Showing 50 results for Obesity
Yazdan Ahmadi, Parisa Shabanzadeh,
Volume 19, Issue 6 (8-2020)
Abstract
Background: Over the past half-century, the prevalence of obesity and related metabolic disorders such as fat disorders, cardiovascular disease, myocardial infarction and stroke have increased dramatically. Various types of organisms, including bacteria, fungi, protozoan, and viruses, have evolved to live in the human gut, called microbiota. Scientists have found that thin people have a balanced microbiota in their gut that causes them to lose weight, so they use a method called fecal grafting and fecal capsules to treat obesity. The aim of this study is to introduce fecal graft and its capsule in the treatment of drug-resistant obesity.
Methods: This article is a systematic review of the study which English and Persian articles are obtained from regular search of Internet resources using logical AND, OR function between keywords in Pub Med, Google scholar databases using English keywords, FMT, obesity, poop capsule, weight loss has been done from 2010-2020. The total search for fecal transplant related resources was 474 articles. Then, by applying the time filter, this number was reduced to 237 articles. In the final stage, by eliminating duplicate articles and examining the relationship of articles with the subject under study, 23 articles were selected as relevant and final sources.
Results: In the treatment of obesity with FMT, the donor's stool is transferred to the recipient after screening and necessary tests using various methods such as enema or colonoscopy, and then the recipient gradually loses weight by receiving a balanced microbiota of the donor. Instead of a stool transplant, which is a relatively invasive procedure, stool capsules consisting of the donor's dried stool can be used.
Conclusions: Stool transplantation and fecal capsule are an effective method in weight loss of obese people (BMI> 30) with due consideration. Due to the novelty of the treatment method, further studies in this field, especially clinical studies of this method in the treatment of obese people in the country are also recommended.
Mahmoud Asle Mohamadi Zadeh, Saleh Afrasyabi, Zynab Asle Mohamadi,
Volume 20, Issue 2 (1-2021)
Abstract
Background: Inflammation is one of the main causes of obesity and type 2 diabetes due to obesity and can increase metabolic disorders. Because exercise and diet are effective in reducing inflammation, Hence, Present Study Examined the Effects Of 24 Weeks Interventions On IL-6 Index Changes in Obesity Type 2 Diabetic Men: Influenced by HIIT And Diet Regimes
Methods: In this study, 70 men (Obese Type 2 Diabetic Patients) were randomly assigned into 7 groups (4 groups in different diet plus HIIT intervention and 3 groups only in different diet) that involved adherence to a 1,200 kcal/day for 1 week until 1,900 kcal/d diet for 24 weeks while participating in a supervised HIIT (12 week) followed with 4 weeks primarily diet regimes. Diet regimes consist of standard diet (50% CHO, 32% fat), low carbohydrate diet (25% CHO, 57% fat; 70% of 57% fat was unsaturated fat), low fat diet (67% CHO, 15% fat) and high fat (25% CHO, 57% fat; 50% of 57% fat was saturates fat), while protein was 18% for all groups. Anthropometrics and physiologies parameters, Body composition and fasting blood samples were obtained at 0, 4, 8, 14, 20 and 24 weeks. Data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis, one-way ANOVA test. Data are presented as mean±SD changes from baseline.
Results: results indicated that between differences times wasn’t show significant different (F (5,315) =3.66; P=0.002; η2=0.055). also results demonstrated that within groups changes interactions don’t show significant different (F (5,315) =1.61; P=0.025; η2=0.133). This results also revelated that maximum increase and decrease of IL-6 was in high fat diet (28.09±19.80) and low CHO+HIIT (-28.89±25.13) after 24 weeks interventions. maximum increase and decrease of IL-6 was in high fat diet (26.74±25.33) and low fat +HIIT (-32.11±29.17) After 12 weeks HIIT + diet interventions.
