Showing 73 results for Exercise
Mohsen Omidi, Mohsen Salesi, Rasoul Rezaei, Maryam Koushki Jahromi,
Volume 21, Issue 6 (3-2022)
Abstract
Background: BDNF protein is the important neurotrophin that is involved in cognitive function. Diabetes can lead to impaired function and is a neurocognitive disorder's factor in hippocampus. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of 8 weeks of concurrent training on BDNF levels in the brain hippocampus and cognitive function of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
Methods: 40 of Sprague-Dawn rats were randomly divided into four groups: healthy inactive, non-healthy concurrent exercise, diabetic group without exercise, and diabetic concurrent exercise. Rats in the training groups performed concurrent training for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, subjects' memory was assessed using a cognitive function test in a water maze. BDNF levels in the hippocampus were measured by Western blotting. One-way analysis of variance and LSD post hoc test were used to analyze the data.
Findings: The present study showed that eight weeks of concurrent exercise resulted in a significant reduction in fasting blood sugar in the healthy exercise group compared to the diabetic group. A significant decrease in BDNF levels of the cerebral hippocampus was also observed in the diabetic exercise group compared to the diabetic group. In addition, the level of memory function in healthy exercise and diabetic exercise groups was significantly higher than healthy control and patient control.
Conclusion: Concurrent exercise reduces BDNF hippocampus and increased cognitive function in the exercise group compared to the control group. As a result, it can be said that this type of exercise is very effective in improving the complications of type 2 diabetes.
Eftekhar Mohammadi, Mohammad Fathi, Farzaneh Chehelcheragi, Afshin Nazari,
Volume 22, Issue 1 (4-2022)
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of endurance training and Empagliflozin consumption on inflammatory markers and their relationship with heart structure and function of diabetic male Rats.
Methods: 40 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: healthy control, diabetic control, diabetic + empagliflozin, diabetic + endurance training and diabetic + endurance training + empagliflozin. The groups were anesthetized and their cardiac function and TNF-α and TGF-β indices were evaluated by one-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation tests after performing the training protocol and receiving medication.
Results: There were significant differences in left ventricular end systolic thickness (P = 0.011), left ventricular end systolic volume (P = 0.008), TNF-α (P = 0.014) and TGF-β (P = 0.001) was observed between the research groups. Also, there was a significant negative relationship between TGF-β with body weight, heart fiber shortening percentage and injection fraction and a significant positive relationship with glucose levels, left ventricular end systolic thickness and left ventricular end systolic volume. In addition, a significant negative correlation was observed between TGF-β and the injection fraction (P≤0.05).
Conclusion: Aerobic exercise seems to improve the inflammatory status, structure and function of diabetic heart tissue beyond the dual effect of Empagliflozin.
Maryam Janbozorgi, Abass Ali Gaini, Siroos Choobineh, Mohamad Reza Tabandeh,
Volume 22, Issue 1 (4-2022)
Abstract
Background: Chronic hyperglycemia is associated with an increase in cellular damage due to oxidative stress and increases insulin resistance and also increases in p53 and p16 beta cells, leading to the induction of senescence in pancreatic insulin-secreting cells. The aim of this study was the effect of eight weeks of aerobic exercise on the expression of senescence proteins P53 and P16 in the pancreatic tissue of diabetic mice.
Methods: In this study, 15 NMRI mice (26.3 ±3.22 g) were divided into three groups randomly: healthy control, diabetic control and diabetic exercise. They were diabetic by HFD for 5 weeks and intraperitoneal injection of STZ. The aerobic training protocol (50-60% Vmax) was 5 days a week for 8 weeks. After anesthesia, blood and pancreatic tissue were removed. Insulin resistance, P53 and P16 protein concentrations in pancreatic beta cells were measured. Data were analyzed by ANOVA with a significance level of p <0.05.
Results: According to the results of eight weeks of aerobic exercise by mice diabetic type 2, a significant decrease in insulin resistance (p = 0.005), protein concentrations of P53 (p = 0.002) and P16 (p = 0.010) in pancreatic tissue was observed.
Conclusion: Aerobic exercise may improve insulin sensitivity and delay cellular senescence due to diabetes by reducing cell senescence factors such as P53 and P16 in beta cells. Therefore, this type of exercise can be considered as a therapeutic approach to improve the condition of these patients.
