, therapeutic technologies, service delivery models) and education (training students at different levels of education). Supplementary, patient education, general education, and service provider training).
Conclusion: Osteoporosis Research Center is recognized as the only specialized research center in the field of osteoporosis in the country. The center is trying to improve its position as a regional center in the field of osteoporosis by relying on its strategic and operational plan, in addition to maintaining its current position.
 

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Background: This review study aims to shade light on the effects of carrying out interventions and policies in order to reduce the incidence and prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and their behavioral risk factors (i.e., unhealthy diet, insufficient physical activity and smoking) and strategies and approaches to reduce their attributed burden.
Method: In this research, the documents and reports available in the Ministry of Health, developed action plans, recommendations of national and international organizations, evidence gathered from monitoring and evaluations and the "National Action Plan and Control of Non-Communicable Diseases and Related Risk Factors in the Islamic Republic of Iran, 2015-2025" were investigated with respect to  each of the three main risk factors of NCDs, including unhealthy diet, insufficient physical activity, and smoking (harmful consumption of alcohol has been reviewed in another article). Each risk factor has been discussed separately in the sections describing the current situation, policies and implemented interventions, findings, and future plans.
Results: The implemented interventions and policies to achieve the goals stated in the "National Action Plan and Control of Non-Communicable Diseases and Related Risk Factors in the Islamic Republic of Iran, 2015-2025" in the field of unhealthy nutrition, resulted in revising the food standards. Interventions in the field of physical activity have caused a 1.5% reduction in the relative prevalence of sedentary behavior in the society. Our research also revealed that interventions in the field of tobacco consumption have led a total decrease of 7.44% among Iranian people over 18 years of age, but a decrease in the use of hookah is not recorded, and its consumption has increased by 28% in 2021 compared to 2011.
Conclusion: According to the findings, the goals stated in the aforementioned document have not been fully achieved, so new interventions and policies should be used by those involved.

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Background: The role of the immune system and inflammation in controlling metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, obesity and overweight is well established. Also, physical activity controls and prevents the occurrence of metabolic diseases, which has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects. The aim of the present study was to study the effect of eight weeks of 10, 20, 30 seconds exercise training on the levels of antimicrobial factors in the saliva of obese adolescent boys.
Methods: 32 male students voluntarily participated in the present study and were randomly assigned to four groups: 1) obese aerobic exercise, 2) normal weight aerobic exercise, 3) obese control without exercise, and 4) normal weight control without exercise. The criteria for the obese group was a BMI above 25. Anthropometric indices of height, weight and body mass index were measured exactly. Before and after eight weeks of practice, Shatell-Run standard test was performed. Salivary samples of lysozyme, lactoferrin, lactate and C-reactive protein concentrations were taken after eight weeks of training with a frequency of three sessions per week with an intensity of 30 to 90% of maximum aerobic power. Using analysis of covariance, variables with a significance level of less than (P≤0.05) were included in the analysis.
Results: The results showed a significant increase in salivary levels of lactoferrin (P=0.001), lysozyme (P=0.003), lactate (P=0.001), and C-reactive protein (P=0.006). There are more obese students than people of normal weight (Youth body mass index criterion)
Conclusion: The increased response of some antibacterial and inflammatory salivary proteins after eight weeks of 10-20-30 sports training following exhaustive activity may be due to the acute response of the immune system.

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Background: Several proteins regulate the autophagy pathway, and one of the most important regulators is the BECLIN family proteins. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the effect of high-intensity interval training on the amount of BECLIN1/2 family autophagy proteins in the left ventricle of the heart of rats with type 1 diabetes. 
Methods: In this experimental study, 18 three-month-old male Sprague Dawley rats with an average weight of 300±20 grams were selected. 12 rats were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes through intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin solution. These rats were randomly divided into two groups, diabetic exercise, and diabetic control; A healthy control group was also considered; The HIIT was performed for 6 weeks and 4 sessions each week including 5 bursts of 4 minutes with an intensity equal to 85-95% of the maximum speed and 3-minute active rest periods with an intensity equal to 50-60% of the maximum speed. Data analysis was done through one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc tests in SPSS version 26 software. A significance level of 0.05 was considered.
Results: The intracellular content of BECLIN1 and BECLIN2 protein showed a significant decrease between the research groups in the left ventricle of the heart after six weeks of HIIT (p=0.0001).
Conclusion: It seems that BECLIN family proteins are decreased by HIIT and this can decrease the autophagy mechanism in cardiac cells.

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Background: Muscle atrophy is one of the serious complications of type 1 diabetes. Important cellular mechanisms including pathways related to mTOR protein are very important in regulating muscle mass; Therefore, this research was conducted to investigate the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on the intracellular content of the central protein of mechanical target of rapamycin 1/2 complexes in EDL skeletal muscle of rats with type 1 diabetes.
Methods: In this experimental study, 12 three-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats with an average weight of 300±20 grams were selected. Type 1 diabetes was induced through intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin solution (50 mg/kg of body weight). These rats were randomly divided into two groups, diabetic exercise, and diabetic control; The training group performed HIIT for six weeks at an intensity of 85-95% of maximum speed. Data analysis was done through an independent t-test in SPSS software version 28. A significance level of 0.05 was considered.
Results: The intracellular content of total and phosphorylated forms of mTOR protein showed a significant increase after six weeks of HIIT (P=0.0001). Also, the ratio of total to phosphorylated intracellular content of mTOR protein showed a significant increase in the training group compared to the control group (P=0.0001).
Conclusion: HIIT increased the intracellular content of total and phosphorylated forms of mTOR protein, which could possibly lead to protein synthesis and increased muscle hypertrophy.