Conclusion: Results support contentions that different diet regimes and exercise were selectively affects Pro Inflammatory markers and that changes in low CHO and low fat plus HIIT and low CHO meals plus with HIIE may be benefit for obese type 2 diabetic patients
Ammar Rashet, Ahmad Abdi,
Volume 21, Issue 2 (7-2021)
Abstract
Background: Evidence has suggested that high-fat diet (HFD) promote hyperinsulinemia and pancreatic islet dysfunction with insulin resistance in adipose tissue. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of aerobic exercise and capsaicin on the gene expression of pancreaticPdx1 and GLUT2 in Rats HFD.
Methods: this experimental study, 40 male Wistar rats were fed a normal diet (ND, n = 8) or high-fat diet (HFD) (n = 32) for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, all rats were divided into 5 groups: normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HFD), high-fat diet-training (HFDT), high-fat diet-capsaicin (HFDCap), high-fat diet-training-capsaicin (HFDTCap). Training groups have performed a moderate intensity aerobic running program (60-50% VO2max, at 15-25 m/min, 30-60 min/day, and 5 days/week) on a motor-driven treadmill for eight weeks. Capsaicin (4 mg/kg/day) were administered orally, by gavage, once a day. Data were analyzed using ANOVA at p<0.05.
Results: the results showed significant increase in expression of Pdx1 and GLUT2 in HFDT (p = 0.002 and p = 0.003, respectively), HFDCap (p = 0.022 and p = 0.026, respectively) and HFDTCap (p = 0.000 and p = 0.000, respectively) groups.
Conclusion: also, a significant increase in the expression of Pdx1 and GLUT2 was observed in the HFDTCap compared to the HFDCap (respectively P=0.037, and p=0.044).
The results showed that HFD impaired pancreatic beta cell function and that aerobic exercise alone and with capsaicin could significantly increase islet cell function by increasing Pdx1 and GLUT2 expression.
Zahra Hajhashemy, Elham Moslemi, Parvane Saneei,
Volume 21, Issue 2 (7-2021)
Abstract
Background: Although the relation of serum vitamin D levels with abdominal obesity has been investigated by previous observational studies, the results are inconsistent. In the current study, a dose-response meta-analysis was conducted on epidemiologic studies that evaluated this association in adults.
Methods: We performed a systematic search of all published articles, up to May 2020, in five electronic databases. A total of 41 observational studies that reported odds ratios (ORs) or relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for abdominal obesity in relation to serum vitamin D levels in adults were found.
Results: Meta-analysis on 36 cross-sectional studies (combining 44 effect sizes) with 257699 participants, illustrated that the highest serum vitamin D level in comparison with the lowest serum vitamin D level was significantly related to 23% decreased odds of central obesity (OR=0.77; 95%CI:0.71-0.83). This inverse association was also significant in almost all subgroups based on different covariates. Based on dose-response analysis, each 25 nmol/l increase in serum vitamin D levels, was related to 8% reduced risk of central obesity (OR=0.92;95%CI:0.85,0.99). After limiting the analysis to 23 effect sizes from 17 studies with representative population (242135 participants), the same results were obtained (OR=0.79; 95%CI: 0.71-0.87). Based on dose-response analysis on studies with representative populations, each 25 nmol/l increase in blood vitamin D levels was linked to 10% decreased central adiposity risk(OR=0.90; 95%CI: 0.82, 0.99).
Conclusion: In this meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies, we demonstrated an inverse significant relation between serum vitamin D levels and risk of central obesity in adults, in a dose-response manner. The same findings were obtained in representative populations.
Mahnaz Omidi, Parya Vismoradi,
Volume 21, Issue 6 (3-2022)
Abstract
Background: Adipulin is a hormone secretd by fat cells that acts as a metabolic regulator with anti-inflammatory properties and is reduced through obesity, diabetes and inflammation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effect of high and moderate intensity aerobic exercise on serum adipolin levels and some indicators of metabolic syndrome in obese women.
Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 36 people were randomly divided into three groups of 12 people (2 experimental groups and one control group). Aerobic exercise group with an intensity of 85-95% of maximum heart rate performed intermittent walking and running on the treadmill for 33 minutes per session and exercise group with an intensity of 50-70% of maximum heart rate walked continuously for 41 minutes. (Training duration for 2 groups was 8 weeks and 3 sessions per week, The control group was not active during this period). One-way analysis of variance statistical and Bonferroni post hoc tests were used at the significant level (P> 0.05).
