Showing 117 results for Type 2 Diabete
Mehdi Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Seyyed Nasrollah Hosseini, Marzieh Niksirt, Amir Hossein Hashemian, Farzad Jalilian,
Volume 23, Issue 1 (5-2023)
Abstract
Background: Control of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is influenced by lifestyle. The aim of this research was to determine the predictors of treatment adherence behaviors among T2DM based on Social Cognitive Theory (SCT).
Methods: This descriptive-analytical research was done among 500 T2DM patients in Tehran during 2021. Simple random sampling was performed among patients based their medical records in the Diabetes Control Clinic of Tehran's District Five. The data collection tools were written questionnaire based on the SCT determinants. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation) and analytical statistics (Pearson's correlation and linear regression) in SPSS software version 16. Results: The mean score of treatment adherence behaviors was 56.34 [SD: 10.41], ranged from 16 to 80. The outcome expectations, perceived self-efficacy, and social support accounted for 43% of the variation in the outcome measure of the treatment adherence behaviors. Self-efficacy was the strongest predictor (Beta = 0.430 and P<0.001). Increasing age (ß= -0.126 and P= 0.004), insulin treatment (ß= -0.250 and P<0.001) and smoking (ß= -0.146 and P= 0.001) conversely and having health insurance (ß= 0.181 and P<0.001) were positively predictive of treatment adherence behaviors.
Conclusion: The development, implementation and evaluation of educational interventions based on SCT with emphasis on promoting perceived self-efficacy can lead to useful findings in promoting treatment adherence behaviors among T2DM patients.
Reza Salboukhi, Masoumeh Azizi, Ali Zavari, Nagmadin Espandar,
Volume 23, Issue 2 (5-2023)
Abstract
Background: Expression of FoxO transcription factors whould increase during certain forms of atrophy. In a dephosphorylated state, FoxOs participate in ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation through the transcriptional activation of E3-ubiquitin ligases such as MAFbx/atrogin-1. Therefore, the study aimed to determine the effect of combination of continuous exercise and resveratrol supplementation on foxo-1 and Atrogin-1 gene expression in the left ventricular tissue of male Wistar rats.
Methods: In this study, 25 male Wistar rats with 180-250 g weight were randomly classified into 5 groups, including healthy control (n=5), diabetic control (n=5), diabetic resveratrol (n=5), diabetic-continuous exercise (n=5), and resveratrol+ continuous exercise+ diabetes (n=5). After inducing diabetes by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin, animals in expremental groups were carried out an 8-week exercise program on a treadmill with 60-75% Vo2max. One-way ANOVA and Tukey test with statistical level (P<0.05) was used to compare the differences between groups.
Results: The results showed that gene expression of Atrodin-1 were significantly markedly in the ARDM group compared to the DM group (P= 0.02) but the gene expression of foxo-1 only was significantly changed (P= 0.001) in ARDM group to compared with the other groups (P>0.05).
Conclusion: It seems that the Foxo1 gene expression fluctuations along with the significant decrease in the expression of the atherogen-1 gene can be improving the diabetic heart as a non-pharmacological method.
Sajjad Ramezani, Amaneh Porrahim Ghouroghchi, Mohsen Yaghobi, Roghayeh Afroundeh, Mina Rasouli,
Volume 23, Issue 2 (5-2023)
Abstract
Background: During recent decades, physical activity has become a key auxiliary tool in controlling many diseases, including diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of resistance training on the plasma levels of preptin and endothelin 1 in men with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: The current research is semi-experimental. The statistical sample of this study consisted of 38 men with type 2 diabetes, who were randomly divided into two groups of 19 experimental and control. Subjects in the experimental group performed 8 weeks of resistance training three sessions a week with moderate intensity. 24 hours before and after 8 weeks of training, plasma levels of preptin, endothelin 1, and indicators related to type 2 diabetes were measured by the ELISA method. Correlated t-tests and independent t-tests were used to examine intra-group changes. SPSS software was used to analyze the data (P≥ 0.05).
Results: Correlated t results showed that plasma levels of preptin and insulin resistance index (P= 0.001) as well as plasma endothelin 1 (P= 0.001) decreased significantly in the post-test compared to the pre-test of the experimental group. has been found Also, the independent t-test results showed that the plasma levels of preptin, insulin resistance index (P= 0.001) and endothelin 1 (P= 0.002) were significantly lower in the post-test of the experimental group compared to the control.
