Farzad Hadaegh, Azadeh Zabetian, Hadi Harati, Fereidoun Azizi,
Volume 5, Issue 4 (6-2006)
Abstract
Background: The risk of metabolic risk factors increases in Middle-Eastern adults within the normal limits of BMI. There is a report that 30.1% of the Iranian population had metabolic syndrome but no reports on the prevalence of this syndrome among individuals within the various BMI categories are available. The present study estimates the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in adult population with normal levels of BMI (18.5-24.9 kg/m2).
Methods: In this population-based cross-sectional study, a representative sample of 3444 subjects (1737 males and 1707 females) aged≥20 years with normal body mass index (BMI= 18.5-24.9 kg/m2 for both genders) were included. Demographic data were collected anthropometric indices and blood pressure were measured according to standard protocol. Biochemical analysis was conducted on fasting blood samples. The metabolic syndrome was defined according to the ATP Ш guidelines as the presence of three or more of the metabolic factors. Means and proportions, and multivariate odds ratios that quantify the association between metabolic syndrome and normal BMI quartiles, controlling for age, physical activity, smoking and education were presented.
Results: The overall prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in normal weight men and women were 9.9% (CI 95%: 8.49-11.30) and 11.0% (CI 95%: 9.5-12.4, P=0.2), respectively. Men had slightly lower BMI than women (22.4±1.8 vs. 22.5±1.7 kg/m2, P<0.001), while their WC was higher (79.8±6.6 vs.79.3±7.7 cm, P<0.001). The prevalence of high WC and low HDL was higher in women, while high blood pressure, high triglyceride levels and having at least two metabolic risk factors were more prevalent in men. Individuals at the highest category of normal BMI had significantly higher odds for being at risk for metabolic syndrome compared to those at first category (OR 5.21 for men and 2.15 for women). There was a significant increasing trend in odds for having all the metabolic syndrome components except for high FBS and high WC in men. Women revealed a similar increasing trend except for high FBS across normal BMI quartiles.
Conclusion: Normal weights Iranians have excess cardiovascular risk. Therefore interventions for prevention of diabetes and cardiovascular disease could be considered in normal weight population. On the other hand, the cut-points of BMI, suggested by WHO, may be inappropriate for the Iranian adult population.
Maryam Karkhaneh, Ehsaneh Taheri, Mostafa Qorbani, Mohamad Reza Mohajeri Tehrani, Saeed Hoseini,
Volume 14, Issue 4 (5-2015)
Abstract
Background: A unique subset of Individuals with normal body mass index (BMI= 18.5-24.9 kg/m2) and high body fat percentage (above 30% in women and 23% in men) that are termed as normal weight obese, are at increased risk for development of the metabolic syndrome and chronic diseases because the adipose mass and the excess of fat mass are an important source of proinflammatory cytokines. The aim of the present study was based on this hypothesis that women with high body fat percentage and normal body mass index are at increased risk for the metabolic syndrome in compared to healthy non obese women. Methods: This was as case-control study in which 40 obese women with normal weight (BMI= 18.5-24.9 kg/m2) and body fat percentage above 30% (FM> 30%) and 30 non-normal weight obese women (BMI= 18.5-24.9 kg/m2) and fat percentage less than 25% (FM <25%) who were matched for age (mean age = 28 years) recruited for this study. The components of metabolic syndrome including Anthropometric variables, blood pressure and fasting plasma concentrations of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose and insulin were measured. Results: The anthropometric measurements including waist and hip circumferences in NWO was higher than non-NWO (respectively 74.78±4.81 vs. 70.76±2.91 and 99.12±4.32 versus 93.16±2/91, Pvalue<0.001), while the waist-to-hip ratio did not differ between the two groups (p=0.448).Also no significant differences were observed in concentrations of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting plasma glucose, systolic and diastolic pressure between groups. Fasting serum insulin and insulin resistance was higher in NOW compared to non NWO (Pvalue<0.05) and insulin sensitivity in NWO was lower than non NWO (0.357 versus 0.374, pvalue = 0.043). Conclusion: Because of the higher serum insulin concentration and the lower insulin sensitivity, obese women with normal body mass index but high body fat percentage can be associated with a higher risk for metabolic dysregulation and metabolic syndrome compared to healthy women with the same body mass index and normal body fat percentage