Sohila Mardani, Sayed Abbas Binias, Sajjad Ramezani,
Volume 22, Issue 2 (7-2022)
Abstract
Background: Irisin is a myokine that is released from FNDC5 membrane protein and has positive effects on carbohydrate metabolism. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 8 weeks of aerobic exercise on irisin levels and insulin resistance in middle-aged women with type 2 diabetes.
Methods In this quasi-experimental study, 24 women with type 2 diabetes were purposefully selected and randomly divided into two groups of aerobic exercise (n = 12) and control (n = 12). The training group performed aerobic exercises for 8 minutes (3 sessions per week) for 50 minutes with an intensity of 45-85% of the maximum heart rate on the treadmill. The control group did not engage in any physical activity during exercise. Blood samples were collected 24 hours before and 48 hours after the last training session and the serum was used to measure the levels of irzin, insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), fasting glucose and insulin. Correlated t-test and independent t-test were used to examine intra-group changes and differences between groups. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 22) at a significant level (P≥0.05).
Results: Intragroup changes showed that 8 weeks of aerobic exercise increased serum levels of irizin (P = 0.000), significantly decreased insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) (P = 0.000), fasting glucose and insulin ratio (P = 0.001) ratio He became diabetic in the control group. Also, in comparison between groups, aerobic exercise caused a significant increase in levels of irizin (P = 0.001) and a decrease in insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), fasting glucose (P = 0.001) and insulin (P = 0.001) compared to the control group. He became diabetic.
Conclusion: Aerobic exercise, through its beneficial effect on increasing irisin levels and decreasing insulin resistance index, is an effective factor in improving glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetic patients.
Ghasem Torabi Palat Kaleh, Abbas Sadeghi, Mohammad Javad Maleki, Ahmad Abdi,
Volume 22, Issue 3 (9-2022)
Abstract
Background: Diabetes can increase cardiovascular disease by altering the equilibrium between angiogenic stimulants and inhibitors of angiogenesis. In this study, we investigated the effect of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on angiostatin and focal adhesion kinase (FAK-1) in left ventricle cardiomyocytes in diabetic rats.
Methods: In this experimental study, 24 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three equal groups (n=8): Control-Normal (C), Diabetes (D), and Diabetes-training (D+T). Diabetes was induced by the injection of streptozotocin in male rats. The Training group has performed a HIIT program on a motor-driven treadmill for eight weeks. At the end of eight weeks-- heart tissue samples were collected. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey post hoc at P<0.05.
Results: The results showed that induction of diabetes increased the expression of angiostatin (P=0.006), and serum glucose (P=0.001) and decreased FAK-1 (P=0.001). HIIT significantly reduced the level of angiostatin (P=0.006) and glucose (P=0.001) in diabetic rats. There was also a significant increase in FAK-1 in the D+T group (P=0.001).
Conclusion: HIIT decreased the protein expression of angiostatin and glucose and increased FAK-1 in cardiomyocytes. HIIT seems to reduce the vascular complications of diabetes in rats by altering these parameters that affect angiogenesis and blood glucose.
Manijeh Namjoo, Parvaneh Nazarali, Rahman Soori, Azam Ramezankhani, Fatemeh Fallah,
Volume 22, Issue 4 (11-2022)
Abstract
Background: Adrenomodoline (ADM) is a multifunctional peptide involved in a wide range of physiological processes and cardiovascular function. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effect of physical activity on ADM and nitric oxide (NO) levels and insulin resistance in athletes and non-athletes.
Material and
Methods: 12 athletes and 11 non-athletes participated in this quasi-experimental study. Study participants were selected by convenience sampling. Both groups performed the Bruce protocol. Blood samples were collected before and after the training session to study the variables. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of covariance, paired t-test, independent t-test and Pearson correlation.
Results: The results showed that after one session of submaximal exercise activity, HOMA-IR index decreased in non-athlete group (P = 0.034) and NO values increased in both athlete and non-athlete groups (P = 0.001, P = 0.002) and this increase was greater in the athlete group. Also, serum ADM levels were increased in the non-athlete group (P = 0.001) after the training session.
Conclusion: The single session of physical activity with increasing ADM and NO levels, can lead to better vasodilation and improved endothelial function as well as improved insulin resistance in inactive individuals. Since in athletes, only NO levels increased after the end of the activity, it seems that PA has a greater effect on improving the endothelial function of inactive people.
