Showing 14 results for Cardiovascular Disease
Hossein Fakhrzadeh, Peyman Faridnia, Mehrzad Bahtouei, Mostafa Mohaghegh, Rasool Pourebrahim, Reza Baradar-Jalili, Ali-Reza Vassigh, Masoomeh Nouri,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (7-2002)
Abstract
Introduction: In order to determine the relationship between serum lipid profile and diabetes mellitus as well as other cardiovascular risk factors, we carried out a cross-sectional study of 1255 oil industry workers at the Kharg Island oil terminal.
Methods: Increased levels of total cholesterol (TC≥200mg/dl), triglyceride (TG≥200mg/dl), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL≥130mg/dl) were seen in 32.7%, 39.5% and 18.5% of the workers, respectively. Decreased levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL<40mg/dl) were seen in 13.1% of workers. 61.3% of the workers had a body mass index (BMI) ≥25kg/m2. Visceral obesity (waist circumference >100cm) was seen 32.4% of workers.
Results: There was a direct and significant relationship between TC levels and BMI (p<0.001), and between TG levels and BMI (p<0.0001). The same correlation existed between waist circumference and both TC (p<0.02) and TG (p<0.06). There was also a direct correlation between LDL levels and waist circumference (p<0.04). 10.6% of workers had some disorder of glucose metabolism. There was a direct correlation between diabetes and both TC and HDL levels (p<0.04 and p<0.05, respectively). 42.4% of workers smoked and 57.4% had a sedentary lifestyle. There was a trend toward lower blood glucose and cholesterol levels as the level of physical activity increased (p=0.1 and p=0.08, respectively). There was a significant difference between blue- and white-collar workers in the prevalence of excess weight, visceral obesity, diastolic hypertension, diabetes and cigarette smoking, but not serum lipid profile and level of physical activity.
Conclusion: The significant prevalence of dyslipidaemia and other cardiovascular risk factors in the oil workers of Kharg Island requires systematic preventive interventions to reduce cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in this population.
M Nouri, F Adili , R Pouebrahim, R Heshmat, H Fakhrzadeh,
Volume 3, Issue 0 (7-2004)
Abstract
Introduction: Cigarette smoking is a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease and it has been identified as the single most important cause of cardiovascular accident related deaths in most countries.
Methods: 1573 people who lives in 17th zone of Tehran (Population Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences) were investigated by a cross- sectional study. A group of trained persons collected data by the standard questionnaire that contained demographic and smoking status characteristics. Furthermore the fasting blood samples were taken for more evaluation. Data were analyzed with SPSS software.
Results: According to this study 37/4% of men and 4/2% of women were smoker. There were relationship between cigarette smoking and serum level of homocysteine, Folic Acid, cholesterol, LDL, HDL, Uric Acid, hypertension and BMI (P<0/05). But it was no significant with vitamin B12 and TG statistically.
Conclusion: There were relationship between cigarette smoking and male gender, age, unmarried status and the level of education. So public education should be accomplished in society specially among families for prevention of cardiovascular risk factors.
Hassan Safaei, Masood Amini,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (5-2004)
Abstract
Patients with type 2 diabetes have a higher risk of coronary heart disease and a worse prognosis compared with patients without diabetes. In this study, the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors have been investigated in type 2 diabetic patients.
Methods: A Cross Sectional study with a target population of known type 2 diabetic subjects was conducted in 2002 in Isfahan. From registered patients, 1150 were selected and evaluated for age. sex.duration of diabetes, BMI, hypertension, lipid profile, proteinuria, fasting blood glucose. HbAlc and smoking using convenience sampling methods.
Results: Mean fasting blood glucose and HbAl were 165.16 x 53.4 mg/dl and 9.2+ 3.5 percent respectively. The number of women with 3 cardiovascular risk factors was significantly greater than men (50.7% VS 33.5% PO.001). 19.5% of men and 50.2% of wjomen had high serum cholesterol level (>230 mg/dl). The prevalence of obesity (BMI >30Kg/m2) was 13.6% for men and 30.8% for women. 56.6% were hypertensive and 29.3% had proteinuria (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Cardiovascular risk factors are present in a considerable proportion of studied type 2 diabetic patients. Control of risk factors and life style modifications should be tightly considered in order to decrease the prevalence ofTHD in the up -coming years of their life.
