Showing 146 results for Training
Iraj Khaleghi, Eidy Alijani, Alireza Rahimi, Mahsa Mohsenzadh,
Volume 22, Issue 1 (4-2022)
Abstract
Background: Diabetic disorders can lead to muscle atrophy. The aim of this study was to investigate the combination of resistance training and endothelial progenitor cell injection on the expression of horseshoe muscle atrophy factor in diabetic rats.
Methods: 30 rats (6 weeks old weighing 200 20 200 g) were randomly divided into five groups: healthy baseline, control diabetic, trained diabetic, non-trained diabetic by endothelial progenitor cell injection, diabetic trained by simultaneous injection Endothelial progenitor cells were divided. Heat 25 was measured by Western blotting to evaluate changes in protein expression. Data were analyzed by two-factor analysis of variance test by SPSS software version 19 at a significance level of α≥ 5%.
Results: In this study, 6 weeks of resistance training had no significant effect on the expression of heat shock protein 25. But injection of endothelial progenitor cells resulted in a significant increase in the expression of heat shock protein 25. The interactive effect of resistance training and progenitor cell injection on heat shock protein 25 was not significant, in other words, there was no significant superiority over training and injection at the same time as training or injection alone.
Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, it can be stated that injection of endothelial progenitor cells can improve muscle wasting but resistance training alone was not effective. Also, the combination of these two strategies was not superior in reducing the complications of atrophy in diabetic rats.
Fahimeh Kalhor, Sajad Arshadi, Ardeshir Zafari, Abdolali Banaeifar,
Volume 22, Issue 1 (4-2022)
Abstract
Background: Obesity has been recognized as one of the top 10 health problems by the World Health Organization. The purpose of the present study was to the effect of aerobic training on atrogin, eotaxin and IL-10 indices in obese women.
Method: The present applied research was a quasi-experimental study in which 30 obese women aged 30-45 years were selected by available method from South Tehran Azad University (2016-2017) and randomly divided into two groups of aerobic exercise and control. 24 hours before the start of training, the individual characteristics of the subjects and the research variables (atrogen, eutoxin and IL-10) were measured in blood tissue, then the subjects of the experimental group had their training program for 8 weeks, 3 They performed one session per week and each session lasted 45-60 minutes under the supervision of a researcher. Dependent and independent t-test was used to analyze the data.
Results: Due to the lack of differences in pre-test scores, it was found that the groups were identical. It was also found that 8 weeks of aerobic exercise had a significant effect on the levels of eutoxin, atrogen and interleukin-10 in obese women (p = 0.001)
Conclusion: According to the research results, it is recommended that obese women exercise aerobically. Use to reduce the negative effects of obesity.
Elham Mokhtari, Amir Sarshin, Foad Feizolahi, Eidi Alijani,
Volume 22, Issue 2 (7-2022)
Abstract
Background: Type 1 diabetes is associated with decreased skeletal muscle capillary and improper regulation of angiogenesis pathways in skeletal muscle. This research intended to study the effect of resistance training and endothelial stem cell injection on βeta-actin, phosphorylated and total AKT of skeletal muscle in type 1 diabetic rats.
Methods: In this experimental study, 36 male Wistar rats (age 6 weeks) were divided into six groups of control (healthy), basal diabetic control, diabetic control, diabetes + stem cell injection, diabetes + resistance training and diabetes + stem cell injection + resistance training. In this study, rats became diabetic intraperitoneally using streptozotocin as a single dose of 40 mg/kg. Resistance exercises including climbing a one-meter ladder with weights hanging from the tail were performed for 17 sessions. 500,000 bone-derived stem cells were injected by a cell counter. The levels of βeta-actin, phosphorylated and total AKT in skeletal muscle tissue of rat were measured by using the Western blotting method.
Results: The results showed that resistance training led to significant increase in Pho-AKT, β-actin and Pho-AKT/AKT ratio and significant decrease in AKT of muscle tissue in type 1 diabetic rats (P<0.001). Injection of stem cells leads to significant increase in Pho-AKT and Pho-AKT/AKT ratio and resistance training with simultaneous injection of stem cells leads to significant increase in Pho-AKT, β-actin and significant decrease in Akt of muscle tissue in type 1 diabetic rats (P<0.001).