Results: High intensity aerobic exercise significantly increased serum adipolin levels (P= 0.001) and decreased total cholesterol (P= 0.020), triglyceride (P= 0.021) and insulin resistance (P= 0.001). The results also showed no significant differences in the levels of high-density lipoprotein (P= 0.615), low-density lipoprotein (P= 0.604), and blood pressure (P= 0.269) in the three groups. Medium-intensity aerobic exercise had no effect on serum adipoline levels (P= 0.192), only glucose, (P= 0.025), triglycerides (P= 0.010), systolic blood pressure (P= 0.028) and insulin (P= 0.043) decreased and the levels of cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein did not change significantly.
Conclusion: In the end, it can be said that it seems that individuals can use high-intensity aerobic exercise to increase the amount of adipolin as an indicator of improving insulin sensitivity and also improving the indicators of metabolic syndrome.
Bahman Hasanvand, Ahmad Mohammadi Moghaddam, Rohollah Geravand,
Volume 22, Issue 1 (4-2022)
Abstract
Background: The aging process is usually accompanied by a decrease in the function of the body's systems and physiological capacity, along with an increase in susceptibility to diseases, especially metabolic syndrome. This study looked at the effect of eight weeks of resistance training on levels of Irisin, IL-15, CRP, and Cholesterol in elderly men with metabolic syndrome.
Methods: The statistical population was elderly men in Khorramabad, of whom 18 were selected and randomly divided into two experimental groups and control (65/2±2/2, 65/4±2/1). The exercise program included leg presses, chest presses, row movements, bending the knees, head, back of the arm, opening of the knees and front of the arm. The above program started with 30% of a maximum repetition and reached 50% of a maximum repetition at the end of the eighth week. Blood samples were taken 48 hours before and after the training sessions. Correlated t-test and independent t-test were used to examine the research data. The level of significance was also considered (P<0.05).
Results: Eight weeks’ resistance exercise significant increase in Irisin (P=0.01) and interleukin-15 (P=0.007), as well as a significantly decreased levels of CRP (P=0.007) and total cholesterol(P=0.02) in elderly men with metabolic syndrome.
Conclusion: Finding non-pharmacological solutions to improve metabolic indicators is very important. Based on the results of research, doing resistance exercises is recommended as a low-cost and non-pharmacological solution for the treatment of metabolic syndrome in elderly men.
Mahdieh Ghasemi, Ahmad Abdi, Asieh Abbassi Daloii,
Volume 22, Issue 5 (12-2022)
Abstract
Background: Inflammation plays a critical role in the promotion of hepatocyte damage and liver fibrosis. In recent years the protective role of exercise and royal jelly (RJ), has been suggested for metabolic and inflammatory disorders. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of aerobic training (AT) and RJ on pro-inflammatory markers in a rat's model of a high-fat diet (HFD).
Methods: In this experimental study, 45 male rats were randomly divided into five groups (Each group: n=9): Normal Diet (ND), High-Fat Diet (HFD), High-Fat Diet +Training (HFDT), High-Fat Diet + Royal Jelly (HFDRJ), and High-Fat Diet +Training + Royal Jelly (HFDTRJ). The supplement groups received 100 mg of royal jelly (kg/body weight) diluted in distilled water orally during the intervention period. The aerobic exercise program included treadmill running with an intensity of 50-60% oxygen consumption (VO2max), 5 days/week for 8 weeks.
Results: HFD increased hepatic NF-κB (p=0.006), TNF-α (p=0.0001) and IL-1β (p=0.0001). AT, RJ as well as the combination of AT with RJ decreased NF-κB, TNF-α and IL-1β (p≤0.05). Decrease in NF-κB, TNF-α and IL-1β were significant in HFDTRJ group compared to HFDT and HFDRJ groups (p≤0.05).
