Iranian Journal of

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Background: Diabetes is the most common metabolic diseases and its vascular complications are main cause of death in diabetic patients. Patients with hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and oxidative stress are prone to diabetes complications. The goal of this study was investigation of the effect of cysteine (Cys) on hyperglycemia, lipid profile, atherogenic index, glyoxal, methylglyoxal, oxidative stress and, glycation and oxidation of LDL in the rat model of diabetes –atherosclerosis. Methods: Diabetes was induced in the rats using Streptozotocin injection then they put on the atherogenic diet. The groups under study were including of control and diabetic rats, and two other similar groups under Cys (0.05 % in dirking water) treatment. After one month, fasting blood sugar (FBS), lipid profile, atherogenic index (LDL/HDL), glycated and oxidized LDL, AGEs, glyoxal, methylglyoxal, Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) as an oxidative stress index and weight of rat was measured. Results: Diabetic-atherosclerotic rat groups significantly showed higher level of FBS, triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL, atherogenic index, glycated and oxidized LDL, glyoxal, methylglyoxal and AOPP than control group. These parameters significantly (P < 0.001) reduced in diabetic group treated with Cys in comparison of untreated. Conclusion: Cysteine with improving property on glycemic and lipemic conditions, inhibitory activity on glycation and oxidation of LDL and reduction of oxidative stress in diabetic-atherosclerotic rats could recommended as a drug for prevention of diabetes complications.

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Background: There are no available reports indicating the effects of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) eating plan on insulin resistance, inflammation and oxidative stress among pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) We aimed to investigate the effects of DASH diet on insulin resistance, serum hs-CRP and biomarkers of oxidative stress among pregnant women with GDM. Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial was performed among 32 pregnant women diagnosed with GDM at 24-28 weeks' gestation. Subjects were randomly assigned to consume either the control (n=16) or DASH diet (n=16) for 4 weeks. The DASH diet was rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy products and low in saturated fats, total fats, cholesterol, refined grains, and sweets, with a total of 2400 mg/d sodium. The control diet contained 40-55% of its energy as carbohydrates, 10-20% as proteins and 25-30% as total fats. Fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and after 4 weeks of intervention to measure fasting plasma glucose (FPG), serum insulin and hs-CRP, HOMA-IR, plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total glutathione levels (GSH). Results: Consumption of DASH diet, compared to the control diet, resulted in decreased FPG (-7.62 vs. 3.68 mg/dL P=0.02), serum insulin levels (-2.62 vs. 4.32 µIU/ml, P=0.03) and HOMA-IR score (-0.8 vs. 1.1 P=0.03). Increased concentrations of plasma TAC (45.2 vs. -159.2 mmol/L P<0.0001) and GSH (108.1 vs. -150.9 µmol/L P<0.0001) were also seen in the DASH group compared with control group. We failed to find a significant difference in mean changes of serum hs-CRP levels between the two diets. Within-group comparisons revealed a significant reduction in plasma TAC and GSH levels in the control diet, while a significant rise in these biomarkers in the DASH diet. Conclusion: In summary, consumption of DASH diet in pregnant women with GDM had beneficial effects on FPG, serum insulin levels, HOMA-IR score, plasma TAC and total GSH levels. The effects of this dietary pattern on pregnancy outcomes need to be investigated in future studies.

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Background: Diabetes is one of the most common diseases of the body's endocrine system, Based on present forecasts of its prevalence will increase in human societies. Diabetes mellitus consists of 5 groups, its two major groups: type I diabetes or insulin-dependent and type II diabetes or non-insulin dependent diabetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of alcoholic extract of green wheat leaves on glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL and total antioxidant capacity of blood serum in alloxan-induced diabetic mice.
Methods: In this study, 40 male mice with an average weight of 25-20 grams in eight groups of five rats: The negative control, positive control (sham), Methformin (60mg/kg), green Wheat leaf extract (100, 200, 400, 800 and 1000mg/kg) were tested. Blood glucose was measured at baseline, then in the positive control group and the experimental groups by Alloxan (120mg/kg) Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneally. During the study, the positive control group and experimental groups received aforementioned compounds for 10 days via intraperitoneally and after 48 hours of each group blood samples were taken through the intraventricular anesthesia and glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL and total antioxidant capacity in serum were measured. Quantitative results achieved in this research by one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test between the groups studied Considering the significance level of p <% 5 were analyzed.
Results: The results showed that blood glucose changes in green Wheat leaf extract and metformin groups compared with the positive control group and negative control group was significant at the 5% level and In all under study groups blood glucose levels, Compared with the positive control group decreased and is close to the negative control group also in doses of 100, 200, 800 and 1000 mg/kg Reduced blood glucose is better than methformin group. Methformin and green Wheat leaf extract caused a significant increase at all doses studied in the TAC's Blood. Methformin and green Wheat leaf extract on the amounts of LDL, HDL and cholesterol in diabetic groups had no significant effect and did not have significant difference with other groups. There was no significant effect of different doses of green Wheat leaf extract on the blood triglycerides. However, metformin has a significant impact on triglyceride levels.
Conclusion: The results of the effects of green Wheat leaf extract on glucose and serum antioxidant capacity
It can be noted that these extracts in the treatment of diabetes and reduce its complications can be considered as an option.
 