Conclusion: According to the results, it is possible that the intervention of resistance training with injection of stem cells can help regulate the pathways of skeletal muscle angiogenesis in type 1 diabetes.
Suren Valafar, Eydi Alijani, Fariba Aghai, Mahsa Mohsenzadeh,
Volume 22, Issue 2 (7-2022)
Abstract
Background: Diabetes, as a progressive disease, can lead to decreased immune function. therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the simultaneous effect of resistance training and endothelial progenitor cell injection on immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM, IgG) of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
Methods 30 rats (aged 6 weeks with a mean weight of 200±20 g) were randomly divided into groups including Diabetes + stem cell injection + resistance training (n = 6), diabetes + resistance training (n = 6), diabetes + stem cell injection (n = 6), control diabetes (n = 6) and healthy basal (n = 6) Were divided. Western blotting was used to evaluate the changes in immunoglobulins. Also, two-way analysis of variance was used for comparison between and within the group, and for better understanding of the results, the effect size, and the amount of 95% confidence interval were given.
Results: The results showed that IgA (P = 0.022), IgM (P = 0.017), IgG (P = 0.045) had significant changes between groups. Also, there was a significant difference in all three variables between the control diabetes group and the diabetes + resistance training + injection group (P≤0.05).
Conclusion: Summarizing the results of the present study, it can probably be said that resistance training and simultaneous injection of endothelial progenitor cells improve the status of immunoglobulins by training and injection. These findings suggest that resistance training and injections can be used as a treatment to improve the function of the immune system due to diabetes.
Morteza Chenari, Alireza Rahimi, Amir Sarshin, Foad Feizolahi,
Volume 22, Issue 2 (7-2022)
Abstract
Background: Damage to the heart tissue in diabetics causes inflammation and destruction of heart cells, which in turn leads to apoptosis or cell death. The aim of this study was to investigate compare the effect of six weeks of aerobic and resistance training on apoptotic indice of caspase-8 and catalase in the heart tissue of male diabetic rats.
Method: In this experimental study, 24 male Wistar rats were divided into six groups: aerobic training, resistance training, aerobic sham, resistance sham, control and healthy. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of streptozotocin in the amount of 30 mg per kg. The aerobic and resistance training program was performed for six weeks. Western blotting was used to measure caspase-8 and catalase. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test at the P<0.05.
Results: The results showed that the mean difference of caspase-8 between aerobic training group and healthy group (P=0.752), resistance training group with healthy group (P=0.723) and resistance training with aerobic training group (P=1.00) were significant. Caspase 8 was lower in the aerobic exercise group than in the resistance exercise group. The difference between the mean catalase between the aerobic training group with the healthy group (P=0.024) and the aerobic training group with the resistance training group (P=0.023) was significant and the amount of catalase in the resistance training group was higher than aerobic training.
Conclusion: Aerobic and resistance training can reduce the apoptotic index of caspase-8 and increase catalase in the heart tissue of diabetic rats.
Mahdi Faramoushi , Ramin Amirsasan,
Volume 22, Issue 2 (7-2022)
Abstract
Background: Over the years type 2 diabetes, in addition to causing irreversible effects on various parts of the body, also causes liver dysfunction and increases the risk of heart failure, but due to the lack of physical symptoms, less attention has been paid. So, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of 8 weeks of endurance training on diabetic indexes and myocardial GLUT4 and liver enzymes of type 2 diabetic rats.
Methods: A total number of 24 rats (220±20) were divided randomly into three groups; 1-Non-diabetic Control group (NC, n=8). 2-Diabetic Control group (D, n=8) To induce type 2 diabetes, high-fat diets were given to rats for two weeks, then streptozotocin (Aldrich company) at a dose of 37 mg / kg in citrate buffer M0.1 (PH4.5) after 6 hours of intraperitoneal fasting was injected, For the healthy control group, the same amount of buffer was injected. Also, aerobic exercise groups ran 5 times a week and 8 weeks on a motorized treadmill. Diabetic index’s, myocardial GLUT4 (Western blotting) and liver enzymes (ELISA) of rats were measured.
Results: Endurance training significantly decreased fasting blood glucose, insulin resistance index (both P= 0.00). It also caused a significant increase in insulin (P= 0.01) and insulin sensitivity index (P= 0.00) compared to the diabetic control group. On the other hand, the amount of GLUT4 in the training group increased significantly (P= 0.01). The results also showed that in comparison with the diabetic control group, ALT and AST did not increase significantly in diabetics with endurance training (P= 0.30, P= 0.5, respectively).