Hossein Fakhrzadeh, Rasoul Pourebrahim, Fatemeh Bandarian, Ramin Heshmat, Fouruzan Djalilpour, Masoumeh Noori, Ozra Tabatabaie, Farzaneh Zahedi, Iman Rahimi, Sara Ghotbi,
Volume 4, Issue 1 (7-2004)
Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular disease is one of the major leading cause of death in Iran. There is a strong association between parental history of cardiovascular disease clustering of risk factors in the offspring. Detection and treatment of cardiovascular risk factors since childhood is essential to reduce the incidence of disease in adulthood. This study was performed to identify major cardiovascular risk factors in middle school-aged children and their parents in high risk compared to control families.
Methods: The middle schools of the 6th of Tehran were divided randomly into two groups. A total of 169 high-risk children with their families were recruited from the first group while 105 control children with their families were recruited from the second group of schools. Coronary risk factor survey was performed in the participants.
Results: Prevalence of increased total- and LDL-cholesterol and high FBS were higher in high-risk parents and children. Prevalence of increased BMI was higher in fathers and children of high-risk families. More fathers in high-risk families were smoker. The means of waist circumference and WHR were significantly higher in high-risk fathers. The means of total- and LDL- cholesterol were significantly higher both in parents and children of high-risk group. The means of FBS were significantly higher in fathers and offspring of high-risk families.
Conclusion: Cardiovascular risk factors are more prevalent and clustered in high-risk families. Screening of these families is essential to prevent progression of cardiovascular disease since childhood and reduce its burden in adulthood.
Hossein Fakhrzadeh, Pantea Ebrahimpour, Rasoul Pourebrahim, Ramin Heshmat, Bagher Larijani,
Volume 4, Issue 2 (8-2004)
Abstract
Background: Homocysteine is regarded as a risk factor for metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. It is of great importance to determine exact risk factors of these disorders because of their high prevalence.
Methods: The 25-64 year old individuals in 17th district of Tehran were studied. It was designed according to the WHO MONICA (Multinational Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease) project using the ATP III criteria. Homocysteine levels higher than 15 µmol/l and Folate and vitamin B12 lower than 11 nmol/l and 185 pmol/l, respectively were considered as abnormal.
Results: Of the whole population, prevalence of abnormal homocysteine, Folic acid and vitamin B12 was 54.5%, 98.2% and 27%, respectively. Homocysteine levels were higher in men than women (P= 0.026). None of the differences between the means of these three risk factors were statistically significant in people with and without the metabolic syndrome. The only significant difference was higher homocysteine levels in women with metabolic syndrome (P= 0.010).
Conclusions: According to this study, hyperhomocysteinemia and Folate and vitamin B12 deficiency are more prevalent in our population. But there was no correlation between these factors and risk of metabolic syndrome. Because of the controversy about this issue and high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in our country, further studies are suggested.
Hosein Fakhrzadeh, Sara Ghotbi, Ramin Heshmat, Rasoul Pour-Ebrahim, Masoumeh Nouri, Alireza Shafaee, Bagher Larijani,
Volume 5, Issue 2 (9-2005)
Abstract
Background: Elevated total plasma Homocysteine, is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Folate and vitamin B12 have not only a protective effect on cardiovascular disease but also an essential effect on total Homocysteine concentrations (tHcy). This survey has been conducted to evaluate the determinants of tHcy in 1191 healthy Iranian adults.
Methods: This study which was a part of the Cardiovascular Risk Factors Survey in the Population Lab Region, has been designed and conducted based on MONICA/WHO project. A total of 1191 people have been recruited and assessed on serum Homocysteine, Folic acid and vitamin B12, triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, FBS, BMI, BP and smoking, with interview, questionnaires, examination and blood sampling. Blood samples were analyzed according to standard methods.