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Background: High oxidative stress in pregnant women leads to pathogenesis or progression of disease in newborns. The aim of this study was to investigate the Effect of Endurance Training in Maternal Metabolic Syndrome with Metformin on Oxidant and antioxidant Capacity in their Neonates.
Methods: To implementation of this experimental research, 16 female Wistar rats weighing 100 ± 20 gr randomly were divided into 4 groups including metabolic syndrome + control; metabolic syndrome + metformin; metabolic syndrome + endurance training; metabolic syndrome + metformin + endurance training. The metabolic syndrome model was performed using dietary change and confirmed by the Lee index. Metformin 500 mg was also given at a dose of 100 mg/kg, as well as by daily water intake to the rats. endurance training performed at 5 days a week for 15-40 min with speed of 10-25m/min on treadmill for 8 weeks. Pregnancy was confirmed in rats after vaginal plaque was observed After the pregnancy and delivery period of the rats, newborn babies (4 newborns from each mother as the main sample) were prepared one week after birth for explanation.
Results: The results showed that metformin had no significant effect on superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in comparison with control group, but endurance training and endurance training with metformin resulted in increased SOD and MDA reduction in neonatal heart tissue (p=0.000).
Conclusion: According to the results, it seems that the endurance training of mothers with metabolic syndrome has a protective effect on oxidative and antioxidant systems in their offspring.

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of obesity and inactive physical activity, and glucose modulation is of great importance in these individuals. Thyme was studied on type 2 diabetic rats by streptozotocin and high fat diet.
Methods: Male Wistar rats weighing 110±10 g were used in this study. The rats were randomly divided into four groups of Thymus + Exercise, Thymus, Exercise and Control groups. The extract was taken 200 g daily through a gavage syringe. Exercise included: Running on a treadmill at a speed of at least 20 m / min and a maximum of 38 m / min for 60 minutes daily, 5 days a week, for 8 weeks. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GTX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) were measured by ELISA method.
Results: Serum MDA and CAT levels were significantly higher in the control group (p = 0.002). The results also showed that there was no significant difference between SOD and GPX levels in different research groups (p = 0.790).
Conclusion: Intermittent exercise (HIIT) and thyme extract can improve oxidative and antioxidant balance in diabetic rats.

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Background: Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress play a pivotal role in the diabetic neuropathic pain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of aerobic exercise with melatonin on RAGE gene expression and some indicators of oxidative stress in rats with diabetic neuropathic pain
Methods: Forty 8-week-old male Wistar rats (weight range 204 ± 11.3 g) were randomly divided into five of 8 groups including: diabetic neuropathy (50 mg / kg streptozotocin intraperitoneal injection), diabetic melatonin neuropathy (mg / kg 10 melatonin daily for 6 weeks), diabetic neuropathy exercise (30 minutes of aerobic exercise at 15 meters per minute, 5 days a week for 6 weeks), diabetes melatonin neuropathy and healthy exercise and control. After confirmation of diabetic neuropathy by behavioral tests, exercise protocol and supplementation were performed. RAGE gene expression was measured by real-time technique and oxidative stress indices in spinal cord tissue by spectrophotometer. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test were used for statistical analysis.
Results: Exercise and melatonin reduced the sensitivity of the nervous system to thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia. Aerobic exercise with melatonin significantly reduced RAGE gene expression and MAD concentration and increased the activity of SOD and CAT enzymes compared to the diabetic neuropathy group (P <0.05).
Conclusion: Aerobic exercise with melatonin modulates the expression of RAGE gene and oxidative stress indices and improves the sensitivity of nociceptors to pain factors. It is recommended to use aerobic exercise with melatonin for diabetics to reduce neuropathic pain.