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Background: Aging and consuming a high-fat diet lead to increased oxidative damage to various tissues, oxidative stress is a critical factor in the aging process that can cause direct damage to cellular structure. This study aimed to investigate the Effects of 8 Weeks of HIIT Training on the Nrf2 Gene Expression, lipid peroxidation and Insulin resistance in the pancreas tissue of Aged rats fed a high-fat diet.
Methods: In this experimental study, 20 aged male Wistar rats (age: 18 months and mean weight: 500±100 gr) were randomly divided into four groups including normal food control G1 (n=5), normal food + training G2 (n=5), high-fat food G3 (n=5) and high-fat food +training G4 (n=5). The high intensity interval training program was performed on a treadmill, three days a week for eight weeks. Nrf2 gene expression was performed using real-time PCR and malondialdehyde levels, glucose and insulin were measured using a kit and ELISA method. Data were analyzed by MANOVA test at the P<0.05.
Results: The results of the MANOVA statistical test on the interactive effect of training and diet indicated a significant difference in the insulin resistance index (P = 0.017 and F = 7.17). However, no significant effect was observed for the insulin factor (P = 0.30 and F = 1.13), glucose (P = 0.116 and F = 2.75), MDA (P = 0.87 and F = 0.028), and Nrf2 (P = 0.816 and F = 0.056).
Conclusion: In general, it can be stated that HIIT training in this research can improve insulin resistance by affecting the expression of the Nrf2 transcription factor gene by reducing the oxidant activity in aged rats.

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Background: Adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase (AMPK) is a key regulator of cellular metabolism, and its dysregulation is associated with metabolic diseases such as obesity, inflammation, diabetes, and cancer. Therefore, the purpose of this research is the effect of moderate intensity interval training (MIIT) on the total and phosphorylated content of AMPKα1/2 protein in the skeletal muscle of diabetic rats.
Methods: In this experimental study, 12 two-month-old male Sprague Dawley rats with an average weight of 280±30 grams were selected. Diabetes was induced to rats through intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin solution (with a dose of 65 mg per kg of body weight). These rats were randomly divided into two groups, diabetic training and diabetic control; The training group performed MIIT for 6 weeks at an intensity equal to 55-75% of maximum speed. Data analysis was done through independent t-test in GraphPad Prism version 10 software. The significance level of the current research is P≤0.05.
Results: Total intracellular content of AMPKα1/2 protein did not show significant changes in the training group compared to the control group in the soleus skeletal muscle (P=0.96). In contrast, the phosphorylated intracellular content (P=0.0001) and the ratio of phosphorylated to total form (P=0.002) of AMPKα1/2 protein showed a significant increase.
Conclusion: MIIT increased the protein content of AMPKα1/2 in soleus muscle tissue of diabetic rats, and this could lead to increased energy production and consumption and improved glucose levels in diabetic subjects.
 

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Background: Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance and hyperglycemia and can lead to heart disease. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of MIIT on the S6K1 pathway in the myocardium, which is related to the control of cell growth and proliferation.
Methods: In this study, 12 two-month-old male Sprague Dawley rats with an average weight of 280±30 grams participated. To induce diabetes, nicotinamide and streptozotocin solutions were injected with a dose of 110 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg, respectively. The blood sugar of rats was determined between 126-260 mg/dL as an indicator of type 2 diabetes. After the induction of diabetes, the rats were randomly divided into diabetic training group (6 heads) and diabetic control group (6 heads). The diabetic training group trained for 4 weeks and 4 sessions every week. 24 hours after the last training session, the left ventricle of heart was isolated and the amount of protein was measured by western blotting method. Variables were analyzed through independent t-tests. The significance level of study was considered P≤0.05.
Results: The analysis of the data showed that the intracellular content of total, phosphorylated and the ratio of total to phosphorylated S6K1 protein did not show any significant change after 4 weeks of MIIT.
Conclusions: It seems that after 4 weeks of MIIT, S6K1 protein does not change significantly, so it seems that the duration and intensity of training and nutritional conditions to increase S6K1 phosphorylation should be considered in future research.
 

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Background: Type 1 diabetes is characterized by persistent hyperglycemia and leads to impaired protein synthesis and ultimately muscle breakdown and reduction in muscle function. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) on the amount of 4EBP1 in the biceps muscle of type 1 diabetic rats.
Methods: The present study is of experimental-fundamental type in which 12 2-month-old male Sprague Dawley rats with an average weight of 280±30 grams participated. To induce type 1 diabetes, streptozotocin (STZ) solution was injected intraperitoneally at a dose of 65 mg/kg. 3 days after injection, blood sugar above 300 mg/dl was considered as an indicator of type 1 diabetes. After the induction of diabetes, the rats were randomly divided into 2 diabetic training groups (6 heads) and diabetic control groups (6 heads). The continuous training program (32 minutes with an intensity of 50-70% of maximum speed) was 8 weeks and 3 sessions every week. Data analysis was done through independent t-tests. Data analysis was done using GraphPad Prism software version 10.2.2. The significance level of the present study was considered P≤0.05.
Results: In the training group after 8 weeks of MICT, the intracellular content of phosphorylated (P=0.0001), total (P=0.0001) and the ratio of phosphorylated to total (P=0.002) protein 4EBP1 showed a significant change compared to the control group in the twin muscle tissue.
Conclusion: 4EBP1 protein seems to increase through 8 weeks of MICT and this mechanism can increase muscle synthesis in muscle tissue.