Results: The variables were assessed in 1191 participants include 416 men (34.9%) and 775 women (65.1%). Prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia was correlated significantly with male sex and aging. Hcy levels were inversely related to serum Folate and vitamin B12 concentrations. After further adjustments, we detected a positive correlation between tHcy and age, male sex, smoking and BMI, and a negative one with LDL-C and diabetes. Although there was a correlation between tHcy and blood pressure, after age, sex, BMI and smoking adjustment, it just remained significant in women and with systolic blood pressure.
Conclusion: We found that dietary and lifestyle parameters such as Folate intake and smoking habit are the main determinants of distribution of plasma Homocysteine in an apparently healthy population. We assumed that lifestyle changes could have considerable subsequences in public health. Our findings confirm the potential advantages of dietary improvements and increased intake of nutrients along with smoking cessation in order to prevent cardiovascular diseases in high-risk patients.
Fatemeh Adili, Hossein Fakhrzadeh, Masoumeh Nouri, Jalil Makarem, Bagher Larijani,
Volume 5, Issue 2 (9-2005)
Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular diseases are described as the most important health problems in developing countries which are developed in parallel with industrialization of communities. Based on the high morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular disease, this study was performed for examining the population lab inhabitants’ knowledge and practice.
Methods: In this cross – sectional study, 1576 inhabitants of the Population Lab Region were studied by cluster random sampling in 2002. 181 persons were selected from this population. The frequency of each cardio- vascular diseases risk factor such as hyperlipidemia, smoking, obesity, hypertension, Diabetes, family history of heart attack, being man, stress and excitement, sedentary life style, salty food, vegetables fruits, fatty food and red meat consumption, were assessed. In addition, the population study's practice regarding controlling the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases was determined, as well. Moreover, specific questionnaire and direct interview were used for collecting data and then the gathering data was analyzed by SPSS and EPI – Info soft wares.
Results: In this study, 71.8% of people were women while 28.2% of them were men. Besides, there was a significant relationship between the people’s knowledge about cardiovascular disease and the level of their education (P < 0.001). According to the results, 65.2% of population believed that heart attack was the most prevalent cause of death in comparison with 44% of them considered car accident and 13.3% agreed with cancers. On the other hand, 74% of people used liquid oil in their food and 77.9% of them knew the side effects of unhealthy foods such as salty food as one of the cardiovascular risk factors.
Conclusion: The inhabitants' knowledge regarding to the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases was approximately acceptable. However, there was a significant different between their knowledge and practice. Therefore, providing suitable educational programs for improving people’s nutrition, physical activity and the other relevant factors for preventing cardiovascular risk factors would be mentioned.
Fereshteh Kalantari, Silva Hovsepian, Sasan Haghighi, Masoud Amini,
Volume 6, Issue 3 (5-2007)
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among type 1 diabetic patients referring to Isfahan Endocrine & Metabolism Research Center.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the prevalence of CVD risk factors including dyslipidemia, smoking and hypertension was determined in type 1 diabetic patients aged 15-30 years. Serum cholesterol <170 mg/dl, LDL<100 mg/dl , HDL>35 mg/dl , TG<150 mg/dl, systolic blood pressure<120 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure<80 mmHg were considered as optimal control levels.
Results: Among 219 studied diabetic patients (mean age=22.5±10.3, female/male=120/99), the mean cholesterol and HDL-C level was higher in women (176±34.9, 46.4±34.1) than men (162.9±32.4 vs. 41.5±10.1) (P<0.05). The prevalence of smoking, hypercholesterolemia, LDL>100 mg/dl, HDL<35 mg/dl, hypertriglyceridemia and hypertension was 6.9% (n=15), 47.4% (n=104), 53.5% (n=117), 22.8% (n=50), 18.3% (n=40) and 7.7% (n=17), respectively. HDL<35 mg/dl was more prevalent among men as compared with women but cholesterol> 170 was more frequently detected in women (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Considering the rather high prevalence of CVD risk factors in type 1 diabetic patients in Isfahan, and in view of modifiability of these risk factors, educating patients on appropriate glycemic control and increasing physical activity is necessary as well as close monitoring of these risk factors.
Parvin Mirmiran, Nazanin Nouri, Maryam Beheshti Zavareh, Fereidoun Azizi,
Volume 6, Issue 4 (6-2007)
Abstract
Background: Only limited data are available on the benefits of fruits and vegetable consumption on CVD risk factors. The aim of this study was to examine whether and to what extent intake of fruits and vegetables are inversely associated with cardiovascular (CVD) risk factors in adults.