Conclusion: Based on the results, it seems that endurance training significantly increases the level of GLUT4 in the heart and significantly decreased diabetic parameters such as fasting glucose, HOMA-IR index and liver enzymes.
Porya Mohammadiyan, Davood Khorshidi, Fatemeh Kiani,
Volume 22, Issue 2 (7-2022)
Abstract
Background: Fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) is directly associated with increased risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT) on FTO expression of subcutaneous fat tissue in T2DM rats.
Methods: In this experimental study, twelve males Wistar rats (220±10 g) with T2DM induced by streptozotocin-nicotinamide injection were randomly divided into exercise (n=6) and control (n=6) groups. The training group performed the HIIT protocol on a treadmill for 12 weeks and 5 days per week. FTO expression in subcutaneous fatty tissue, blood glucose level, insulin and insulin resistance were measured 48 hours after the last training session. Data were analyzed by independent T test at P< 0.05.
Results: Blood glucose level, insulin resistance and FTO expression in fat tissue decreased significantly in training groups compared to control group after the exercise intervention (P˂0.05). Serum insulin increased significantly in training groups compared to control group (P˂0.05).
Conclusion: It seems that HIIT can decrease glucose, insulin resistance and FTO expression of fat tissue of T2DM rats. Improved glycemic control in diabetic rats might be attributed to reduced FTO expression in response to HIIT.
Farshad Sadeghi, Yaser Kazemzadeh, Abdolali Banaei Far,
Volume 22, Issue 3 (9-2022)
Abstract
Background: Diabetic myopathy is one of the major problems in people with type2 diabetes that knowing its mechanisms can be helpful in controlling and preventing this disease. PAX7 and PGC-1α are two proteins involved in the renewal and metabolism of carbohydrates in skeletal muscle. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 8weeks of resistance training under hypoxia on the content of PAX7 and PGC-1α proteins in the horseshoe muscle of type 2 diabetic rats.
Methods: In this study, 40 male Wistar rats, 10weeks after induction of type2 diabetes, were divided into five groups: healthy control (HC), diabetic control (DC), resistance training (RT), and resistance training in hypoxia (RT-HPX) and hypoxia group (HPX) were divided. Resistance exercises were performed for 8 weeks, 5 sessions per week, in the groups of resistance training and resistance training in hypoxia. The intensity of the exercises started from 30% of the weight of the rats initial and reached 100% of their weight until the end of the training. Resistance training in hypoxia. Hypoxia tent with14.4%oxygen was used to create hypoxia. 48hours after training, tissue samples were taken from horseshoe muscle and evaluated to measure the concentration of PAX7 and PGC-1α proteins.
Results: The results showed that there is a significant difference (P=0.0001) between the research groups in both PAX7 and PGC-1α proteins. Induction of diabetes led to a significant decrease in PAX7, but the hypoxia resistance training group was not significantly different from the healthy control group (P=0.451). PGC1-α protein levels were also significantly decreased in the diabetes induction group compared to the control group (P=0.01), but training in hypoxia increased its levels to more than the healthy control group (P=0.0001).
Conclusion: Hypoxia, resistance training and combination of resistance training in hypoxia increased the amounts of PAX7 and PGC-1α proteins. Therefore, resistance training and temporary and inactive hypoxia exposure can be considered as a suggested solution to improve the indicators related to type2 diabetes in humans.
Masomeh Sarmadiyan, Eidy Aliijani, Fuad Feizolahi, Davood Khorshidi,
Volume 22, Issue 3 (9-2022)
Abstract
Background: Type 1 diabetes is a disorder caused by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic insulin-producing cells. This induction of autoimmunity may be due to genetic and environmental factors. Bax and Bcl2 proteins play an important role in the process of apoptosis.
Methods: In this study, 30 male Wistar rats weighting approximately 200±20gr were randomly selected from available rats in lab (500). Subjects after 2 weeks of familiarity with the environment were randomly divided into 5 groups of 6, including (diabetes + injection, exercise) and (diabetes + exercise) and (diabetes + injection) and (diabetes control to control the passage of time) and (basic diabetes to Defaults) under the same laboratory conditions and developed type 1 diabetes by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (stz) (60 mg / kg). Rats in the diabetic group and the diabetic group + stem cell injection had a total of 17 sessions of resistance training for 5 weeks.
