Fatemeh Rostai, Samaneh Fallah Karimi, Zahra Khalilzadeh Farsangi, Fatiheh Kerman Saravi,
Volume 25, Issue 6 (1-2026)
Abstract
Background: Diabetes is a chronic condition that can significantly impairs quality of life and requires long-term care due to its complications. Effective self-care education plays a key role in blood glucose control and in the prevention of diabetes-related complications. Telenursing is considered a promising approach to enhance self-care education in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: This study was a systematic review conducted using a three-stage search strategy. Using Persian and English keywords including "telenursing," "self-care," and "diabetes," as well as their MeSH equivalents, relevant literature was searched in Persian databases (Magiran, SID) and international databases (PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar) within the time frame of 2000 to 2023. After applying inclusion criteria, 17 out of 1,092 retrieved articles were selected for final review and analysis.
Results: A total of 1,092 articles were initially retrieved. After removing duplicates and applying the inclusion criteria, 17 relevant articles were included in the review. These studies evaluated the use of telenursing—either via telephone or in combination with other technologies—for effectively improving self-care behaviors in diabetic patients.
Conclusion: The findings indicated that telephone calls can serve as a potential method of remote nursing care for educating patients on diabetes self-management. Nurses can utilize telenursing as an effective and efficient educational tool to enhance blood glucose control in diabetic patients. This approach not only improves the quality of healthcare services but also empowers patients to manage their disease more consciously and prevent its complications.
Najmeh Seifi, Niloufar Abdollahpour, Gelare Koochakpoor, Nioosha Samadi, Habibollah Esmaily, Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan,
Volume 26, Issue 2 (7-2026)
Abstract
Background: Dietary acid load is thought to contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome through effects on acid–base balance with evidence being inconsistent. This study aimed to examine the associations between dietary acid load indices, Dietary Acid Load (DAL), Potential Renal Acid Load (PRAL), and Net Endogenous Acid Production (NEAP) and risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in an Iranian adult cohort.
Methods: 6,482 adults aged 35-65 years were enrolled from the Mashhad Stroke and Atherosclerosis Study. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire, and dietary acid load indices were calculated. Participants were followed for nearly 10 years. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations of DAL, PRAL, and NEAP with the incidence of metabolic syndrome, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, adjusting for major confounders.
Results: Following adjustment, no significant associations were found between DAL indices and the incidence of metabolic syndrome or its components. DAL odds ratio (OR) for the highest versus lowest tertile was 0.984 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.815–1.188; p= 0.868]. For PRAL, the OR was 1.024 (95% CI: 0.865–1.212; p= 0.782), and for NEAP, the OR was 0.902 (95% CI: 0.763–1.066; p= 0.227). None of the indices were significantly related to new cases of diabetes, hypertension, or dyslipidemia (all p> 0.05).
Conclusion: In this Iranian adult cohort, DAL indices were not associated with the risk of metabolic syndrome or its components. Further studies in populations with different dietary habits are needed to clarify potential threshold effects or effect modifiers.