Methods: In this population-based cross-sectional study a representative sample of 840 Tehranian adults (361 men and 479 women) aged 18-74 years were randomly selected in 1998. Usual dietary intake was assessed with the use of food frequency questionnaire. Portion sizes of consumed foods were converted from household measures to grams and analyzed by using Nutritionist III software designed for Iranian foods. Subjects were categorized based on category cut-points. : 0-1.9, 2-2.9, 3.0-3.9, and>=4 servings/d.
Results: In multivariate logistic regression after adjusting for confounders, dietary fruits and vegetable were found to be significantly and inversely associated with CVD risk factors. Adjusted odds ratio for high LDL concentrations were 1.00, 0.88, 0.81, 0.75(P for trend < 0.01) in first model which was adjusted for age, body mass index (BMI), energy intake, smoking status, dietary cholesterol, and prevalence of diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease, a trend which was not appreciably altered by additional adjustment for education, physical activity, and saturated, polyunsaturated, total fat, Potassium and vitamin C intakes. This association was observed across categories of smoking status, physical activity, and tertiles of the Keys score.
Conclusion: Consumption of fruits and vegetables more than 4 servings a day is associated with lower concentrations of total cholesterol and LDL-C and with decrease in the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Hossein Fakhrzadeh, Sara Ghotbi, Bagher Larijani,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (9-2007)
Abstract
High plasma homocysteine is identified as an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Epidemiological studies have shown that increased plasma homocysteine is related to a higher risk of coronary heart disease, stroke and peripheral vascular disease. Homocysteine may have an effect on atherosclerosis by damaging the inner lining of arteries and promoting blood clots .Folic acid and other B group vitamins help break down homocysteine in the body and folate fortification of foods reduces the average homocysteine level in the population. Low blood levels of folate are also linked with a higher risk of fatal coronary heart disease and stroke. Homocysteine levels are strongly influenced via diet, as well as via genetic factors. Many common genetic disorders and problems (such as vitamin deficiency) adversely affect the metabolism of homocysteine. Common causes of a high homocysteine level include dietary deficiency of folate and B group vitamins, hypothyroidism, kidney disease, psoriasis, and some medicines. Clinical trials to date have not provided consistent evidence that lowering homocysteine levels reduce strokes, heart attacks and other cardiovascular events notwithstanding it is recommended to lower a high homocysteine level because it is a risk factor for heart disease. Homocysteine abnormalities also contribute to birth defects and dementia and folic acid supplementation in the pre-conceptual period is effective in preventing recurrent and primary neural tube defects.
Saber Saedmocheshi, Mohammad Reza Almori, Lotfolah Saedmocheshi ,
Volume 14, Issue 4 (5-2015)
Abstract
Background: Hyperlipidemia is a major cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and the most common problems in the community. The present study examined the effect of grape seed supplementation along with aerobic activity on lipid profile in elderly women Methods: In this experimental study, 40 obese women (BMI&ge30 kg/m2) over 60 years were selected and randomly divided into two groups (supplement + Exercise and control group). The exercise program included aerobic exercise with 50% of maximum heart rate for three times a week for 8 weeks plus Grape seed extract supplement 200 mg daily for 8 weeks. Blood sampling after fasting period for 12 hours in pretest and 48 hours after the last training session was taken. To compare data between groups t-test was used. Results: The results showed significant differences in the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL-C and pre-test and post-test group supplemented along with sports activities. Conclusion: Long-term aerobic exercise combined with grape extract consumption may reduce the lipid profile parameters.
Rasoul Soleimani Moghadam, Shabnam Mohammadi , Nayereh Kargar Kakhki , Maryam Mohammadi, Abolfazl Ghadimifar , Abolfazl Ahmadnejad , Atefeh Talaei Bagestani , Mahmoud Reza Nemat Allahi , Alireza Mohammadzadeh , Majid Ghayour Mobarhan, Fatemeh Mohammadzadeh ,
Volume 17, Issue 3 (3-2018)
Abstract
Background: According to the World Health Organization, cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death. Behavior modification to improve lifestyle habits can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the health promoting lifestyle in Patients with cardiovascular disease in 2014.