Results: The results of the present study showed that there was no significant difference between the mean of Bax and Bcl2 in the resistance training group with simultaneous injection of stem cells and the training group.
Conclusion: The results of our study showed that performing 17 sessions of resistance training alone with stem cell injection was effective on the expression of Bax protein and Bcl2, but there was no significant difference between the effect of training alone and training with stem cells.
Abdol Nasser Seidi, Neda Aghaei Bahmanbeglou, Habib Asgharpour, Mozhgan Ahmadi,
Volume 22, Issue 3 (9-2022)
Abstract
Background: MAFbx and MuRF1 proteins are important factors in the ubiquitin pathway and are responsible for muscle atrophy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of long-term high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on the intracellular content of MAFbx and MuRF1 proteins in the left ventricular of the heart of rats with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: In this experimental study, 18 rats 2-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats with a mean weight of 270±20 g were selected. 12 rats became diabetic by intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin and nicotinamide solutions. These rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: diabetic training and diabetic control; A healthy control group was also considered. The training group practiced HIIT 4 days a week for 8 weeks. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 23 and one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests.
Results: MAFbx protein content showed a significant decrease after 8 weeks of HIIT (P=0.0001); Tukey post hoc test showed that this change was significant between pairs groups of diabetic training and diabetic control and also between pairs groups of diabetic control and healthy control (P=0.0001). MuRF1 protein content showed a significant decrease (P=0.0001); This was a significant difference between the pairs groups of diabetic training and diabetic control, diabetic training and healthy control groups, as well as diabetic control and healthy control groups (P=0.0001).
Conclusion: HIIT seems to can inhibit the process of atrophy and autophagy of cardiomyocytes by reducing the content of MAFbx and MuRF1 proteins in the hearts of diabetic subjects.
Zahra Badri, Maryam Delfan, Saeid Danesh Yar,
Volume 22, Issue 4 (11-2022)
Abstract
Background: Myogenin (MyoG) and Myostatin (Mstn) play role in muscle growth and wasting, respectively. The present study aimed to investigate the combined effect of High-intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and Metformin drug (Metf) on gene expression of MyoG and Mstn in skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic mice.
Methods: 25 mice (C57BL/6) were assigned to two groups, including 1) Control © (n=5), and 2) HFD (n=20). The mice of the HFD group were fed a high-fat diet for 16 weeks. After 16 weeks, the mice with over 200 mg/dl were selected as diabetic mice. Then, the diabetic mice were divided into four groups including 1) Control Diabetic (CD) (n=5), 2) Diabet with Metf (DM) (n=5), 3) Diabet with HIIT (DH) (n=5) 4) Diabet with Metf and HIIT (DMH) (n=5). The mice of experimental groups underwent the interventions for eight weeks. The Real-Time–PCR methods were used to measure the mRNA expression of MyoG and Mstn in the Rectus-Femoris muscle.
Results: HIIT (but no Metf) upregulated the gene expression of MyoG (p=0.05). Metformin did not affect Mstn expression (p=0.45), However, HIIT downregulated the expression of Mstn (p=0.001). Metformin did not affect decreasingly or incrementally the downregulating effect of HIIT on Mstn expression (p=0.95).
Conclusion: Metf may not positively or negatively affect the expression changes of MyoG and Mstn induced by HIIT in skeletal muscle of mice with type 2 diabetes.
Farideh Moradi, Neda Aghaei Bahmanbeglou, Habib Asgharpour, Saeedeh Shadmehri,
Volume 22, Issue 5 (12-2022)
Abstract
Background: Unc-51 Like Autophagy Activating Kinase-1 (ULK1) and FAK Family Kinase-Interacting Protein of 200 kDa (FIP200) play an essential role in controlling autophagy and muscle volume. The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of endurance training on the intracellular content of ULK1 and FIP200 proteins in the left ventricular of rats with type 1 diabetes.
Methods: In this experimental study, 18 rats 2-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats with a mean weight of 300±20g were selected. 12 rats became diabetic by intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin solutions. These rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: diabetic training and diabetic control (6 heads per group); A healthy control group (6 heads)was also considered. The training group practiced endurance training 4 days a week for 6 weeks. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 23 and one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests.