Conclusion: According to the obtained results, it seems that doing resistance exercises improves glucose sensitivity by reducing preptin and reducing the possibility of blood pressure by reducing endothelin 1 in preople with type 2 diabetes.
Fatemeh Sabaghian, Fatemeh Kazeminasab, Amir Ghanbarpour,
Volume 23, Issue 4 (11-2023)
Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of aerobic exercise on the function of local renin-angiotensin system and insulin resistance in the Gastrocnemius muscle of type 2 diabetic mice.
Methods: The number of 18 male C57BL/6 mice were divided into two groups: 1. Mice fed with a standard diet for 12 weeks (control group), 2. Mice fed with a high-fat diet for 12 weeks with streptozotocin injection (diabetes group). Diabetic mice were randomly divided into two groups: 1. Diabetes-Sedentary group, 2. Diabetes-exercise group. The mice of the training group exercised on the treadmill for eight weeks and five days/week with an average speed of 19 m/min and for 45 minutes. 24 hours after the last training session, the mice were sacrificed. The Gastrocnemius muscle tissue was extracted and stored in -80°C freezer to measure the expression level of angiotensin 2, Mass receptor, At1 receptor and glucose transporter 4 (Glut 4).
Results: The results showed that the expression of Mass and Glut4 receptor in diabetes-exercise mice was significantly higher than diabetes-sedentary group. Also, the expression of angiotensin 2, HOMA-IR, and fasting glucose in the muscle of diabetes-exercise mice were significantly lower vs. diabetes-sedentary mice. Also, the expression of At1 receptor in the diabetes-exercise group was insignificantly lower than in the diabetes-sedentary group.
Conclusion: The findings of the present study show the important role of exercise in improving the local renin-angiotensin system in skeletal muscle. Eight weeks of aerobic training can reduce muscular insulin resistance and improve type 2 diabetes by decreasing the expression of angiotensin 2, At1 receptor and increasing the Mass receptor.
Mohammad Zahmatkesh, Hosseinali Sasan, Fateme Sefid , Mohammad Yahya Vahidi Mehrjardi,
Volume 23, Issue 5 (12-2023)
Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes is a common multifactorial disease that has been studied by researchers in this century. These studies show the importance and position of genetics in relation to diabetes. The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of rs5219 and rs5215 polymorphisms in the familial type 2 diabetic population of Yazd province.
Methods: This study is a case-control study that was conducted on 200 people (100 type 2 diabetes patients with a positive family history of type 2 diabetes and 100 healthy people without a family history of diabetes). In this study, using the ARMS-PCR technique, the genotype of the patient group and the control group were examined, and dispersion indices and parametric statistical tests such as P-value and Chi-square were used to determine the significant relationship between diabetes and genetics.
Results: Statistical analysis showed that there is a significant difference between the allelic and genotypic frequencies in both patient and control groups in rs5215 polymorphism with P=0.0015 and in rs5219 polymorphism with P=0.0342.
Conclusion: The present study showed that rs5215 and rs5219 polymorphism of KCNJ11 gene can be related to type 2 diabetes in the population of Yazd province, although extensive studies are needed to confirm these results.
Fatemeh Nikseresht,
Volume 23, Issue 6 (1-2024)
Abstract
Background: Considering the importance of exercise in the prevention and treatment of diseases related to obesity the objective of this experimental study was to determine the effect of six weeks of intensive interval training on PEPCK expression in liver tissue, glucose and insulin and insulin resistance in obese rats with type 2 diabetes and compared with non-diabetic obese group.
Methods: 28 male Wistar rats aged 10 weeks (220 ± 20 g) were obesed by six weeks of high-fat diet (HFD). Then type 2 diabetes was induced in 14 rats by intraperitoneal injection of STZ (30 mg/kg). Finally, the studied rats were divided into 4 groups (n= 7): 1) control obese, 2) interval obese, 3) control obese diabetic, 4) interval obese diabetic. Interval groups participated in an interval exercise program of five sessions per week for six weeks consists of 10 repetitions of a 40-second run on the treadmill with 2-minute rest (active rest) between repetitions. Finally, 48 hours after the last session, the fasting levels of glucose, insulin, PEPCK expression in liver tissue were measured and compared by two-way ANOVA.
