Iranian Journal of

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Background: Increasing blood glucose levels is associated with a reduction in the antioxidant defense of the body. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of aerobic resistance exercises with and without ginger on some of the oxidative and antioxidant indices in type 2 diabetic women.
Methods: Twenty-two type 2 diabetic women with a mean age of 49.47±4.36 years, BMI 31.3±16.3 kg / m2, height 0.56±0.04 meters were selected randomly and they were divided into two experimental and control groups. Both groups performed 12 weeks, 3 sessions per week, exercises with intensity of 75-85%, 1RM in 8 stations, and after 5 minutes of rest, aerobic training exercises with an intensity of 75-85% of MHR. A daily group of 800 mg capsules of ginger rhizome powder and the other group consumed capsules containing wheat flour. 24 hours before and after training, MDA, TAC, SOD, GSH, HbAlc, glucose and insulin and body composition were measured.
Results: 12 weeks of combination exercise caused a significant decrease in glycosylated hemoglobin, insulin resistance, insulin resistance, lipid percentage, and a significant increase in TAC and GSH compared to baseline (P <0.05), while SOD and MDA Did not have any significant effect.
Conclusion: Combined exercise with and without zinc seems to improve antioxidant and some of the body composition indices in type 2 diabetic women.
 

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Background: Diabetic cardiomyopathy is the first cause of death in diabetic patients and angiogenesis is the most important mechanism for the recovery of heart blood flow in physiologic and pathologic conditions. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of eight weeks of moderate continuous and sever interval training on heart angiogenesis in Wistar male diabetic rats.
Methods: 32 Wistar rats were randomly assigned into 4 groups: healthy non-exercised, diabetic no exercise, diabetic + moderate continuation and diabetic + severe interval exercises. Two types of exercises were calibrated and the exercise intensity was determined based on the maximum oxygen consumption and 5 days a week. The pro-angiogenic (VEGF, MMP₂, TGFβ₁) and anti-angiogenic (TIMP2) agents of the left ventricle of the heart were taken from the rat after 48 hours of the last training session. Western blot method was used to evaluate the synthesis of proteins involved in angiogenic route. Data were measured by one-way variance analysis with repeated measurements (P =0/000).
Results: The results showed that the levels of proangiogenic VEGF, MMP₂, TGFβ1 significantly increased, but the anti-angiogenic factor of TIMP₂ decreased (P <0.05). In addition, the maximum level of oxygen consumed in both continuous and periodic training groups showed a significant increase.
Conclusion: Moderate and continuous exercise increases angiogenic factors in the heart of diabetic Wistar rats, which is a good way to reduce the mortality rate of diabetes.

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Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of circuit resistance training and saffron supplement on visfatin serum levels and insulin resistance in overweight men.
Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 40 obese and overweight students were randomly divided into 4 groups: exercise, exercise+supplement, supplement and control (10 people in each group). The exercise groups performed circular resistance exercises for eight weeks and three sessions each week for 90 minutes in the evening. The supplement and exercise+supplement groups used saffron tablets with a dose of 30 mg per day as a supplement. Blood samples were collected in two phases of the pre-test and 48 hours after the last training session. The data were analyzed using covariance and paired t test at a significant level of P≤0.05.
Results: Correlated t results showed a significant decrease in visfatin and insulin resistance in the post-test of the training, training+supplement and supplement groups compared to the pre-test (P<0.05). The results of the analysis of covariance showed that visfatin increased and the insulin resistance index decreased significantly in the exercise, exercise+supplement and supplement groups compared to the control group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: It seems that eight weeks of circuit resistance training and the addition of saffron help on visfatin serum levels and insulin resistance can lead to the reduction of these two variables in overweight men. The saffron plant can play a protective role due to the presence of flavonoids and by stimulating the secretion of Visfatin.

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Background: Clinical studies have demonstrated that diabetes, as a metabolic disorder, can significantly impact the quality of life of individuals affected by the condition. Physical activity has been identified as a potentially effective therapeutic intervention for managing diabetes in these individuals. This study examined the correlation between serum levels of GLP-1 and the hormones thyroxine, TSH, insulin, glucose, HbA1c, VO2peak, as well as various anthropometric indicators after eight weeks of calisthenics exercises.
Methods: This semi-experimental study involved 14 sedentary children with type 1 diabetes, averaging 12.42±1.28 years, selected through non-random sampling. The participants performed calisthenics exercises for eight weeks (three sessions per week). Physiological assessments and blood samples were collected 48 hours before and after the training period. The relationship was analyzed using Pearson's correlation test, and intra-group changes were assessed using paired t-tests.
Results: The findings demonstrated a positive and significant correlation between GLP-1 and insulin both before (r=0.703, p=0.005) and after the exercise intervention (r=0.668, p=0.009). Additionally, an inverse and significant correlation was observed between GLP-1 and waist circumference (WC) levels before (r=0.633, p=0.019) and after exercise (r=0.575, p=0.043), as well as between GLP-1 and body fat percentage after exercise (r=0.676, p=0.007). In terms of intra-group changes, the results indicated a significant increase in GLP-1, insulin, and VO2peak, along with a significant decrease in WC.

Conclusion: The findings of this study show that engaging in calisthenics exercises can be effective in reducing the negative effects of type 1 diabetes and increasing the health of diabetic children.

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Abstract
Background: This study aimed to compare the effects of high-intensity interval games and high intensity interval training on body composition indicators, aerobic capacity and lipid profiles of obese and overweight girls aged 10 to 12 years.
Methods: In this semi-experimental research, 30 girls (average height 149.26 ± 5.32 m, weight 67.41 ± 7.65 kg, and body mass index 30.14 ± 2.3 kg/m2) with overweight and obesity participated and were randomly divided into the groups of high intensity interval training (10), high intensity interval game (10) and the control (10). Training programs for eight weeks(3d/w), (90-85% of maximum heart rate) and 3-minute recovery (65-75% of maximum heart rate) with 4 times Repetition was done, which was done in the form of running in high intensity interval training and in the form of playing in high intensity interval game. Blood samples were taken to measure the serum levels of lipid profiles (48 hours before and after the intervention period).
Results: The two training groups compared to the control group, increased aerobic capacity and HDL and body fat percentage, TG, TC and LDL (P < 0.010) showed a significant decrease and between the two training groups in TG, LDL and HDL (P<0.01) was a significant difference, with a greater increase in HDL and a greater decrease in TG and LDL was accompanied in the high intensity game group.
Conclusion: High intensity interval games can be suggested as a more suitable solution to improve the lipid profile of obese and overweight girls.