Conclusion: The combination of AT and RJ may decrease inflammatory markers and improve HFD-induced hepatic steatosis by reducing the expression of NF-κB, TNF-α, and IL-1β.
Mohammad Javad Pourvaghar, Saeid Reza Noorimofrad, Mousa Khalafi,
Volume 23, Issue 6 (1-2024)
Abstract
Background: Adiponectin is one of the most well-known adipokines with anti-inflammatory effects that plays an important role in regulating the whole-body metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) versus moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) on the circulating levels of adiponectin in individuals with and without metabolic disorders.
Methods: A systematic search was conducted in the databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Academic Jihad Center and Magiran using the keywords "HIIT" and "adiponectin" to identify Persian and English languages published articles until October 2022. Effect size (SMD) and 95% confidence interval were calculated using CMA2 software. I2 test for calculation of the heterogeneity and visual interpretation of funnel plot test and Egger test for assessment of the publication bias were used.
Results: Data analysis of 28 interventions (24 studies) showed that HIIT resulted in a significant increase in adiponectin [0.40 CI: 0.12 to 0.68), P=0.004]. Also, the data analysis of eight interventions showed that HIIT led to a non-significant increase in adiponectin compared to the MICT [0.41 CI: -0.04 to 0.86), P=0.07].
Conclusions: The findings of the present study showed that HIIT is a suitable and efficient training method to increase adiponectin, especially in people with metabolic disorders.
Hanieh-Sadat Ejtahed, Shirin Hasani-Ranjbar, Hanieh Malmir, Azin Pakmehr, Rezvan Razmande, Yasaman Khorshidi, Golaleh Asghari, Ahmadreza Soroush, Afshin Ostovar, Bagher Larijani,
Volume 23, Issue 6 (1-2024)
Abstract
Background: Considering the increasing and alarming trend of overweight and obesity as well as its related complications, in this study, a comprehensive clinical guide for the medical care of patients with obesity was written based on the clinical recommendations of the American Endocrinology Association and the American College of Endocrinology, and it has been adjusted as much as possible based on the conditions in Iran.
Methods: A complete search was performed in the available databases without any restrictions with a specific strategy. Using the opinions of experts in this field, the best clinical guidelines were selected and obesity clinical guidelines were written for Iranian adults. Recommendations were given based on a detailed review of available clinical evidence and considering objective factors.
Results: A total of 1788 references were used and in response to 9 clinical questions, 123 recommendations, including 160 special statements, were provided to determine a comprehensive medical care program for obesity. In this article, we discuss the prevention, screening, diagnosis, benefits and goals of obesity treatment. Questions 6 to 9 regarding obesity treatment steps and its individualization will be published in the next part of the article.
Conclusion: The detailed evidence-based questions and recommendations outlined in this study identify clinical considerations that facilitate decision-making in obese patients from screening and diagnosis to goals of treatment.
Hanieh-Sadat Ejtahed, Shirin Hasani-Ranjbar, Hanieh Malmir, Rezvan Razmandeh, Azin Pakmehr, Yasaman Khorshidi, Golaleh Asghari, Amir Mohammad Mortazavian, Mohammad Reza Mohajer-Tehrani, Afshin Ostovar, Bagher Larijani,
Volume 24, Issue 1 (3-2024)
Abstract
Background: The prevalence of overweight, obesity and related complications is increasing rapidly in the world. Also, treating this disease in the presence or absence of co-morbidities has become a challenge. In this article, based on the clinical recommendations of the American Endocrinology Association and the American College of Endocrinology, a comprehensive clinical guide has been written for the stages of treating obese patients and its individualization, and it has been tried to be adjusted as much as possible based on the conditions in Iran.
Methods: with a specific search strategy, a complete search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, EMBASE and Google Scholar Cochrane databases. Then, the best clinical guidelines suitable for the Iranian society were selected and using the opinions of specialists and clinical experts, a clinical guideline was prepared for the treatment of obesity in Iranian adults.
Results: In this article, in continuation of the previous article, we answered the questions number 4 to 6 regarding the stages of obesity treatment and its individualization in adults of Iranian society, and presented a total of 60 recommendations in this regard.
