Showing 30 results for Endurance Training
Mahdi Maghami, Saeed Keshavarz, Rouhollah Haghshenas, Elham Eftekhari,
Volume 21, Issue 4 (10-2021)
Abstract
Background: Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases in today's society. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of endurance training and nettle consumption on the protein and gene expression of AKT, GLUT4 and insulin in male of muscle soleus of diabetic rats.
Methods: After adaptation to the environment, 40 male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: control (C), diabetes (D), nettle+diabetes (UD), exercise+diabetes (ED) and exercise+nettle+diabetes (EUD). After developing and confirming the diabetes model by injection of STZ, rats in the exercise groups performed an endurance training protocol for eight weeks and rats in the nettle groups consumed nettle extract 5 days a week. After completion of the protocol and extraction of soleus muscle, RT-PCR method was used to measure gene expression, Western blot and immunohistochemically method was used to measure protein expression of glut-4 and AKT respectively and ELIZA method was used to measure glucose and insulin.
Results: The results showed that the protein and genes expression of GLUT4 and AKT in the diabetic group compared to the control group was significantly reduced (P<0.001) while the expression of these two variables was significantly increased in the ED and EUD groups (P<0.001) that this increase was greater in the EUD group. The effect of nettle alone on the expression of these two variables was not significant. Glucose, insulin and insulin resistance increased significantly in the diabetes group, while these decreased significantly in the ED and EUD groups (P<0.001).
Conclusion: The synergist of the combination of nettle and exercise significantly improves the improve of diabetes, while each alone has little effect on diabetes-related variables.
Akbar Ghodratnama, Maryam Shabani, Mohammad Sherafati Moghadam,
Volume 21, Issue 5 (1-2022)
Abstract
Background: Diabetes is an important factor in heart defects that can lead to atrophy of heart cells. Exercise can prevent the complications of diabetes by regulating cellular factors. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of endurance and
high-intensity interval training on the content MSTN and Follistatin proteins in the left ventricular tissue of the heart of type 1 and 2 diabetic rats
Methods: In this study, 36 head 2-month-old male Sprague-Dawley male rats with a mean weight of 280±30 g were selected.
After induction of type 1 (18 head) and 2 (18 head) diabetics through streptozotocin and nicotinamide solution, each type of diabetes was randomly divided into 3 groups: endurance training, HIIT and control (6 heads per group); The training groups performed endurance (50 to 70% of maximum speed) and HIIT (intensity 85 to 95% of maximum speed) training program 4 days a week for 4 weeks; Data analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests in SPSS software.
Results: Endurance training and HIIT in diabetic training groups led to a significant decrease in MSTN protein content (P=0.0001) and an increase in Follistatin protein content (P=0.0001).
Conclusion: It seems that four weeks of endurance
training and HIIT can prevent excessive myocardial atrophy by decreasing the MSTN content and increasing
Follistatin. Therefore, exercise training with the intensity, duration and type can be a good defense and treatment mechanisms for diabetics to prevent or reduce heart complications.
Mahdi Faramoushi , Ramin Amirsasan,
Volume 22, Issue 2 (7-2022)
Abstract
Background: Over the years type 2 diabetes, in addition to causing irreversible effects on various parts of the body, also causes liver dysfunction and increases the risk of heart failure, but due to the lack of physical symptoms, less attention has been paid. So, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of 8 weeks of endurance training on diabetic indexes and myocardial GLUT4 and liver enzymes of type 2 diabetic rats.
Methods: A total number of 24 rats (220±20) were divided randomly into three groups; 1-Non-diabetic Control group (NC, n=8). 2-Diabetic Control group (D, n=8) To induce type 2 diabetes, high-fat diets were given to rats for two weeks, then streptozotocin (Aldrich company) at a dose of 37 mg / kg in citrate buffer M0.1 (PH4.5) after 6 hours of intraperitoneal fasting was injected, For the healthy control group, the same amount of buffer was injected. Also, aerobic exercise groups ran 5 times a week and 8 weeks on a motorized treadmill. Diabetic index’s, myocardial GLUT4 (Western blotting) and liver enzymes (ELISA) of rats were measured.
Results: Endurance training significantly decreased fasting blood glucose, insulin resistance index (both P= 0.00). It also caused a significant increase in insulin (P= 0.01) and insulin sensitivity index (P= 0.00) compared to the diabetic control group. On the other hand, the amount of GLUT4 in the training group increased significantly (P= 0.01). The results also showed that in comparison with the diabetic control group, ALT and AST did not increase significantly in diabetics with endurance training (P= 0.30, P= 0.5, respectively).
Conclusion: Based on the results, it seems that endurance training significantly increases the level of GLUT4 in the heart and significantly decreased diabetic parameters such as fasting glucose, HOMA-IR index and liver enzymes.