Results: The content of ULK1 (increase) and FIP200 (decrease) after endurance training showed a significant change among the research groups in the left ventricular (P=0.0001). Tukey's post hoc test showed that this change is significant between the pair of diabetic training groups to diabetic control, diabetic training to healthy groups, and also diabetic control to healthy groups (P≤0.05).
Conclusion: Endurance training showed that it can have a dual nature to control autophagy in diabetic subjects by increasing ULK1 and decreasing FIP200. There is a need for more investigations in the field of exercise physiology on the proteins responsible for autophagy, especially in type 1 diabetes subjects.
Sajad Mirzaei, Mohammad Sherafati Moghadam, Negin Dejdar, Mahdieh Abdi,
Volume 22, Issue 5 (12-2022)
Abstract
Background: mTOR and CREB proteins are two important factors in cellular pathways and regulating fat tissue metabolism. Therefore, the aim of this research is the effect of endurance training on the amount of mTOR and CREB proteins in the adipose tissue of type 2 diabetic rats.
Methods: In this experimental study, 18 rats 2-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats with a mean weight of 270±20g were selected. 12 rats became type 2 diabetic by intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin solutions. These rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: diabetic training and diabetic control (6 heads per group); A healthy control group (6 heads) was also considered. The training group practiced endurance training 4 days a week for 6 weeks. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 23 and one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests.
Results: mTOR protein content showed a significant change after 6 weeks of endurance training (P=0.0001); Tukey's post hoc test showed that this change was significant between the pairs of diabetic training groups to healthy controls (P=0.004) and diabetic control groups to healthy controls (P=0.0001). CREB protein content showed a significant change (P=0.0001); this change was significant between the pairs of diabetic training to diabetic control groups (P=0.02), diabetic training to healthy control (P=0.0001), and diabetic control to healthy control groups (P=0.0001).
Conclusion: mTOR and CREB proteins decreased after Endurance Training, which can be effective in regulating adipose tissue metabolism; however, more training conditions should be considered.
Mahkameh Abdollahi, Masoumeh Hosseini, Shahin Riyahi Malayeri,
Volume 22, Issue 6 (3-2023)
Abstract
Background: NRF1 and TFAM are proteins that affect mitochondrial biogenesis and play an important role in diabetes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of high intensity training (HIT) training and beetroot consumption on NRF1 and TFAM in visceral adipose tissue of aged type 2 diabetic rats.
Method: In this experimental study, 40 male rats (weight range 270-300 grams and age 12-14 weeks) diabetic with streptozotocin were randomly divided into 5 groups (healthy control, diabetic control, supplement, exercise, exercise + complement) were divided. The training groups were subjected to intense interval training with an intensity of 50 to 90% of the maximum speed for 4 weeks and 4 sessions each week and 44 minutes each session. The groups receiving the supplement received 10 mg of beetroot per kilogram of body weight daily for 4 weeks and 4 times a week orally. The data are statistically significant using two-way ANONA test and (P < 0.05) was evaluated.
Results: The results of the study showed that the induction of diabetes led to a significant decrease in the protein levels of NRF1 and TFAM, so that in the exercise group, beetroot had a significant effect on the changes of NRF1 in the visceral fat tissue of elderly rats with diabetes. (P=0.001), but the interaction of HIT training and beetroot supplement in NRF1 changes is not significant (P=0.56) and also the factor of exercise and beetroot supplement, as well as the interaction of HIT training and beetroot also has a significant effect on TFAM changes in visceral adipose tissue of elderly rats with diabetes. (P=0.001).
Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present research, it seems that high interval training with beetroot consumption can lead to an increase in NRF1 and TFAM gene expression and thus help to improve and control diabetes in the elderly.
Mahboobeh Rangraz Tabatabaei, Masoud Nikbakht, Rohollah Ranjbar, Farhad Daryanoosh, Mohsen Ghanbarzadeh,
Volume 23, Issue 1 (5-2023)
Abstract
Background: The release of adipokines from adipose tissue depots plays a key role in regulating metabolic homeostasis and several other physiological processes, including diabetes, obesity, and vascular diseases. This study investigated the effect of eight weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT) on asprosin, lipid profile and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic male rats.