Results: Compared with control groups, interval training in diabetic and obese rats resulted in significant decrease of fasting glucose (P= 0.001). Interval training also led to an increase in serum insulin compared to the diabetic control group (P= 0.006) and a decrease in PEPCK expression compared to the diabetic control group (P= 0.005).
Conclusion: Improved glucose response to interval training in type 2 diabetic rats may be rooted in increase insulin with decrease in hepatic PEPCK expression. Measurement of activity or expression of other liver enzymes is suggested for general conclusion.
Somaye Emamrezaee, Vahid Valipour Dehnou, Aliyavar Azizpour Fard,
Volume 23, Issue 6 (1-2024)
Abstract
Background: BDNF decrease, and HbA1c and Asprosin increase in diabetic people and exercise can reverse these effects, but the effect of vigorous exercise on Asprosin and BDNF in elderly diabetic people have not been investigated. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of high-intensity functional exercise on Asprosin and BDNF and their relationship with glucose and HbA1c in elderly diabetic men and women.
Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 24 elderly diabetic men and women (age: 67.25 ± 5.84, BM: 70.29 ± 13.01, height: 160.92 ± 10.29) participated. The initial blood sample was taken while fasting. After 90 minutes, the subjects performed the exercise for 50 minutes. The second blood sample was taken 10 minutes after the high-intensity functional exercise. BDNF, Asprosin, HbA1c, and glucose levels were measured by ELISA method. To analyze the data, T-tests, covariance and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used.
Results: Asprosin and BDNF decreased (P< 0.0005) and increased (P< 0.0005), respectively in both groups. There was no significant difference between Asprosin and BDNF in elderly diabetic men and women in pre-test and post-test (P> 0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between BDNF with Asprosin, HbA1c and glucose and a significant positive correlation between Asprosin with HbA1c and glucose (P< 0.05).
Conclusion: Vigorous exercise decrease and increase Asprosin and BDNF in elderly diabetic men and women, respectively. Also, considering the significant negative relationship between BDNF with glucose and HbA1c and the significant positive relationship between Asprosin with glucose and HbA1c, it seems that vigorous exercise by reversing the changes of asprosin and BDNF causes possible improvement in levels of glucose and HbA1c.
Sahar Riasati, Hossein Abednatanzi, Mandana Gholami,
Volume 24, Issue 1 (3-2024)
Abstract
Background: The Purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of High Intensity Interval Training & Royal Jelly on expression of the genes of the hepatic miR-423-5P - FAM3A-AKt2 pathway in rats.
Methods: The statistical population was 36 male Wistar rats and reaching a weight of 193 ± 20 grams, they were subjected to a high-fat diet diet and intraperitoneal injection of 25 mg STZ. Blood sugar above 150 to 400 mg/dl was considered as a criterion to ensure that the mice had type 2 diabetes. Then divided into 4 groups (diabetic control group, intermittent exercise, Royal Jelly and exercise-Royal Jelly group). The experimental group of did HIIT with a 20 to 36 m/min. for 8 weeks. Royal jelly experimental groups consumed 100 mg/kg royal Jelly. 48 hours after the last training session, the mice were anesthetized with ether and blood was taken from the heart and tissue was removed, including liver tissue, and the tissue sample was transferred to a freezer temperature of -80. Serum glucose measurements were performed by an Auto analyzer. Insulin was measured by an ELISA kit, and the insulin resistance index was measured by formulas. The expression level of miRNA-423-5P, FAM3A and AKt genes in liver tissue was measured using Real Time-PCR method .the data, analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni’s post hoc and univariate and effect size. The significance level was considered to be p≥ 0.05.