Zahra Badri, Maryam Delfan, Saeid Danesh Yar,
Volume 22, Issue 4 (11-2022)
Abstract
Background: Myogenin (MyoG) and Myostatin (Mstn) play role in muscle growth and wasting, respectively. The present study aimed to investigate the combined effect of High-intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and Metformin drug (Metf) on gene expression of MyoG and Mstn in skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic mice.
Methods: 25 mice (C57BL/6) were assigned to two groups, including 1) Control © (n=5), and 2) HFD (n=20). The mice of the HFD group were fed a high-fat diet for 16 weeks. After 16 weeks, the mice with over 200 mg/dl were selected as diabetic mice. Then, the diabetic mice were divided into four groups including 1) Control Diabetic (CD) (n=5), 2) Diabet with Metf (DM) (n=5), 3) Diabet with HIIT (DH) (n=5) 4) Diabet with Metf and HIIT (DMH) (n=5). The mice of experimental groups underwent the interventions for eight weeks. The Real-Time–PCR methods were used to measure the mRNA expression of MyoG and Mstn in the Rectus-Femoris muscle.
Results: HIIT (but no Metf) upregulated the gene expression of MyoG (p=0.05). Metformin did not affect Mstn expression (p=0.45), However, HIIT downregulated the expression of Mstn (p=0.001). Metformin did not affect decreasingly or incrementally the downregulating effect of HIIT on Mstn expression (p=0.95).
Conclusion: Metf may not positively or negatively affect the expression changes of MyoG and Mstn induced by HIIT in skeletal muscle of mice with type 2 diabetes.
Mahin Rasuli, Ebrahim Zarrinkalam,
Volume 22, Issue 4 (11-2022)
Abstract
Background: A high-fat diet causes hyperinsulinemia and increases insulin resistance in the body. On the other hand, the oxidative stress caused by hyperglycemia can lead to the exacerbation of hyperglycemia and increase the complications of diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases are one of the most important complications of diabetes mellitus. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 4 weeks of aerobic training on catalase enzyme activity in the left ventricle and insulin resistance index in male rats treated with streptozotocin and exposed to a high-fat diet.
Methods: In this experimental study, 19 male wistar rats, with an average age of 8-12 weeks and a weight of 200-250 grams, were divided into 3 groups: diabetic control (CD 8), training diabetes (TD 8) and healthy control (C 3). The exercise program included 4 weeks of aerobic exercise with an average of 60 to 75 Vo2max in an increasing manner. Before and 48 hours after the last training session, blood was taken and left ventricular tissue samples were extracted to check the HOMA-IR index and catalase activity by ELISA method. To compare the study groups, one-way analysis of variance and Scheffe's post hoc test were used in SPSS software (p≥0.05).
Results: The results showed that the induction of diabetes with STZ along with a high-fat diet causes a significant decrease in catalase enzyme (P=0.001) and a significant increase in HOMA-IR index, fasting glucose and Li index (P=0.001) in rats. However, doing 4 weeks of aerobic training caused a significant increase in catalase enzyme activity (P=0.001) and a decrease in HOMA-IR index, glucose and Li index (P=0.001).
Conclusion: Aerobic exercise with moderate intensity can be used as an effective non-pharmacological method in the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy by increasing catalase activity and reducing resistance to insulitis in diabetes.
Mahdieh Ghasemi, Ahmad Abdi, Asieh Abbassi Daloii,
Volume 22, Issue 5 (12-2022)
Abstract
Background: Inflammation plays a critical role in the promotion of hepatocyte damage and liver fibrosis. In recent years the protective role of exercise and royal jelly (RJ), has been suggested for metabolic and inflammatory disorders. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of aerobic training (AT) and RJ on pro-inflammatory markers in a rat's model of a high-fat diet (HFD).
Methods: In this experimental study, 45 male rats were randomly divided into five groups (Each group: n=9): Normal Diet (ND), High-Fat Diet (HFD), High-Fat Diet +Training (HFDT), High-Fat Diet + Royal Jelly (HFDRJ), and High-Fat Diet +Training + Royal Jelly (HFDTRJ). The supplement groups received 100 mg of royal jelly (kg/body weight) diluted in distilled water orally during the intervention period. The aerobic exercise program included treadmill running with an intensity of 50-60% oxygen consumption (VO2max), 5 days/week for 8 weeks.