Methods: 24 male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four equal groups: control (C), control traning (C+T), diabet (D) and diabet traning (D+T). Diabetes was induced by the combined method of high fat diet and low dose strepotozocin injection. The traning group performed the HIIT program on the treadmill for eight weeks. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and bonferroni post hoc test at a significance level of P<0.05.
Results: The results showed increased plasma asprosin in D group compared to C (P=0.0001) and decreased in C+T group compared to C (P=0.03) and D+T group compared to D (P=0.04). There was no significant difference in HOMA-IR between the C and C+T group (P=0.9) but decreased in D+T compared to D (P=0.0001). HDL increased in D+T group compared to the D (P=0.0001) and decreased TG and LDL (P=0.001). There was no significant difference between TG and LDL in the C group compared to the C+T, but HDL increased in C+T (P=0.01).
Conclusion: Plasma asprosin increases in rats with type 2 diabetes and HIIT can reduce the complications of diabetes by improved lipid profile and reduce asprosin and insulin resistance.
Sedigheh Babaee, Maghsoud Peere, Mohammad Ali Azarbayjani, Maryam Delfan,
Volume 23, Issue 1 (5-2023)
Abstract
Impaired insulin function with exogenous changes is a major cause of heart failure. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of four weeks of high intensity interval training with curcumin supplement on the expression of IRS-1 and IRE-1α gene in the Left ventricle of type 2 diabetic rats.
Methods: In the present experimental study, 30 male mice with diabetes were divided into five groups of 6; high intensity interval training (HIIT), High intensity interval Training+Curcumin(S+HIIT), Diabetic control+curcumin(S+DC), Diabetic Control (DC), Normal control (NC). The High intensity interval training protocol was performed five days a week for four weeks. Curcumin gavage at a dose of 100 mg/kg was performed daily. The expression of IRS-1 and IRE-1α were measured by the qReal-TimePCR method, and data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA at the alpha level of 0.05.
Results: IRS-1 gene expression in the S+HIIT group compared to the DC (P=0.003) and S+DC (P=0.001) groups and in the HIIT group compared to the DC (P=0.002), and S groups +DC had a significant decrease (P=0.019). IRE-1α gene was significantly decreased in S+HIIT group compared to DC (P=0.003), S+DC (P=0.001) and HIIT (P=0.008) groups.
Conclusion: It seems that HIIT with curcumin supplement can reduce the process of myocardial apoptosis in diabetic patients by improving metabolic conditions and genetic factors.
Sajjad Ramezani, Amaneh Porrahim Ghouroghchi, Mohsen Yaghobi, Roghayeh Afroundeh, Mina Rasouli,
Volume 23, Issue 2 (5-2023)
Abstract
Background: During recent decades, physical activity has become a key auxiliary tool in controlling many diseases, including diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of resistance training on the plasma levels of preptin and endothelin 1 in men with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: The current research is semi-experimental. The statistical sample of this study consisted of 38 men with type 2 diabetes, who were randomly divided into two groups of 19 experimental and control. Subjects in the experimental group performed 8 weeks of resistance training three sessions a week with moderate intensity. 24 hours before and after 8 weeks of training, plasma levels of preptin, endothelin 1, and indicators related to type 2 diabetes were measured by the ELISA method. Correlated t-tests and independent t-tests were used to examine intra-group changes. SPSS software was used to analyze the data (P≥ 0.05).
Results: Correlated t results showed that plasma levels of preptin and insulin resistance index (P= 0.001) as well as plasma endothelin 1 (P= 0.001) decreased significantly in the post-test compared to the pre-test of the experimental group. has been found Also, the independent t-test results showed that the plasma levels of preptin, insulin resistance index (P= 0.001) and endothelin 1 (P= 0.002) were significantly lower in the post-test of the experimental group compared to the control.
Conclusion: According to the obtained results, it seems that doing resistance exercises improves glucose sensitivity by reducing preptin and reducing the possibility of blood pressure by reducing endothelin 1 in preople with type 2 diabetes.
Moazameh Malekpour, Rasoul Rezai, Mohsen Salesi, Farhad Daryanoosh, Javad Nemati,
Volume 23, Issue 2 (5-2023)
Abstract
Background: Diabetes leads to numerous side effects in the cardiovascular system and also to improper functioning of the body's antioxidant system. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of six weeks of high-intensity interval training with coenzyme Q10 supplementation on the values of Nrf2 and NQO1 in heart muscle of elderly diabetic rats.