Conclusion: In this part of the clinical guide for obesity in Iranian adults, we tried to have a special view on the treatment of these patients and by providing evidence-based recommendations and statements, the treatment process was personalized as much as possible for patients with special conditions so that decision-making in this regard is facilitated for the relevant colleagues in this field.
Hamid Reza Zolfi, Amir Shakib, Mehdi Zarei, Nagisa Farhangi,
Volume 24, Issue 4 (10-2024)
Abstract
Background: The effects of regular exercise on miRNA profile and oxidative stress indices are less known. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in expression of miR-17 and oxidative stress indices in overweight and obese women following high-intensity functional training.
Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 22 overweight and obese women were randomly divided into two groups of high-intensity functional training (n= 10) and control (n= 12). The subjects of the training group performed high-intensity functional exercises 3 times a week for 8 weeks and intensity of rating of perceived exertion≥7. Before and after 8 weeks, blood samples were taken to measure expression of miR-17 gene, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Analysis of covariance test was used to analyze the data.
Results: After eight weeks of high-intensity functional training, expression of miR-17 in the experimental group significantly decreased compared to the control group (P= 0.001). After eight weeks of high-intensity functional training, TAC (P= 0.0001), GPX (P= 0.007) and SOD (P= 0.001) increased significantly in the experimental group compared to the control group. No significant change was observed in MDA (P= 0.778).
Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that eight weeks of high-intensity functional training may lead to the reduction of miR-17 expression and the improvement of oxidative stress indices and antioxidant enzymes, which may be effective in improving metabolic indices and obesity complications.
Omid Zafarmand, Fatemeh Kazeminasab,
Volume 25, Issue 1 (4-2025)
Abstract
Background: Physical activity and green tea are one of the recommended ways to control obesity and its complications such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and liver inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the combined effect of exercise training and green tea on lipid profile in adults with overweight and obesity.
Methods: A systematic search of English and Persian articles published in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, SID, Civilica, and Magiran databases was conducted until June 2024.
Results: A total of 14 studies with 390 adults with overweight and obesity, of which 198 subjects were in the combined exercise and green tea group with an average age of 34 years old and BMI with an average of 30 kg.m2, of which 192 subjects in the control group with an average age of 34 years old and BMI with an average of 31 kg.m2 entered the present meta-analysis. The results showed that the combination of exercise training and green tea caused a significant decrease in TC [WMD=-22.923 mg/dL, P=0.001], TG [WMD=-9.946 mg/dL, P=0.001], LDL [WMD=-11.675 mg/dL, P=0.001] and significant increase in HDL [WMD=8.888 mg/dL, P=0.017] in adults with overweight and obesity, compared to the control group.
Conclusion: The results of this meta-analysis showed that the combination of exercise training and green tea in overweight and obese adults decreases TC, TG, LDL and increases HDL. Therefore, exercise and green tea can be suggested to to adults with overweight and obesity as a non-medicinal and practical solution to improve lipid profile.
Saleh Afrasyabi,
Volume 25, Issue 3 (7-2025)
Abstract
Background: Today, obesity is closely related to metabolic syndrome and especially type 2 diabetes, which changes the secretion and release of adipocytokines, and different training programs have different results on these indicators. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to investigate the durability of changes caused by exercise programs on adipocytokine indices of obese type 2 diabetic patients.
Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 45 obese men with type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into a control group (no exercise) and 4 exercise groups (aerobic, combined, resistance and high-intensity interval). The exercise program of the groups was considered based on the calories consumed in each session. The participants performed 12 weeks of training programs and 12 weeks of non-training. Physiological, anthropometric indicators and inflammatory and pro-inflammatory indicators (IL-6, TNF-α, resistin and leptin) and anti-inflammatory indicators (adiponectin and SFRP5) were measured before the program and at weeks 6, 12, 18 and 24. became.