Results: HFD increased hepatic NF-κB (p=0.006), TNF-α (p=0.0001) and IL-1β (p=0.0001). AT, RJ as well as the combination of AT with RJ decreased NF-κB, TNF-α and IL-1β (p≤0.05). Decrease in NF-κB, TNF-α and IL-1β were significant in HFDTRJ group compared to HFDT and HFDRJ groups (p≤0.05).
Conclusion: The combination of AT and RJ may decrease inflammatory markers and improve HFD-induced hepatic steatosis by reducing the expression of NF-κB, TNF-α, and IL-1β.
Fatemeh Kazeminasab, Mohadeseh Shojaei, Mousa Khalafi,
Volume 22, Issue 6 (3-2023)
Abstract
Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a pathological syndrome associated with increased serum levels of liver enzymes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of exercise training on liver enzymes (ALT, AST, and GGT) and liver fat content in adults with NAFLD.
Methods: The PubMed, Web of Science, SID, Magiran, and Google scholar databases were searched until February 2022 for English and Persian articles. Meta-analyses were performed to compare the impact of exercise training on liver function in patients with fatty liver. SMD and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated using effect models. Also, the I2 test was used to determine heterogeneity, and the Funnel plot and Egger tests at a significant level of 0.1 were used to determine publication bias.
Results: The results of meta-analysis of 36 studies with 1602 patient with NAFLD, showed that exercise training caused a significant decrease in ALT enzyme [SMD=-0.73, (95% CI: -0.51 to -0.95), p=0.001], AST enzyme [SMD=-0.61, (95% CI: -0.39 to -0.83), p=0.001], GTT enzyme [SMD=-0.66, (95% CI: -0.18 to -1.14), p =0.007], and intrahepatic fat [SMD=-0.58, (95% CI: -0.78 to -0.38), p=0.001].
Conclusion: The findings of the present meta-analysis show the important role of exercise training (aerobic, resistance, and combined training) in improving liver function. So, all three types of aerobic, resistance, and combined exercise are suggested as a non-drug approach to reduce liver enzymes and intrahepatic fat for adults with NAFLD.
Saeed Naimi, Vahid Valipour Dehnou, Masoud Moeini,
Volume 22, Issue 6 (3-2023)
Abstract
Background: One of the complications of type 2 diabetes is the development of neurocognitive disorders, and DCX and AMPA may be involved in this disorder. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise on the DCX and AMPA in the hippocampus of rats with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: 32 eight-week-old male rats were divided into control (C), diabetes (D), diabetes-exercise (DT), and exercise (T) groups. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin injection. The exercise was carried out for six weeks. Finally, the rats were dissected, and their hippocampus tissue was extracted. Proteins were measured by the ELISA method.
Results: There was nonsignificant difference between the DCX of the C group and the T and DT groups (p>0.05). But there was a significant difference between the DCX of the C and diabetic groups (p =0.05). Also, a significant difference was observed between the diabetic groups and the T group (p<0.05). AMPA in diabetic groups were significantly lower than in C and T groups (p<0.05) While the difference between C and T groups and D and DT groups was not significant (p>0.05). Also, a significant negative correlation was observed between AMPA and DCX with blood glucose.
Conclusion: Diabetes reduces the AMPA and DCX but exercise nonsignificantly reduces the effect of diabetes on those. According to the appropriate duration of exercise, there is a possibility that due to the significant negative correlation between these proteins and glucose, the intensity of exercise can significantly reduce the negative effect of diabetes on those.
Reza Salboukhi, Masoumeh Azizi, Ali Zavari, Nagmadin Espandar,
Volume 23, Issue 2 (5-2023)
Abstract
Background: Expression of FoxO transcription factors whould increase during certain forms of atrophy. In a dephosphorylated state, FoxOs participate in ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation through the transcriptional activation of E3-ubiquitin ligases such as MAFbx/atrogin-1. Therefore, the study aimed to determine the effect of combination of continuous exercise and resveratrol supplementation on foxo-1 and Atrogin-1 gene expression in the left ventricular tissue of male Wistar rats.
Methods: In this study, 25 male Wistar rats with 180-250 g weight were randomly classified into 5 groups, including healthy control (n=5), diabetic control (n=5), diabetic resveratrol (n=5), diabetic-continuous exercise (n=5), and resveratrol+ continuous exercise+ diabetes (n=5). After inducing diabetes by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin, animals in expremental groups were carried out an 8-week exercise program on a treadmill with 60-75% Vo2max. One-way ANOVA and Tukey test with statistical level (P<0.05) was used to compare the differences between groups.
