Ahmad Esmaillzadeh, Parvin Mirmiran, Masoud Mirhosseini, Fereidoun Azizi,
Volume 3, Issue 2 (6-2004)
Abstract
Background: Although dietary guidelines recommend increased intake of grain products to prevent chronic diseases, epidemiologic data regarding whole-grain intake associated with metabolic syndrome is sparse. This study was undertaken to evaluate the relationship between whole-grain intake, metabolic syndrome and metabolic risk factors in Tehran adults population.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 827 subjects aged 18-74 were randomly selected from participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Usual dietary intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and two 24-hour dietary recalls. BMI, FBS, blood pressure, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, high LDL, low LDL, metabolic syndrome (according to ATP III guidelines) and hypertension (based on JNC VI) were assessed subjects were categorized on quartile cut-points of whole and refined grain intake.
Results: Mean (±SD) consumptions of whole- and refined grains were 93±29 and 201±57 g/d, respectively. Compared with subjects in the lower quartile category, those in the upper category of whole-grain intake had lower prevalence of metabolic risks. Conversely, those in the higher category of refined grain intake had higher prevalence of metabolic risk factors, except for diabetes. After controlling for confounders, a significant decreasing trend was observed for the risk of having hypertriglyceridemia [odds ratios among quartiles: 1.00,0.89, 0.74, 0.61, respectively], hypertension and metabolic syndrome. Higher consumption of refined grains were associated with higher risk of having hypercholestrolemia [1.00, 1.07, 1.19, 1.23), hypertriglyceridemia [1.00, 1.17, 1.49, 2.01), hypertension and metabolic syndrome.
Conclusion: Whole grain intake is inversely and refined grain intake is positively associated with the risk of developing metabolic syndrome. Recommendations to increase whole-grain intake may reduce the risk of developing metabolic syndrome.
Hossein Fakhrzadeh, Azadeh Sadat Khezri, Ali Refaei, Rasoul Pourebrahim, Mohammad Jafar Mahmoudi, Ramin Heshmat, Fatemeh Bandarian,
Volume 6, Issue 1 (8-2006)
Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular Diseases are becoming increasingly prevalent due to urbanization and industrialization of our country. Therefore Screening of the Cardiovascular Risk Factors is one of the most important health system priorities. The aim of this study was to evaluate a screening method implementing family history for cardiovascular risk factors.
Methods: We chose 10 Junior-high schools in the 6th district of Tehran using simple random sampling. Then a questionnaire asking about family history of cardiovascular disease in the first degree relatives (including grand parents) was distributed between them and was completed –
with contribution of parents. Then high-risk and low-risk families were invited separately to Dr Shariati Hospital for further evaluation. SPSS software version 10 using student T-test, Chi-Square and descriptive tests were applied for data analysis
Results: Approximately 40% of families had positive family history (high risk). From this group, 72% participated for follow-up. From the low-risk group, only 34% participated. Total cholesterol and LDL-C levels were significantly higher in high risk (HR) group. FBS was also significantly higher in fathers and children of the HR group (P<0.05). High TC, LDL-C and FBS levels were more prevalent among the HR families (P<0.05). No significant differences were observed in age, BMI, BP, TG and HDL-C between the 2 groups.
Conclusion: Families with a history of cardiovascular disease participated in greater numbers in the screening process and the prevalence of risk factors in this group was significantly higher. The findings confirm the usability of family history in screening programs.
Leila Azadbakht, Masoud Kimiagar, Yadolah Mehrabi, Ahmad Esmaeil Zadeh,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (7-2007)
Abstract
Background: Little evidence exists regarding the effects of soy consumption on the metabolic syndrome in humans. We aimed to determine the effects of soy consumption on components of the metabolic syndrome, plasma lipids, lipoproteins, insulin resistance and glycemic control in postmenopausal women with the metabolic syndrome.
Methods: This randomized cross-over clinical trial was undertaken on 42 postmenopausal women with the metabolic syndrome. Participants were randomly assigned to consume a control diet (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension= DASH), soy protein diet, or soy nut diet, each for eight weeks. Red meat in the DASH diet was replaced by soy protein in the soy protein period and by soy nut in the soy nut period.
Results: Total cholesterol was significantly reduced compared to the control (P<0.01) and soy protein groups (P<0.01). The results were the same regarding the fasting insulin serum (P<0.01 compared with the control and soy protein group), HOMA-IR (P<0.01 compared with the control and soy protein group), Fasting blood sugar (P<0.01 compared with the control and soy protein group), and LDL cholesterol (P<0.01 compared with the control and P<0.05 compared with the soy protein group). Both soy nut and soy protein reduced Apo B100 compared to the control group (P<0.01).
Conclusion: Short-term soy nut consumption improved glycemic control and lipid profiles in postmenopausal women with the metabolic syndrome
Ahmad Esmaillzadeh, Leila Azadbakht,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (9-2007)
Abstract
Background: Although hypertriglyceridemic waist (HW) phenotype has received much attention over recent years for its association with other metabolic abnormalities, it remains unknown whether its effects are mediated through changes in plasma concentrations of inflammatory markers. We aimed to evaluate the association between hypertriglyceridemic waist (HW) phenotype and markers of systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction among women.
Methods: Anthropometric and biochemical measurements were assessed in a cross-sectional study of 507 Iranian women aged 40-60 years. HW phenotype was defined as serum triacylglycerol concentration ≥150 mg/dl and concurrent waist circumference ≥89.
Results: The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemic waist (HW) phenotype was 32.2% (95% CI: 28.7, 35.7) among women. Individuals with HW phenotype had higher anthropometric measures, were older and less physically active. After control for potential confounding variables, women in different categories of WC had significantly different levels of CRP (WC main effect: P=0.001), TNF-α (P=0.01), IL-6 (P=0.001), E-selectin (P=0.007), sICAM-1 (P=0.01) and sVCAM-1 (P=0.02, 2-factor ANOVA for all). When the models were further adjusted for BMI, the difference in sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 ceased to be significant. Significant differences in CRP (TG main effect: P=0.01), TNF-α (P=0.008), SAA (P=0.03), IL-6 (P=0.01), E-selectin (P=0.02) and sICAM-1 (P=0.01, 2-factor ANOVA for all) were found between categories of TG concentration after control for confounders. Most of these differences remained significant even after additional adjustments for BMI, except for E-selectin. There was a significant interaction between WC and TG concentration with regard to CRP, IL-6, SAA, and E-selectin.
Conclusion: This study provides evidence showing a positive association between HW phenotype and markers of systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction.