Farideh Moradi, Neda Aghaei Bahmanbeglou, Habib Asgharpour, Saeedeh Shadmehri,
Volume 22, Issue 5 (12-2022)
Abstract
Background: Unc-51 Like Autophagy Activating Kinase-1 (ULK1) and FAK Family Kinase-Interacting Protein of 200 kDa (FIP200) play an essential role in controlling autophagy and muscle volume. The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of endurance training on the intracellular content of ULK1 and FIP200 proteins in the left ventricular of rats with type 1 diabetes.
Methods: In this experimental study, 18 rats 2-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats with a mean weight of 300±20g were selected. 12 rats became diabetic by intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin solutions. These rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: diabetic training and diabetic control (6 heads per group); A healthy control group (6 heads)was also considered. The training group practiced endurance training 4 days a week for 6 weeks. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 23 and one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests.
Results: The content of ULK1 (increase) and FIP200 (decrease) after endurance training showed a significant change among the research groups in the left ventricular (P=0.0001). Tukey's post hoc test showed that this change is significant between the pair of diabetic training groups to diabetic control, diabetic training to healthy groups, and also diabetic control to healthy groups (P≤0.05).
Conclusion: Endurance training showed that it can have a dual nature to control autophagy in diabetic subjects by increasing ULK1 and decreasing FIP200. There is a need for more investigations in the field of exercise physiology on the proteins responsible for autophagy, especially in type 1 diabetes subjects.
Sajad Mirzaei, Mohammad Sherafati Moghadam, Negin Dejdar, Mahdieh Abdi,
Volume 22, Issue 5 (12-2022)
Abstract
Background: mTOR and CREB proteins are two important factors in cellular pathways and regulating fat tissue metabolism. Therefore, the aim of this research is the effect of endurance training on the amount of mTOR and CREB proteins in the adipose tissue of type 2 diabetic rats.
Methods: In this experimental study, 18 rats 2-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats with a mean weight of 270±20g were selected. 12 rats became type 2 diabetic by intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin solutions. These rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: diabetic training and diabetic control (6 heads per group); A healthy control group (6 heads) was also considered. The training group practiced endurance training 4 days a week for 6 weeks. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 23 and one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests.
Results: mTOR protein content showed a significant change after 6 weeks of endurance training (P=0.0001); Tukey's post hoc test showed that this change was significant between the pairs of diabetic training groups to healthy controls (P=0.004) and diabetic control groups to healthy controls (P=0.0001). CREB protein content showed a significant change (P=0.0001); this change was significant between the pairs of diabetic training to diabetic control groups (P=0.02), diabetic training to healthy control (P=0.0001), and diabetic control to healthy control groups (P=0.0001).
Conclusion: mTOR and CREB proteins decreased after Endurance Training, which can be effective in regulating adipose tissue metabolism; however, more training conditions should be considered.
Behzad Azadbakht, Abbas Saremi, Mojtaba Khansooz,
Volume 23, Issue 2 (5-2023)
Abstract
Background: The effects of exercise on kidney tissue in withdrawal syndrome are unclear. In this study, the effect of 8 weeks of endurance training on the protein levels of cytochrome C, caspase 8 and caspase 3 in the kidney tissue of diabetic and diabetic rats with withdrawal syndrome was investigated.
Methods: 32 male Wistar rats were used in this experimental study. After the induction of diabetes, the rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of 8. Including: diabetes control (D), morphine diabetes (D.M), diabetes + endurance training (D.ET), morphine diabetes+endurance training (D.M.ET). Then, in addicted groups, the oral method was used for morphine dependence. The training groups performed 8 weeks of endurance training protocol. At the end of the study, all rats were anesthetized, dissected and their kidneys were separated and kept at -70 degrees for further investigations. Protein levels of the indicators of this study were measured by ELISA kits. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test at a significance level of P≤0.05.
Results: The results of this study showed a significant decrease in caspase 3 protein levels in D.ET (P=0.000), D.M.ET (P=0.000) and cytochrome C levels in D.ET (P=0.000), D.M.ET (P=0.000) groups in Comparison with group D. Also, caspase 8 protein levels in D.M.ET group (P=0.015) compared to D group and D.M.ET group (P=0.038) compared to D.M group showed a significant decrease (P≥0.05).
Conclusion: Endurance training can probably have a positive and protective effect on the reduction of kidney tissue apoptosis in diabetic and diabetic withdrawal syndrome rats.
Majid Kashef, Mojtaba Salehpour, Fereshteh Shahidi, Nematallh Nejatmand Malari,
Volume 23, Issue 2 (5-2023)
Abstract
Background: The main cause of death of diabetic patients is heart disease. Exercise improves insulin resistance and reduces the mortality of diabetic patients. The aim of this research was the effect of six weeks endurance training on some miRs related to diabetic cardiomyopathy, FBS and insulin resistance index in male Wistar rats.
Methods: After induction of diabetes, male Wistar rats with an average weight of 200gr and age of 8 weeks were randomly classified into four groups: sham, control, endurance training and healthy. Endurance training was performed for 6 weeks. Gene expression was investigated using Real Time PCR. The statistical tests of this research were One Way Anova and T Correlated. The data were normalized by GapDh method and 2-(∆∆CT).