Results: The results showed that gene expression of Atrodin-1 were significantly markedly in the ARDM group compared to the DM group (P= 0.02) but the gene expression of foxo-1 only was significantly changed (P= 0.001) in ARDM group to compared with the other groups (P>0.05).
Conclusion: It seems that the Foxo1 gene expression fluctuations along with the significant decrease in the expression of the atherogen-1 gene can be improving the diabetic heart as a non-pharmacological method.
Mousa Khalafi, Marzieh Faramarzi, Kayvan Sharifmoradi,
Volume 23, Issue 2 (5-2023)
Abstract
Background: CTRP3 is known to be an adipose tissue-derived anti-inflammatory hormone that leads to improved insulin resistance. However, the effects of exercise training on this adipokine are poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of the present meta-analysis was to investigate the effect of exercise training on circulating CTRP3 levels in adults with metabolic disorders.
Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed and Web of Science databases through October 2022 using the keywords "exercise training" and "CTRP3". The inclusion criteria for the current research included human studies with metabolic disorders, exercise training intervention, and circulating CTRP3 values. Standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval were calculated using random method.
Results: A total of 9 studies including 12 intervention arms and 365 participants with metabolic disorders were included in the meta-analysis. The results of data analysis showed that exercise training led to a significant increase in CTRP3 [0.57, (CI: 1.10 to 0.03) P=0.03]. Also, the results of the I2 test showed that there is a high and significant heterogeneity (I2 =84.59, P=0.001) and the results of the Egger test showed a significant publication bias (P=0.001).
Conclusion: Exercise training with a moderate effect size leads to a significant increase in circulating CTRP3 levels in individual with metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, which may be a mediator of the beneficial effects of exercise training.
Majid Kashef, Mojtaba Salehpour, Fereshteh Shahidi, Nematallh Nejatmand Malari,
Volume 23, Issue 2 (5-2023)
Abstract
Background: The main cause of death of diabetic patients is heart disease. Exercise improves insulin resistance and reduces the mortality of diabetic patients. The aim of this research was the effect of six weeks endurance training on some miRs related to diabetic cardiomyopathy, FBS and insulin resistance index in male Wistar rats.
Methods: After induction of diabetes, male Wistar rats with an average weight of 200gr and age of 8 weeks were randomly classified into four groups: sham, control, endurance training and healthy. Endurance training was performed for 6 weeks. Gene expression was investigated using Real Time PCR. The statistical tests of this research were One Way Anova and T Correlated. The data were normalized by GapDh method and 2-(∆∆CT).
Results: Endurance training leads to a significant decrease in FBS (P: 0.00) and insulin resistance index (P: 0.00) and there was a significant increase in VO2peak (P: 0.001). The expression levels of miR-373 and miR-195 in the exercise group did not change significantly compared to the diabetic control group (P > 0.05). But the effect of training led to an increase in the expression of miR-373 (P: 0.4) and a decrease in the expression of miR-195 (P: 0.9).
Conclusion: Aerobic exercise improved the aerobic capacity of the exercise group. In addition, exercise led to the relative improvement of diabetes complications (increasing the expression level of miR-373 and decreasing the expression level of miR-195). Therefore, it is recommended that patients with cardiomyopathy should focus on aerobic exercises.
Behrouz Alizadeh Qaleh Zavaraq, Farzad Zehsaz, Karim Azali Alamdari, Akbar Moin,
Volume 23, Issue 3 (9-2023)
Abstract
Background: The role of the immune system and inflammation in controlling metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, obesity and overweight is well established. Also, physical activity controls and prevents the occurrence of metabolic diseases, which has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects. The aim of the present study was to study the effect of eight weeks of 10, 20, 30 seconds exercise training on the levels of antimicrobial factors in the saliva of obese adolescent boys.
Methods: 32 male students voluntarily participated in the present study and were randomly assigned to four groups: 1) obese aerobic exercise, 2) normal weight aerobic exercise, 3) obese control without exercise, and 4) normal weight control without exercise. The criteria for the obese group was a BMI above 25. Anthropometric indices of height, weight and body mass index were measured exactly. Before and after eight weeks of practice, Shatell-Run standard test was performed. Salivary samples of lysozyme, lactoferrin, lactate and C-reactive protein concentrations were taken after eight weeks of training with a frequency of three sessions per week with an intensity of 30 to 90% of maximum aerobic power. Using analysis of covariance, variables with a significance level of less than (P≤0.05) were included in the analysis.
