Iranian Journal of

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Background: Apelin increases insulin insensitivity but its correlation with exercise training has less been taken in to consideration. The aim of this paper was to evaluation the effect of combined (resistance, endurance) and endurance training on plasma Apelin and in insulin sensitivity.

Methods: Forty -five volunteered students of eligible (BMI: 25-30,Health and inactive) were randomly divided into three groups, combined, endurance and control.The trainedgroups were trained forfour days per week, during 12 weeks. In combined group, endurance interval training was performed fromfivereplication with three minutebeginningand in final weeks reached to thirteen replications of 3 minutes with resting time of 1 to 2minutes. Intensity was 60-80% HRmax and resistance training planning: 2days per week,7 stations(Boat,leg press,buttreflys, Knee extension and flexion, forearm flexion and extension) 8-12 replication, resting time between the intervals and sets consequently:  30-60 ,60-90 second . The endurance group was trained with the same endurance section of combined group. Pre and post weeks, plasma Apelin,glucose and lipid profiles were measured in groups. Data were analyzed by One Way - Anova,significant level was P&le0/05, using SPSS, ver 18.

Results:  Plasma Apelin decreased significantly compared with the control group (P=0/0001).In training groups, HDL-c had in the training group increased compared with the control group (P= o/o43). Insulin Insensitivity wasn't different   among groups (P&ge0/05).

Conclusion: This paper showed that 12 weeks of combined or Endurance training had significantly decreased plasma Apelin and both training groups had an increase in their HDL-c but all of the exchanges were free of insulin sensitivity.

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Background: The purpose of this study was to compare effects of three combined aerobic-resistance exercise training protocols with different intensities on metabolic control and Visfatin levels in men with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: 43 male patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into 4 groups (three combined aerobic-resistance exercise training groups 1, 2, 3 and control). Training groups performed combined aerobic-resistance exercises for 12weeks, 3 times a week with given intensities )group 1:resistance 50-60% one repetition maximum- aerobic 70-80%maximum heart rate, group 2:resistance 60-70% one repetition maximum- aerobic 60-70% maximum heart rate and group 3:resistance 70-80% one repetition maximum- aerobic 50-60% maximum heart rate). Blood sampling to determine the levels of Visfatin, insulin, HbA1c, fasting glucose before and after 12weeks, were conducted.
Results: Visfatin levels and HbA1c in all training groups and fasting glucose in 2 combined training groups significantly decreased compared with control group (P<0.05). Vo2max was significantly increased in all training groups (P<0.05). No significant difference were observed between groups in body weight, Body mass index, fat mass, insulin levels and resistance insulin.
Conclusion: 12 weeks of combined aerobic-resistance exercise training protocols with were executed intensities through decreasing Visfatin and HbA1c levels and improving aerobic capacity could be helpful in patient with type 2diabetes. In addition to the above benefits, combined exercise training protocols of with intensity of 60-70% maximum heart rate–intensity 60-70% repetition maximum due to reducing fasting blood glucose could give greater benefits to patients.
 
 

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visfatin secreted by various factors, including cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6 is affected. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of combined training (resistance circular - aerobic) visfatin concentration, IL-6 and TNF-α in obese men with type II diabetes.
Methods: The population of the research was all men with diabetes type II in District 2 of Ahwaz. Twenty four patients with diabetes type II, aged 40-55 years and fasting blood glucose lower than 200 mg /dl were selected by purposive sampling. First, the anthropometric variables and body composition were measured, then subjects were randomly divided into two groups (experimental, n=12 and control, n=12). Combined exercise training was done for 8 weeks (5 days/week, 30 to 50 minutes) for experimental group. To analyze the changes in the covariance analysis and dependent t test measured variables at a significance level of p≤05.
Result: After eight-week combined exercise training, fasting blood glucose and plasma visfatin significantly decreased p≤05. But no significant changes were observed in the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α p≥05. Also, the inverse relationship between plasma visfatin with IL-6 and TNF-α was observed (P≤ 0.05).
Conclusion: Eight weeks of combined training despite a positive effect on plasma visfatin, due to no significant changes in plasma IL-6 and TNF-α in patients with type 2 diabetes, it seems this type of exercise in reducing obesity and visceral fat and thereby reducing plasma visfatin is appropriate, but the potential change in IL-6 and TNF-α does.

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Background: The hepatokines are now considered potential targets for the treatment of type 2 diabetes disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks combined training with Canagliflozin on some hepatokines in type 2 diabetic men.
Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 44 men with type 2 diabetes (Mean age 33.2 ± 4.5 years, body mass index 27.3±3.0) from Tehran city in 2019 were randomly divided into four groups (n=11) of control, drug, exercise and exercise-drug groups. Combined training was performed 3 sessions per week, 45 minutes for 12 weeks. Subjects were given 200 mg of canagliflozin for 12 weeks. Blood samples and anthropometric characteristics were obtained before and 24 hours after the intervention at 12-hour fasting. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA with repeated measures, t-test and Bonferroni post hoc test at P<0.05.
Results: The results showed that 12 weeks of exercise with Canagliflozin intervention significantly reduced angiopoietin-3 and angiopoietin-4, FGF-21 and HFREP-1 levels in type 2 diabetic men (P=0.001). Also, after the intervention of exercise with Canagliflozin, levels of angiopoietin-3, angiopoietin-4, FGF-21, and HFREP-1 were significantly lower than the pre-test (P<0.001).
Conclusion: According to the results of research, it is possible that intervention of exercise with Canagliflozin can help treat of disorders due to type 2 diabetes by reducing hepatokines.

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Results: After 12 weeks of combined, aerobic, high intensity and resistance training, anti-inflammatory indices (adiponectin and SFRP5) showed a significant increase compared to the baseline (before starting the training program) (P < 0.05). Regarding pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory indicators (IL-6, TNF-α, resistin and leptin), a significant decrease was observed in all groups after 12 weeks of training program (P < 0.05). In this study, a significant improvement in weight loss and blood glucose was observed after 12 weeks of exercise program in all 4 exercise groups (P < 0.05). In the second part of the findings (non-training or durability of training effect), it was resistance training that showed a lower percentage decrease (P < 0.05) in anti-inflammatory indices and an increase in pro-inflammatory and inflammatory indices after 12 weeks of non-training, which showed the durability It shows more recovery in obese type 2 diabetic patients (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: The findings of the research showed that high-intensity interval training after 12 weeks can cause a greater effect on inflammatory, pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory indicators compared to aerobic, combined and resistance training. But this is the resistance exercise that caused the reduction in inflammatory, pro-inflammatory indicators and increase in anti-inflammatory indicators in obese type 2 diabetic patients to be more permanent.