Results: The findings showed that the expression of the hepatic miR-423-5P gene in the experimental groups of intermittent exercise with royal jelly and the exercise group and the gel group significantly decreased compared to the control group, and the expression of the FAM3A gene increased in the experimental groups compared to the control group. Non-significant and the expression of AKt2 gene in the training group and the training group with gel increased significantly compared to the control group, and in the gel group only compared to the control group, there was a non-significant increase, Also, there was a significant decrease in glucose in the experimental groups of HIIT exercise and HIIT- Royal jelly compared to the diabetic control group (p <0.05).Expression of the miR-423-5P gene was significantly lower in all groups compared to control, expression of mRNA FAM3 had insignificant increase and expression of mRNA AKt2 had a significant increase in groups of regular exercise and exercise with nutritional intervention. This gene had an insignificant increase of expression in the group with only nutritional intervention.
Conclusion: It seems that HIIT and royal jelly consumption, both alone and in combination, although with greater effect, can create favorable changes in the expression of Mir 4235p. FAM3A and AKt2 help to improve the condition of the liver.
Esfandiar Jahanfar, Abdolhossein Taheri Kalani, Mahmoud Nikseresht,
Volume 24, Issue 2 (6-2024)
Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, like other inflammatory diseases, causes a change in the levels of pro-inflammatory (such as gremlin-1) and anti-inflammatory (such as pentraxin-3) markers. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of 10 weeks of aerobic and resistance training on serum levels of pentraxin-3, gremlin-1 and insulin resistance in men with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 29 men with type 2 diabetes in the age range of 25-45 years were selected and randomly divided into three groups: aerobic training, resistance training and control. Aerobic training program with an intensity of 55-75% of the maximum heart rate and resistance training with an intensity of 55-75% of one repetition maximum was implemented during 10 weeks and 3 sessions per week. Before and after the intervention period, serum levels of pentraxin-3, gremlin-1 were measured and also insulin resistance index was calculated.
Results: In both aerobic (P= 0.039) and resistance (P= 0.019) training groups, pentraxin-3 serum level increased significantly compared to the control group; but there was no difference between the two groups (P= 0.703). Also, serum levels of gremlin-1 and insulin resistance of the aerobic (P= 0.022 and P= 0.040, respectively) and resistance (P= 0.037 and P= 0.031, respectively) training groups showed a significant decrease compared to the control group; Although there was no difference between the training groups (P= 0.815 and P= 0.659, respectively).
Conclusion: This findings demonstrate that both types of aerobic and resistance training are equally effective in improving inflammatory markers and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes patients.
Mahya Sharifi Rayeni, Farhad Daryanoosh, Mohsen Salesi, Maryam Kooshki Jahromi,
Volume 24, Issue 2 (6-2024)
Abstract
Background: Mitophagy is a type of cell death that regulates the quality of mitochondria and can lead to disorders in diseases such as diabetes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on the content of proteins related to the mitophagy pathway (LC3 and BNIP3L) in muscle tissue soleus of rats with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: In this experimental study, 18 three-month-old male Sprague Dawley rats with an average weight of 270±30 g were selected. Rats were infected with type 2 diabetes by intraperitoneal injection of a streptozotocin and nicotinamide solution. Rats were randomly divided into two groups: diabetic and diabetic. A healthy control group was also included. The training group performed HIIT for eight weeks at an intensity of 85-95% of the maximum speed. Data analysis was performed using a one-way ANOVA test in GraphPad Prism version 9.5 software. A significance level of P≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The levels of LC3 and BNIP3L proteins significantly increase after eight weeks of HIIT compared to both the diabetic and healthy control groups (P= 0.0001).
Conclusion: It can be concluded that HIIT by increasing the factors related to mitophagy can cause the cleaning of dysfunctional mitochondria in the muscle of diabetic subjects; However, excessive mitophagy can also cause functional defects in regulating the quality of mitochondria.
Sajjad Ramezani, Marefat Siahkouhian,
Volume 24, Issue 2 (6-2024)
Abstract
Background: This review aims to investigate and analyze recent studies related to the effects of various exercise training on adipokines secreted from adipose tissue in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: Search in Persian and Latin databases PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Magiran, and SID with the keywords aerobic exercise, resistance training, High-intensity interval training, diabetes, Adipokine, Leptin, Adiponectin, and Resistin, resistance training, intense interval training, aerobic exercise, combined exercise, adipokine, leptin, adiponectin and resistin were performed to retrieve articles published in the period from 2010 to 2023.