Results: After 12 weeks of combined, aerobic, high intensity and resistance training, anti-inflammatory indices (adiponectin and SFRP5) showed a significant increase compared to the baseline (before starting the training program) (P< 0.05). Regarding pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory indicators (IL-6, TNF-α, resistin and leptin), a significant decrease was observed in all groups after 12 weeks of training program (P< 0.05). In this study, a significant improvement in weight loss and blood glucose was observed after 12 weeks of exercise program in all 4 exercise groups (P< 0.05). In the second part of the findings (non-training or durability of training effect), it was resistance training that showed a lower percentage decrease (P< 0.05) in anti-inflammatory indices and an increase in pro-inflammatory and inflammatory indices after 12 weeks of non-training, which showed the durability It shows more recovery in obese type 2 diabetic patients (P< 0.05).
Conclusion: The findings of the research showed that high-intensity interval training after 12 weeks can cause a greater effect on inflammatory, pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory indicators compared to aerobic, combined and resistance training. But this is the resistance exercise that caused the reduction in inflammatory, pro-inflammatory indicators and increase in anti-inflammatory indicators in obese type 2 diabetic patients to be more permanent. Therefore, the effectiveness of resistance training in non-training conditions from three methods of high-intensity interval training, aerobic and combined (aerobic + resistance) has a greater effect on low-grade inflammation and results in a longer recovery in obese type 2 diabetic patients.
Alireza Bagheri, Mehdy Morady, Mohammad Malekipooya, Bahram Abedi,
Volume 25, Issue 3 (7-2025)
Abstract
Background: Obesity is a multifactorial disease whose incidence and burden on societies around the world is increasing. Sexual performance in these patients is an important aspect that is often ignored. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of a period of endurance training along with electrical stimulation on the gene expression of some sex markers in testicular tissue of fasted obese rats.
Methods: In this experimental study, with a control group of 40 male Wistar rats (8 weeks old, weighing 200±19 grams), after induction of obesity and weight gain, randomly divided into 5 groups of 8: control, fasting-obese, fasting-endurance exercise, fasting-electrical stimulation and Fasting-endurance training-electrical stimulation were divided. Intervention groups for a period of 4 weeks under endurance sports activity (with a speed of 10 to 20 m/min and duration of 20 to 40 minutes), electrical stimulation (foot shock device for 0.5 mA and 20 minutes) and fasting (8 to 16 hours) were placed. After exercise and anesthesia, tissue sampling was done and after molecular processes, gene expression was measured using Real time-PCR machine. For data analysis, two-way analysis of variance test was used at a significance level of P< 0.05 and GraphPad software.
Results: The results showed that endurance training led to a significant increase in the expression of 5αR and aromatase genes in fasting obese rats compared to the obese group (P= 0.0001). Also, electrical stimulation and its combination with endurance training led to a significant increase in the expression of 5αR gene (P= 0.0001), but this increase was not significant in Aromatase gene (P= 0.377).
Conclusion: It seems that endurance training and electrical stimulation during fasting by increasing the expression of 5-alpha reductase and aromatase genes in obese samples is effective in their sexual health and leads to its improvement. Also, a combination of electrical stimulation and exercise can have positive effects on this process, but more studies are needed.
Khadigeh Zameni Jafarkolaei, Mohammadreza Esmaelzadeh Toloee,
Volume 25, Issue 4 (9-2025)
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to compare the effects of high-intensity interval games and high intensity interval training on body composition indicators, aerobic capacity and lipid profiles of obese and overweight girls aged 10 to 12 years.
Methods: In this semi-experimental research, 30 girls (average height 149.26 ± 5.32 m, weight 67.41 ± 7.65 kg, and body mass index 30.14 ± 2.3 kg/m2) with overweight and obesity participated and were randomly divided into the groups of high intensity interval training (10), high intensity interval game (10) and the control (10). Training programs for eight weeks(3d/w), (90-85% of maximum heart rate) and 3-minute recovery (65-75% of maximum heart rate) with 4 times Repetition was done, which was done in the form of running in high intensity interval training and in the form of playing in high intensity interval game. Blood samples were taken to measure the serum levels of lipid profiles (48 hours before and after the intervention period).