Results: The results showed a significant increase in salivary levels of lactoferrin (P=0.001), lysozyme (P=0.003), lactate (P=0.001), and C-reactive protein (P=0.006). There are more obese students than people of normal weight (Youth body mass index criterion)
Conclusion: The increased response of some antibacterial and inflammatory salivary proteins after eight weeks of 10-20-30 sports training following exhaustive activity may be due to the acute response of the immune system.
Alireza Zandinezhad, Hossein Abednatanzi, Farshad Ghazalian, Alireza Barari,
Volume 23, Issue 3 (9-2023)
Abstract
Background: The aim of the present study was to study the changes in the expression of Cox-1 and Cox-2 genes in liver tissue and tumor volume after aerobic exercise and consumption of pineapple extract in mice with skin cancer.
Methods: This fundamental-laboratory study was conducted on 32 male C57BL/6 mice in four groups including control, aerobic exercise, pineapple extract and aerobic-pineapple exercise. After tumor induction, the animals underwent aerobic training program for six weeks and pineapple extract was gavage at 300mg/kg. The weight and tumor volume of mice were measured. After obtaining blood and tissue samples, expression of Cox-1 and Cox-2 genes in liver tissue was done by RT-PCR method. Then the data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, two-factor analysis of variance and post hoc test, and the significance level of p≤0.05 was considered.
Results: Compared to the control group, aerobic exercise and pineapple-exercise showed a significant decrease in tumor volume and a decrease in the expression of Cox-1 (0.59±0.97) and Cox-2 (0.5±0.4) gene expression in the aerobic-Pineapple compared to the control group (1±0) (p≤0.05). Cox1 gene expression increased significantly in the Aerobic exercise group, but a significant decrease was observed in the pineapple-Aerobic group. Also, Cox2 gene expression in the liver tissue in the exercise group Aerobic and interactive Aerobic-pineapple group had a significant decrease compared to the control, but in the pineapple group compared to the control, the difference in the expression of this gene was not significant.
Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the expression of Cox 1 gene was significantly increased in the aerobic training group and significantly decreased in the pineapple-training group. Cox-2 gene expression in the liver tissue in the aerobic training group and the pineapple-training interactive group had a significant decrease compared to the control, because the Cox-2 enzyme is related to inflammation and pain, angiogenesis, cancer and Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, it can be concluded that its inhibition or reduction can be considered as a promising and effective strategy for the treatment and prevention of cancer.
Mousa Khalafi, Amir Ghanbarpour Nosrati, Keyvan Sharifmoradi,
Volume 23, Issue 4 (11-2023)
Abstract
Background: Fetuin-A, as a hepatokine, plays an important role in the regulation of whole-body metabolism, which is increased with chronic diseases. Therefore, the aim of this meta-analysis is to investigate the effect of exercise training on Fetuin-A levels in individuals with metabolic and kidney diseases.
Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases until November 2022 using the keywords "exercise training" and "Fetuin-A". To determine the effect size, standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval were calculated using CMA2 software. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the I2 test, and publication bias was evaluated by visual interpretation of the funnel plot and Egger's test. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using the PEDRO checklist.
Results: A total of 16 studies including 21 trials arms and 554 subjects with type 2 diabetes, obesity and kidney disease were included in the meta-analysis. Exercise training resulted in a significant decrease in Fetuin-A levels [-0.93 (CI: -1.35 to -0.51) P= 0.001]. There was a high heterogeneity (I2= 89.24, P= 0.001) and also a significant publication bias (P= 0.001). The results of subgroup analysis based on the type of exercise training showed that aerobic training resulted in a significant decrease in Fetuin-A (P= 0.001) while the reduction of this marker with combined training was not significant (P= 0.33).
Conclusion: Exercise training, especially aerobic training, results in a decrease in Fetuin-A levels in metabolic patients, which may be contributed to the beneficial effects of exercise.
Fatemeh Sabaghian, Fatemeh Kazeminasab, Amir Ghanbarpour,
Volume 23, Issue 4 (11-2023)
Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of aerobic exercise on the function of local renin-angiotensin system and insulin resistance in the Gastrocnemius muscle of type 2 diabetic mice.