Results: Endurance training leads to a significant decrease in FBS (P: 0.00) and insulin resistance index (P: 0.00) and there was a significant increase in VO2peak (P: 0.001). The expression levels of miR-373 and miR-195 in the exercise group did not change significantly compared to the diabetic control group (P > 0.05). But the effect of training led to an increase in the expression of miR-373 (P: 0.4) and a decrease in the expression of miR-195 (P: 0.9).
Conclusion: Aerobic exercise improved the aerobic capacity of the exercise group. In addition, exercise led to the relative improvement of diabetes complications (increasing the expression level of miR-373 and decreasing the expression level of miR-195). Therefore, it is recommended that patients with cardiomyopathy should focus on aerobic exercises.
Atefeh Ketabdar, Seyed Reza Attarzadeh Hosseini, Mehrdad Fathei, Mohamad Mosaferi,
Volume 23, Issue 5 (12-2023)
Abstract
Background: Fatty liver disease and its relationship with cardiovascular diseases is one of the concerns of today's society, therefore the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of eight weeks of endurance training and growth hormone injections on Cardiac mitochondrial PGC1α content and some oxidative stress indices in mice with hepatic damage.
Methods: In this experimental study, 21 male mice were, randomly, divided into three groups (n=7): control (C), Exercise (E), Exercise + Growth Hormone (EGH) group. The Medium intensity endurance training program was performed for eight weeks and 5 sessions with an intensity of 50% VO2max of per week. The somatropin injection protocols were 1 mg/ kilogram/body weight, respectively. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using the software SPSS, using One-Way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests.
Results: PGC1a levels increased in both groups compared to the control group. SOD and MDA levels increased and decreased in both groups compared to the control group, respectively. The reduction of HOMA levels was significant only in E group compared to the control group. Also, the difference between E and E-GH group was significant. ALT/AST ratio decreased in both groups compared to the control group. The reduction of LDL/HDL ratio was significant only in group E compared to the control group.
Conclusion: Endurance training has produced a more effective response in improving NAFLD markers than GH peptides. Growth hormone injection can have negative consequences on some indicators of this abnormality.
Hadi Golpasandi, Mohammad Rahman Rahimi, Slahadin Ahmadi,
Volume 23, Issue 5 (12-2023)
Abstract
Background: The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of eight weeks of aerobic training and vitamin D3 supplementation on cardiac irisin protein levels, insulin resistance and lipid profile in rats induced with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: Forty male Wistar rats after induction of type 2 diabetes through the combination of high-fat diet +streptozotocin were randomly divided into five groups: 1) Normal control (NC) ,2) Diabetic Control (DC), 3) Diabetes+ Aerobic Training (DAT) ,4) Diabetes+ Vitamin D3 (DVD) and 5) Diabetes+ Aerobic Training+ Vitamin D3 (DVDAT). Aerobic training program (five times a week with 60% intensity of maximum running speed for one hour) and vitamin D3 supplementation (10000 IU/kg every week) were performed. After anesthetizing the rats, blood samples were taken to evaluate serum glucose, insulin, triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL and HDL levels. The heart tissue was isolated to evaluate the irisin.protein.
Results: The results of the one way analysis of variance showed that the irisin protein level of the heart tissue in DAT, DVD and DVDAT groups had a significant increase of 14.04, 12.28 and 24.56%, respectively compared to DC (P<0.001). Insulin resistance also showed a significant decrease in all intervention groups compared to the DC group (P<0.001); However, HDL, triglyceride and cholesterol levels were significantly decreased in DAT and DVDAT groups compared to DC group (P<0.001).
Conclusion: According to the results, it seems that eight weeks of aerobic training and vitamin D3 supplementation probably improves the insulin resistance index and lipid profile in rats induced to type 2 diabetes through increasing the cardiac irisin.
Mahdi Faramoushi, , ,
Volume 24, Issue 5 (12-2023)
Abstract
Introduction: Type 2 diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease and a complex disorder with several micro and macro vascular complications in different parts of the body, which is associated with cardiac fibrosis. On the other hand, endurance training seems to prevent the development of cardiac fibrosis in diabetes by reducing fasting glucose levels and increasing antioxidant indices. Methods: 24 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: healthy control (NC, n=8), diabetes control (DC, n=8) and exercise diabetes (DT, n=8) after familiarization with the laboratory environment. Diabetes was induced to diabetic animals through streptozotocin injection. Training groups, performed 8 weeks of intermittent endurance training on a treadmill. Hematoxylin-eosin and Masson trichrome staining were used to check the level of fibrosis and cell disorder. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured by thiobarbituric acid spectrophotometry. Also, total serum antioxidants were measured by FRAP method.
Results: Compared to the diabetic control group, rats in the training group showed a decrease in fibrosis, fasting glucose, and also a decrease in triglyceride and total cholesterol (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Based on the results, it seems that Endurance training in diabetic Rats prevents the development of cardiac fibrosis caused by diabetes by reducing fasting blood sugar, lipid profile and increasing total antioxidants. However, more studies are needed.