Results: The two training groups compared to the control group, increased aerobic capacity and High-density lipoprotein (HDL) and body fat percentage, Triglyceride (TG), Total Cholesterol (TC) and Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (P< 0.010) showed a significant decrease and between the two training groups in TG, LDL and HDL (P< 0.01) was a significant difference, with a greater increase in HDL and a greater decrease in TG and LDL was accompanied in the high intensity game group.
Conclusion: High intensity interval games can be suggested as a more suitable solution to improve the lipid profile of obese and overweight girls.
Zahra Hoseini Tavassol, Mona Tamaddon, Hanieh-Sadat Ejtahed, Bagher Larijani,
Volume 25, Issue 5 (12-2025)
Abstract
Desmond et al. (2025) have recently shown that subcutaneous injections of Mycobacterium vaccae ATCC 15483(M. vaccae) in adolescent male mice significantly prevented excessive weight gain and visceral adiposity induced by a Western-style diet. Despite no change in gut microbiota diversity, this intervention lowered hippocampal neuroinflammation markers (Nfkbia, Nlrp3) and anxiety-like behaviors. Since more than one billion people worldwide and about 30% of Iranian population are influenced by obesity, and this disease caused one in eight deaths from noncommunicable diseases in 2024, these microbiome-based strategies could have clinical value. Such approaches that target immunometabolic pathways represent a promising and interdisciplinary strategy that integrates endocrinology, microbiology, and the psychosomatic aspects of metabolic disorders. Nevertheless, M. vaccae media portrayal as an obesity vaccine causes misunderstanding. This treatment reduces, but does not completely hinder, diet-associated weight gain and could not be replaced with healthy diet habits. However, it could be considered as a supplementary approach to reduce the adverse effects of ultra-processed food consumption and could potentially augment existing obesity treatments, such as microbiome-based interventions, pharmaceutical therapies, and bariatric surgery. More extensive clinical trials are required to determine human efficacy, optimal dosing, safety, and integration with current obesity therapies.
Mansoureh Karimi, Fatemeh Sharafifard, Fatemeh Kazeminasab,
Volume 25, Issue 6 (1-2026)
Abstract
Background: Metabolic syndrome in obese children and adolescents raises the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Research suggests that exercise training may improve cardiometabolic health in this population. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the impact of exercise on these risk factors in children and adolescents with metabolic syndrome., and behavioral outcomes in children and promoting awareness, self-care skills, and quality of life in families.
Methods: A systematic search of English and Persian articles was conducted from PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases without time limits until May 2024. In data analysis, a random-effects model was used to calculate the weighted mean difference (WMD), standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Also, heterogeneity of studies was assessed with the I² test.
Results: The results of 6 studies involving 1,761 participants demonstrated that exercise training led to significant reductions in body weight [WMD = −6.32 kg, P=0.001], waist circumference [WMD = −9.11 cm, P=0.001], LDL [WMD = −0.52 mmol/L, P=0.001], TC [WMD = −0.65 mmol/L, P=0.001], serum TG [WMD = -0.56 mmol/L, P=0.001)], fasting glucose [WMD = −0.19 mmol/L, P=0.03], fasting insulin [SMD = −1.01, P=0.001], and HOMA-IR [WMD = −1.60, P=0.001] compared to the control group in obese children and adolescents with metabolic syndrome.
Conclusion: Exercise interventions significantly reduce body weight, waist circumference, and blood pressure, while improving lipid profiles, including serum LDL, TC, and TG levels, in obese children and adolescents with metabolic syndrome. However, these interventions exhibited no significant impact on serum HDL concentrations. Consequently, to reduce cardiovascular risk factors and improve metabolic conditions, it is essential to implement long-term exercise interventions.
Mohammad Reza Astaneh, Sousan Doroudi, Mohammad Ebrahim Astaneh, Narges Fereydouni,
Volume 25, Issue 6 (1-2026)
Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes is rapidly increasing, particularly in the Middle East where central obesity is a major contributor to disease burden. Identifying high-risk individuals requires indices that assess visceral adiposity more effectively than body mass index (BMI). This study compared nine anthropometric indices in relation to diabetes and determined their predictive capacity and optimal cut-off values.