Methods: After approval of the study, 352 patients with cardiovascular disease in Gonabad city were enrolled 2014. Data were collected using Health Promoting Lifestyle Promoting (HPLP2) questionnaire. Then analyzed using SPSS software and the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. The significance level of P value was considered to be less than 0.05.
Results: Three hundred and fifty-two patients (232 females and 120 males) were recruited, with a mean age of 61.89 ± 1.34 years. The highest mean score of lifestyle was 24.45 ± 8.05 in personal relationships and the lowest was 12.65 ± 5.60 in the area of stress management. All structures had the direct impact on the lifestyle that the most direct impact was social relations (R2= 0.329) and the least direct impact was stress management (R2= 0.164) and the strongest predictor of lifestyle in the mechanisms related to physical activity with the overall effect 14.38 was based on the pattern walker.
Conclusion: Considering, life style has a significant effect on cardiovascular disease. It is possible to improve the lifestyle of patients by providing steps to prevent and control this disease.
Esmail Shekari, Seyed Kianoosh Hosseini, Farideh Razi, Ensieh Nasli Esfahani, Mostafa Qorbani, Bagher Larijani,
Volume 19, Issue 4 (4-2020)
Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common endocrine diseases. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of death in patients with type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the metabolic profile of plasma amino acids in diabetic patients with cardiovascular disease.
Methods: The present study is a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study on 140 patients including 35 patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD.DM), 35 patients with type 2 diabetes and non-cardiovascular disease (DM). 35 non-diabetic patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD.nDM) and 35 non-diabetic patients with non-cardiovascular disease (HS) were referred to Diabetes Clinic No. 1 of Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
Results: 76 (54.3%) were male and 64 (45.7%) were female. The highest concentrations of glutamine and isoleucine were observed in DM.CVD, asparagine, serine, arginine, threonine, alanine, tyrosine, valine in DM.nCVD and methionine in CVD.nDM. The lowest concentrations of tyrosine and tryptophan in DM.CVD has been detected , and methionine has been detected in DM.nCVD. The amino acids alanine, glutamine, tyrosine, valine, methionine, leucine, lysine and arginine significantly increased the chances of developing DM.nCVD. For each increase in Z-score per plasma concentration of isoleucine, the chances of developing cardiovascular disease without diabetes were significantly increased.
Conclusion: The amino acids alanine, glutamine, tyrosine, valine, methionine, leucine, lysine and arginine are involved in predicting the risk of DM.nCVD and isoleucine and methionine are involved in predicting the risk of CVD.nDM.
Mousa Khalafi, Amir Ghanbarpour Nosrati, Keyvan Sharifmoradi,
Volume 23, Issue 4 (11-2023)
Abstract
Background: Fetuin-A, as a hepatokine, plays an important role in the regulation of whole-body metabolism, which is increased with chronic diseases. Therefore, the aim of this meta-analysis is to investigate the effect of exercise training on Fetuin-A levels in individuals with metabolic and kidney diseases.
Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases until November 2022 using the keywords "exercise training" and "Fetuin-A". To determine the effect size, standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval were calculated using CMA2 software. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the I2 test, and publication bias was evaluated by visual interpretation of the funnel plot and Egger's test. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using the PEDRO checklist.
Results: A total of 16 studies including 21 trials arms and 554 subjects with type 2 diabetes, obesity and kidney disease were included in the meta-analysis. Exercise training resulted in a significant decrease in Fetuin-A levels [-0.93 (CI: -1.35 to -0.51) P= 0.001]. There was a high heterogeneity (I2= 89.24, P= 0.001) and also a significant publication bias (P= 0.001). The results of subgroup analysis based on the type of exercise training showed that aerobic training resulted in a significant decrease in Fetuin-A (P= 0.001) while the reduction of this marker with combined training was not significant (P= 0.33).
Conclusion: Exercise training, especially aerobic training, results in a decrease in Fetuin-A levels in metabolic patients, which may be contributed to the beneficial effects of exercise.