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Background: Fatty liver disease and its relationship with cardiovascular diseases is one of the concerns of today's society, therefore the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of eight weeks of endurance training and growth hormone injections on Cardiac mitochondrial PGC1α content and some oxidative stress indices in mice with hepatic damage.
Methods: In this experimental study, 21 male mice were, randomly, divided into three groups (n=7): control (C), Exercise (E), Exercise + Growth Hormone (EGH) group. The Medium intensity endurance training program was performed for eight weeks and 5 sessions with an intensity of 50% VO2max of per week. The somatropin injection protocols were 1 mg/ kilogram/body weight, respectively. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using the software SPSS, using One-Way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests.
Results: PGC1a levels increased in both groups compared to the control group. SOD and MDA levels increased and decreased in both groups compared to the control group, respectively. The reduction of HOMA levels was significant only in E group compared to the control group. Also, the difference between E and E-GH group was significant. ALT/AST ratio decreased in both groups compared to the control group. The reduction of LDL/HDL ratio was significant only in group E compared to the control group.
Conclusion: Endurance training has produced a more effective response in improving NAFLD markers than GH peptides. Growth hormone injection can have negative consequences on some indicators of this abnormality.

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Background: The effects of regular exercise on miRNA profile and oxidative stress indices are less known. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in expression of  miR-17 and oxidative stress indices in overweight and obese women following high-intensity functional training.
Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 22 overweight and obese women were randomly divided into two groups of high-intensity functional training (n= 10) and control (n= 12). The subjects of the training group performed high-intensity functional exercises 3 times a week for 8 weeks and intensity of rating of perceived exertion≥7. Before and after 8 weeks, blood samples were taken to measure expression of miR-17 gene, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Analysis of covariance test was used to analyze the data.
Results: After eight weeks of high-intensity functional training, expression of miR-17 in the experimental group significantly decreased compared to the control group (P= 0.001). After eight weeks of high-intensity functional training, TAC (P= 0.0001), GPX (P= 0.007) and SOD (P= 0.001) increased significantly in the experimental group compared to the control group. No significant change was observed in MDA (P= 0.778).
Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that eight weeks of high-intensity functional training may lead to the reduction of miR-17 expression and the improvement of oxidative stress indices and antioxidant enzymes, which may be effective in improving metabolic indices and obesity complications.

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Background: Despite advances in diabetes-related treatments, the effects of the disease have not yet been adequately reversed or prevented in patients.
Methods: In this study, type 1 diabetes mice models was established using multiple low-dose alloxan, and the diabetic mice were treated with three doses of dimethyl fumarate (DMF) i.e low, medium, and high viz. 20, 40 and 80 mg/kg, respectively for a period of 21 days. Then, specific test were done to evaluate blood biochemical parameters, oxidative stress markers, inflammatory genes expression, and histopathological changes in the mice kidney and liver.

Findings: The obtained results showed remarkably improved anti-diabetic, hepato-renal-protective, and oxidative stress indexes of DMF in alloxan-induced diabetic mice (p< 0.001). Treated mice with DMF demonstrated a noteworthy decrease in blood glucose levels when compared with diabetic group (p< 0.001). On the contrary, the histological features of the treated mice with DMF improve as shown by normal size of glomerular capillaries along with decrease in less dilatation of ducts in comparison with diabetic mice. The real-time quantitative PCR results indicated that DMF injection decreased the alloxan-induced increase of significant elevations in mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines levels in both kidney and liver tissues. Meanwhile, mice treated with DMF showed an increase in Sirt1 and Nrf2 expression in comparison to diabetic group.

Conclusion: In conclusion, it can be concluded that DMF treatment provides hepato-renal protective effects on alloxan-induced diabetic mice model by attenuating ROS inflammatory pathways.
 

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Introduction:The purpose of the research was to compare the effect of two types of raeobic exercise with and without incline on the modulation of oxidative stress and kidney function in CKD mice.Methods:The number of 24 two-month-old C57bl6 female  mice weighing 25±26.1 grams were randomly divided into four groups:healthy control,CKD-affected mice,CKD and aerobic exercise without incline and CKD and aerobic exercise with incline were divided. In order to induce CKD,they received adenine powder of 0.2% mg/kg for 4 weeks.The training groups performed eight weeks of treadmill training(5 sessions perweek)one group performed with a 20-degree incline and the other group performed with a zero-degree incline.After the last training session, sampling of blood was done to measure blood  urea nitrogen and urea and glutathione concentration by ELISA method.The expression of SIRT1,NRF1 and TNF-α genes was measured by qPCR-Real Time technique. For statistical analysis,one way ANOVA test and Tukey's post hoc test and significance level P≤0.05 were used.Findings:The results showed that induction of CKD caused a significant increase in blood urea nitrogen and a significant decrease in glutathione concentration compared to the healthy control group (P<0.05).On the other hand, in the exercise group, there is a significant increase in glutathione concentration and a significant decrease in blood urea nitrogen (P<0.05).The expression level of SIRT1 and NRF1 in the slope training group increased significantly and the expression level of TNF-α decreased significantly (P<0.05).