Methods: This cross-sectional analysis included 10,103 adults aged 35–70 years from the FASA cohort. Diabetes was defined as fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL or antidiabetic medication use. Measurements included BMI, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), body roundness index (BRI), body adiposity index (BAI), a body shape index (ABSI), abdominal volume index (AVI), and weight-adjusted waist index (WWI). Associations were examined using logistic regression (crude and adjusted models). Discriminatory accuracy was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, area under the curve (AUC), and Youden's index.
Results: Individuals with diabetes exhibited higher values across anthropometric indices (p< 0.05). In adjusted models, WC, WHR, WHtR, AVI, and WWI remained significant predictors (p< 0.05). WHR demonstrated the highest AUC (0.651, p< 0.001). Optimal cut-off values with high sensitivity and specificity included WHR= 0.91, WHtR= 0.53, and BRI= 4.1.
Conclusion: Central obesity indices—particularly WHR, WHtR, and BRI—demonstrated superior discriminatory capacity for diabetes and support the use of simple waist-based indices for early screening.
Saeed Mamli, Haniye Mardalizade, Rahman Soori,
Volume 26, Issue 1 (4-2026)
Abstract
Background: Regular physical activity is recognized as one of the most effective clinical interventions for reducing Asprosin levels in individuals with obesity. The present review aimed to investigate the effects of physical exercise on serum Asprosin levels in healthy obese men and women.
Methods: This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate up to February 2025. Inclusion criteria comprised studies involving healthy obese adults as participants, with interventions consisting of structured physical activity or exercise protocols. Studies including individuals with normal weight or overweight, or those using dietary supplements, were excluded. Ultimately, six studies met the eligibility criteria. Extracted data included participant characteristics, type and intensity of intervention, exercise duration, and the method of serum Asprosin measurement. Study quality was assessed using the PEDro scale.
Results: A total of six studies examining various types of physical activity—including high-intensity resistance training, aerobic exercise, and combined exercise-dietary interventions—were included. All studies reported that regular physical activity led to reductions in serum Asprosin levels in healthy obese men and women. Despite differences in intervention type and intensity, the overall trend consistently indicated a decrease in Asprosin levels. Due to heterogeneity in study design, intervention type, and duration, a meta-analysis was not feasible, and results were summarized qualitatively.
Conclusion: The findings of this review suggest that high-intensity resistance training has the most pronounced effect on lowering Asprosin levels. Furthermore, combined interventions, such as aerobic-resistance training alongside dietary modifications, demonstrated the greatest impact on reducing Asprosin. Regular physical activity, particularly when performed at higher intensities, plays a crucial role in obesity management through Asprosin reduction.
Ruqayyah Mansouri, Rasoul Shokri, Seyedeh Neda Mousavi, Davoud Afshar,
Volume 26, Issue 1 (4-2026)
Abstract
Background: The present study investigated the effects of curcumin supplementation along with a weight loss diet on the relative abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria in the gut of metabolically healthy obese men.
Methods: In the present double-blinded controlled clinical trial, sixty metabolically healthy obese men (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2) participated. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups receiving curcumin supplementation (500 mg, twice daily) or placebo. The duration of the intervention was eight weeks. The samples were matched for age and dietary intake before the study. Stool samples were collected at the beginning and end of the study and the relative abundance of bacteria was measured after DNA extraction.
Results: The relative abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in men undergoing placebo intervention decreased after 8 weeks (P= 0.04) and was significantly lower than that in the curcumin intervention group (P= 0.003). The mean changes in faecalibacterium prausnitzii increased in the curcumin while they decreased in the placebo group (P= 0.03). In addition, the mean changes in Roseburia intestinalis increased in the curcumin and decreased in the placebo group (P= 0.009).
Conclusion: Weight loss diet leads to a decrease in the relative abundance of butyrogenic bacteria in the gut of obese men, while curcumin supplementation can lead to an increase in the population of these bacteria, as one of the methods of treating obesity.