Methods: In this experimental study, 48 elderly male rats (18 months old) were randomly divided into four groups of intense aerobic exercise with coenzyme Q10 supplementation, intense aerobic exercise group, coenzyme Q10 supplement intake group, and control group. Induction of diabetes was done by injecting a single dose of streptozotocin in the amount of 60 mg/kg intraperitoneally. The program of high intensity interval training was done for six weeks. Coenzyme Q10 supplement group received orally at a dose of 200 mg/kg. Western blot method was used to measure Nrf2 and NQO1 values. The data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test at a significance level of P <0.05.
Results: The results showed taking coenzyme Q10 supplement (P= 0.014), intense intermittent exercise (P= 0.001) and intense intermittent exercise with coenzyme Q10 supplement (P= 0.001) significantly increased Nrf2 values in the hearts of diabetic elderly rats. Also, the use of coenzyme Q10 supplement (P=0.0366), intense intermittent exercise (P= 0.014) and intense intermittent exercise along with coenzyme Q10 supplement use (P= 0.002) significantly increased the amount of NQO1 in the hearts of diabetic aged male rats.
Conclusion: Intermittent intense training along with supplement consumption improves heart function in elderly diabetic patients through increasing endogenous antioxidant enzymes.
Behzad Azadbakht, Abbas Saremi, Mojtaba Khansooz,
Volume 23, Issue 2 (5-2023)
Abstract
Background: The effects of exercise on kidney tissue in withdrawal syndrome are unclear. In this study, the effect of 8 weeks of endurance training on the protein levels of cytochrome C, caspase 8 and caspase 3 in the kidney tissue of diabetic and diabetic rats with withdrawal syndrome was investigated.
Methods: 32 male Wistar rats were used in this experimental study. After the induction of diabetes, the rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of 8. Including: diabetes control (D), morphine diabetes (D.M), diabetes + endurance training (D.ET), morphine diabetes+endurance training (D.M.ET). Then, in addicted groups, the oral method was used for morphine dependence. The training groups performed 8 weeks of endurance training protocol. At the end of the study, all rats were anesthetized, dissected and their kidneys were separated and kept at -70 degrees for further investigations. Protein levels of the indicators of this study were measured by ELISA kits. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test at a significance level of P≤0.05.
Results: The results of this study showed a significant decrease in caspase 3 protein levels in D.ET (P=0.000), D.M.ET (P=0.000) and cytochrome C levels in D.ET (P=0.000), D.M.ET (P=0.000) groups in Comparison with group D. Also, caspase 8 protein levels in D.M.ET group (P=0.015) compared to D group and D.M.ET group (P=0.038) compared to D.M group showed a significant decrease (P≥0.05).
Conclusion: Endurance training can probably have a positive and protective effect on the reduction of kidney tissue apoptosis in diabetic and diabetic withdrawal syndrome rats.
Mousa Khalafi, Marzieh Faramarzi, Kayvan Sharifmoradi,
Volume 23, Issue 2 (5-2023)
Abstract
Background: CTRP3 is known to be an adipose tissue-derived anti-inflammatory hormone that leads to improved insulin resistance. However, the effects of exercise training on this adipokine are poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of the present meta-analysis was to investigate the effect of exercise training on circulating CTRP3 levels in adults with metabolic disorders.
Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed and Web of Science databases through October 2022 using the keywords "exercise training" and "CTRP3". The inclusion criteria for the current research included human studies with metabolic disorders, exercise training intervention, and circulating CTRP3 values. Standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval were calculated using random method.
Results: A total of 9 studies including 12 intervention arms and 365 participants with metabolic disorders were included in the meta-analysis. The results of data analysis showed that exercise training led to a significant increase in CTRP3 [0.57, (CI: 1.10 to 0.03) P=0.03]. Also, the results of the I2 test showed that there is a high and significant heterogeneity (I2 =84.59, P=0.001) and the results of the Egger test showed a significant publication bias (P=0.001).
Conclusion: Exercise training with a moderate effect size leads to a significant increase in circulating CTRP3 levels in individual with metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, which may be a mediator of the beneficial effects of exercise training.