Results: The results obtained from the study showed that aerobic exercise with moderate intensity (60 to 80%) reduces the leptin levels of diabetic patients, however, the effect of combined exercises (aerobic and resistance) is much greater than other types of exercises. In addition, aerobic exercises with moderate intensity (50 to 70%) lead to an increase in adiponectin levels in diabetic patients, however, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) had a greater effect in increasing adiponectin levels than other exercises. Also, studies showed that all three types of activities, aerobic exercise (50-70% intensity), intense intermittent exercise, and resistance exercise (30-70% 1RM) have the same effects in reducing the resistance levels of diabetic patients.
Conclusion: Aerobic exercises with medium and high intensity and especially combined exercises (aerobic and resistance) while improving adipokines, decreasing leptin and resistin levels, and also increasing adiponectin in diabetic patients.
Batool Yamani Ardakani, Maliehe Mobarakian, Vali Bahrevar, Moradali Zareipour, Sadegh Kazemi, Mojtaba Fattahi Ardakani,
Volume 24, Issue 2 (6-2024)
Abstract
Background: Despite the increased use of complementary medicine by diabetic patients, there is no clear estimation of complementary and herbal medicine use by these patients in Iran. This study was conducted to investigate the uses of herbal medicine among patients with type II diabetes in Yazd, Iran, in 2022.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 633 patients with type II diabetes referred to the Diabetes Research Center in Yazd City from June to September 2022. A questionnaire-based theory of planned behavior developed and validated by the researcher was used for data collection. In addition to demographics and disease-related information, the instrument included questions about using herbal medicine used. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square, Fisher's exact, and linear regression tests were used to analyze the data.
Results: The most common herb used was cinnamon (34.7%). The majority of patients used herbs daily (56.9%). Using herbal medicine was significantly associated with Attitude (r= 0.48, p< 0.001) Subjective norm (r= 0.39, p< 0.001), perceived behavior control (r= 0.38, p< 0.001) and intention (r= 0.4, p< 0.001). Constructs of the theory of planned behavior 73% predicted intention to use herbal medicine. Subjective norm structure had the highest predictive power of intention to consume herbal medicine (ß= 0.49, p< 0.001).
Conclusion: Subjective norm is the most predictor of intention to use Herbal medicines in patients with diabetes. Therefore, it is very important to pay attention to the beliefs, customs, and culture of the surrounding community in the correct self-management of disease control and the use of effective drug control.
Mehrdad Yousefinejad, Mahnaz Omidi, Abdolhossin Taheri Kalani,
Volume 24, Issue 3 (7-2024)
Abstract
Background: Diabetes is a global epidemic and the most common metabolic disorder caused by impaired insulin secretion and glucose metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of aerobic training on serum levels of asprosin and insulin resistance index in diabetic rats.
Methods: The statistical population of this research included 40 10-week-old mice with an initial weight of 250 ± 20 grams, which were randomly divided into four groups (10 mice in each group): diabetic-exercise group (DT), diabetic group - Control (DC), healthy-training group (HT) and healthy-control group (HC) were divided. The program of aerobic exercises was performed for 8 weeks (5 sessions per week) in the form of running on a treadmill. Independent t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey's post hoc test were used to compare the groups. All data were analyzed at a significance level of 0.05 using SPSS-25 software.
Results: The results of the present study showed that streptozotocin injection induced diabetes in mice (P= 0.001). Induction of diabetes caused a significant increase in the serum levels of asprosin and insulin resistance in mice (P= 0.048 and P= 0.012, respectively). Eight weeks of aerobic training decreased the serum levels of asprosin and decreased insulin resistance in diabetic rats (P= 0.001 and P= 0.036, respectively).
Conclusion: Induced diabetes causes insulin resistance and increase in serum levels of asprosine, which can be improved by performing aerobic exercises.
Arash Parsayyrad, Davood Khorshidi, Fatemeh Kiani,
Volume 24, Issue 3 (7-2024)
Abstract
Background: Transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) is one of the strongest genetic risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 10 weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT) on hepatic TCF7L2 expression in T2DM rats.