Methods: The number of 18 male C57BL/6 mice were divided into two groups: 1. Mice fed with a standard diet for 12 weeks (control group), 2. Mice fed with a high-fat diet for 12 weeks with streptozotocin injection (diabetes group). Diabetic mice were randomly divided into two groups: 1. Diabetes-Sedentary group, 2. Diabetes-exercise group. The mice of the training group exercised on the treadmill for eight weeks and five days/week with an average speed of 19 m/min and for 45 minutes. 24 hours after the last training session, the mice were sacrificed. The Gastrocnemius muscle tissue was extracted and stored in -80°C freezer to measure the expression level of angiotensin 2, Mass receptor, At1 receptor and glucose transporter 4 (Glut 4).
Results: The results showed that the expression of Mass and Glut4 receptor in diabetes-exercise mice was significantly higher than diabetes-sedentary group. Also, the expression of angiotensin 2, HOMA-IR, and fasting glucose in the muscle of diabetes-exercise mice were significantly lower vs. diabetes-sedentary mice. Also, the expression of At1 receptor in the diabetes-exercise group was insignificantly lower than in the diabetes-sedentary group.
Conclusion: The findings of the present study show the important role of exercise in improving the local renin-angiotensin system in skeletal muscle. Eight weeks of aerobic training can reduce muscular insulin resistance and improve type 2 diabetes by decreasing the expression of angiotensin 2, At1 receptor and increasing the Mass receptor.
Somaye Emamrezaee, Vahid Valipour Dehnou, Aliyavar Azizpour Fard,
Volume 23, Issue 6 (1-2024)
Abstract
Background: BDNF decrease, and HbA1c and Asprosin increase in diabetic people and exercise can reverse these effects, but the effect of vigorous exercise on Asprosin and BDNF in elderly diabetic people have not been investigated. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of high-intensity functional exercise on Asprosin and BDNF and their relationship with glucose and HbA1c in elderly diabetic men and women.
Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 24 elderly diabetic men and women (age: 67.25 ± 5.84, BM: 70.29 ± 13.01, height: 160.92 ± 10.29) participated. The initial blood sample was taken while fasting. After 90 minutes, the subjects performed the exercise for 50 minutes. The second blood sample was taken 10 minutes after the high-intensity functional exercise. BDNF, Asprosin, HbA1c, and glucose levels were measured by ELISA method. To analyze the data, T-tests, covariance and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used.
Results: Asprosin and BDNF decreased (P< 0.0005) and increased (P< 0.0005), respectively in both groups. There was no significant difference between Asprosin and BDNF in elderly diabetic men and women in pre-test and post-test (P> 0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between BDNF with Asprosin, HbA1c and glucose and a significant positive correlation between Asprosin with HbA1c and glucose (P< 0.05).
Conclusion: Vigorous exercise decrease and increase Asprosin and BDNF in elderly diabetic men and women, respectively. Also, considering the significant negative relationship between BDNF with glucose and HbA1c and the significant positive relationship between Asprosin with glucose and HbA1c, it seems that vigorous exercise by reversing the changes of asprosin and BDNF causes possible improvement in levels of glucose and HbA1c.
Monireh Khalili, Habib Asgharpour, Asra Askari, Jahanbakhsh Asadi,
Volume 23, Issue 6 (1-2024)
Abstract
Background: The health and proper functioning of the endoplasmic reticulum in the liver can lead to an increase in the quality of the metabolism of liver cells. Exercise can lead to liver health by regulating liver enzymes and factors related to apoptosis pathway. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to compare the performance of the endoplasmic reticulum chaperone protein of the liver of healthy model rats with the intervention of different training sessions and starvation.
Methods: In this experimental research, 30 Wistar male rats with a weight range of 330 ± 25 grams were selected and divided into six groups: 1) control, 2) starvation, 3) 3 days of training per week, 4) 5 days of training per week, 5) starvation + 3 training days per week, 6) starvation + 5 training days per week. Training consisted of one hour of continuous running on a treadmill for 4 weeks, and starvation was performed for 14 hours when the rats were awake. Data analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance and post hoc LSD statistical tests in SPSS version 23 software. A significance level of P≤ 0.05 was considered.
Results: Data analysis showed a significant change in the levels of liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) (P≤ 0.05). This change in CHOP gene expression was also significant (P≤ 0.05).
Conclusion: Aerobic training for 3 and 5 days with starvation can lead to liver health by reducing liver enzymes (AST and ALT) and cell death-related factor (CHOP) through the apoptosis pathway.