Methods: In this experimental study, fourteen males Wistar rats with T2DM induced by streptozotocin-nicotinamide injection were randomly divided into exercise (n=7) and control (n=7) groups. The exercise group performed the HIIT protocol on a treadmill for 10 weeks and 5 days per week. Hepatic TCF7L2 expression, blood glucose level, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), insulin and insulin resistance were measured 48 hours after the last training session. Data were analyzed by independent T test at P< 0.05.
Results: Hepatic TCF7L2 expression and serum insulin were significantly higher in the exercise group compared to the control group (P˂0.05). Blood glucose level, HbA1c and insulin resistance were significantly lower in the exercise group than in the control group (P˂0.05).
Conclusion: Based on these findings, it seems that the improved glycemic control in response to HIIT is partially dependent on the inhibition of gluconeogenesis caused by increased hepatic TCF7L2 expression.
Farzaneh Shojaei, Zohreh Latifi, Sheida Jabalameli, Mansour Siavash,
Volume 24, Issue 4 (10-2024)
Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes is a common disease, which is associated with psychological problems. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of self-healing on difficulties in emotion regulation and blood sugar index in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: This research was semi-experimental (pre-test, post-test, follow-up with control group). The statistical population consisted of 300 people with type 2 diabetes who visited Sedighe Tahereh Clinic in Isfahan in 2021. Of these, 40 people were selected through purposive sampling and were assigned randomly in the experimental and control groups. Data collection tool was Gratz and Romer’s (2004) Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) and laboratory equipment to measure blood sugar index. the experimental groups underwent 12 sessions of self-healing therapy and the control group did not receive any treatment. Analysis of variance with repeated measures and Bonferroni’s post hoc test were used to analyze the data. SPSS version 24 was used to analyze the data
Results: The results showed that self-healing has an effect on difficulties in emotion regulation and blood sugar index (P<0.05) and this result is continuous (P<0.05).
Conclusions: According to the results, it can be said that self-healing is effective in manegment of blood sugar of people with type 2 diabetes.
Mrs Fatemeh Solhdoust, Dr. Mohammad Sherafati Moghadam, Dr. Bahare Zare,
Volume 24, Issue 5 (12-2023)
Abstract
Background: Endoplasmic reticulum stress leads to unfolded or folded protein response, and ATF4 and CHOP proteins play very important roles in this signalling pathway; Therefore, the aim of this research is the effect of resistance training on the content of ATF4 and CHOP proteins in the left ventricle of the heart of type 2 diabetic rats.
Methods: In this experimental study, 12 two-month-old male SpragueDawley rats were selected and their weight reached an average of 280±20 gr after four weeks. Type 2 diabetes was induced by injecting nicotinamide solutions (110 mg/kg) and streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). The rats were randomly divided into 2 groups, resistance training and diabetic control; Resistance training consisted of 8 weeks and 3 sessions per week of climbing a vertical ladder with an 85-degree slope, one meter long with 26 steps and 2 cm space between each step. To analyze data, independent t-test was used in SPSS version 29 and Graphpad Prism version 10.2.3. A significance level of P≤0.05 is considered.
Results: The content of ATF4 and CHOP proteins after 8 weeks of resistance training showed a significant change compared to the control group in the left ventricle of the heart (P=0.001).
Conclusion: The increase of ATF4 and CHOP proteins can lead to increased cell death of cardiomyocytes in the left ventricle of the heart of type 2 diabetic subjects through increasing the endoplasmic reticulum stress and initiating the unfolded or folded protein response.
Hamed Alizadeh Pahlavani,
Volume 24, Issue 5 (12-2023)
Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance and hyperglycemia and can lead to heart disease. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of MIIT on the S6K1 pathway in the myocardium, which is related to the control of cell growth and proliferation.
Methods: In this study, 12 two-month-old male Sprague Dawley rats with an average weight of 280±30 grams participated. To induce diabetes, nicotinamide and streptozotocin solutions were injected with a dose of 110 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg, respectively. The blood sugar of rats was determined between 126-260 mg/dL as an indicator of type 2 diabetes. After the induction of diabetes, the rats were randomly divided into diabetic training group (6 heads) and diabetic control group (6 heads). The diabetic training group trained for 4 weeks and 4 sessions every week. 24 hours after the last training session, the left ventricle of heart was isolated and the amount of protein was measured by western blotting method. Variables were analyzed through independent t-tests. The significance level of study was considered P≤0.05.
Results: The analysis of the data showed that the intracellular content of total, phosphorylated and the ratio of total to phosphorylated S6K1 protein did not show any significant change after 4 weeks of MIIT.
Conclusions: It seems that after 4 weeks of MIIT, S6K1 protein does not change significantly, so it seems that the duration and intensity of training and nutritional conditions to increase S6K1 phosphorylation should be considered in future research.
Sheida Dadashzade, Shahrbanoo Dehrouyeh, Farhad Mashayekh Bakhshi,
Volume 24, Issue 5 (12-2023)
Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of self-compassion training on distress tolerance, anxiety sensitivity and emotional self-control in women with type 2 diabetes.
Method: This research was experimental and semi-experimental using the pre-test-post-test method with a control group. The statistical population of the intended research included all women with type 2 diabetes in 2023 who visited endocrinologists' offices in Sari, who were selected using a targeted method and then randomly divided into two experimental and control groups were placed. Data were collected using Simmons and Gaher's distress tolerance questionnaire, Tanji's emotional self-control anxiety sensitivity. Then, the data were analyzed using multivariate and single-variable covariance methods in SPSS-24 software.
Findings: The results showed that the treatment focused on compassion is effective on distress tolerance, anxiety sensitivity and emotional self-control of women with type 2 diabetes.
Conclusion: In fact, the treatment focused on compassion makes the person distance himself from blaming, condemning and self-criticism, which are all examples of lack of emotional self-control, and instead stabilizes his emotional self-control in the first stage and gradually be strengthened.
Mrs Fatemeh Solhdoust, Dr. Mohammad Sherafati Moghadam, Mrs Mitra Tajari,
Volume 24, Issue 5 (12-2023)
Abstract
Background: Diabetes can disrupt the balance of cell death through different cell pathways, and exercise or consumption supplements can be effective in maintaining the balance of cell death types; Therefore, the purpose of this research is the effect of magnesium supplementation and exercise training on the content of CREB2 and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) in the left ventricle of the heart of type 2 diabetic rats.
Methods: In this experimental study, 24 2-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats with an average weight of 280±20 grams were selected. Type 2 diabetes was induced by injecting nicotinamide and streptozotocin solutions. The rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, 1) control, 2) supplement, 3) training and 4) training+supplement; Resistance training consisted of 8 weeks and 3 weekly sessions of climbing a ladder. Magnesium supplement was given to rats once a day. To analyze the data, one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc tests were used in SPSS version 29.
Results: Eight weeks of magnesium supplementation and resistance training led to a significant change in the content of CREB2 and CHOP proteins between groups in the left ventricle of the heart (p=0.001). A significant decrease was observed in the groups of resistance training + magnesium supplement and magnesium supplement compared to the control group (p≥0.05); But the resistance training group had increased compared to the control group (p≥0.05).
Conclusion: The increase and decrease of CREB2 and CHOP proteins in the left ventricle of the heart can lead to improvement and physiological adaptation, like a bilateral mechanism.
Phd Saleh Afrasyabi,
Volume 24, Issue 5 (12-2023)
Abstract
Results: After 12 weeks of combined, aerobic, high intensity and resistance training, anti-inflammatory indices (adiponectin and SFRP5) showed a significant increase compared to the baseline (before starting the training program) (P < 0.05). Regarding pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory indicators (IL-6, TNF-α, resistin and leptin), a significant decrease was observed in all groups after 12 weeks of training program (P < 0.05). In this study, a significant improvement in weight loss and blood glucose was observed after 12 weeks of exercise program in all 4 exercise groups (P < 0.05). In the second part of the findings (non-training or durability of training effect), it was resistance training that showed a lower percentage decrease (P < 0.05) in anti-inflammatory indices and an increase in pro-inflammatory and inflammatory indices after 12 weeks of non-training, which showed the durability It shows more recovery in obese type 2 diabetic patients (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: The findings of the research showed that high-intensity interval training after 12 weeks can cause a greater effect on inflammatory, pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory indicators compared to aerobic, combined and resistance training. But this is the resistance exercise that caused the reduction in inflammatory, pro-inflammatory indicators and increase in anti-inflammatory indicators in obese type 2 diabetic patients to be more permanent.
