Showing 9 results for Research
Sr Majdzadeh, B Larijani,
Volume 3, Issue 0 (7-2004)
Abstract
The current challenge in health services research is disability to present comprehensive and effective intervention plans for community health promotion. There are numerous reasons in this regard, some of which can be overcome through performance-based participatory research methods. The Population Research Center (PRC) in Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) provides the necessary ground: 1) to innovate original methods in participatory research that are compatible with our native culture, and 2) to make the results of the population research applicable to the whole society through target-based executive steps. The steps to implement health promotion (known as Planned Approach To Community Health) include: acquirement of people’s participation, health needs assessment, priority setting for health problems, designing health interventions, and evaluation of the activities. Those parts of this approach, which are mainly concerned with needs assessment in the area of endocrinology and the causal factors of related diseases, have been accomplished. The next step in this field is to plan appropriate intervention projects and to put them into practice through the principles of community participation and community empowerment.
Bagher Larijani, Farzaneh Zahedi,
Volume 4, Issue 0 (2-2005)
Abstract
Background: In modern biomedicine, there is an increasing speed of development of new ideas and technologies and, consequently, increasing speed of new applicable knowledge. The rapid advances in medicine and biotechnology during recent decades, is accompanied with important discussions about new questions and dilemmas in the field of professional ethics. The increased recognition of ethical problems has contributed to the emergence of medical ethics as a new, cooperative and collaborative discipline in the world.
Methods: This article provides an introduction to main issues in modern medical ethics. It is a review of a great deal of books and articles which are published in the recent years.
Results: Some of the issues discussed include: physician-patient relationship, consent and informed decision-making, issues before birth, and end of life issues. Ethical issues in organ transplantation, biotechnology, assisted reproduction, medical research, clinical ethics education, and resource allocation are also reviewed briefly.
Conclusion: This intensive review of the basic issues in contemporary medical ethics is aimed at providing health care professionals a basic knowledge about ethical issues within their clinical practice.
Alireza Bagheri,
Volume 4, Issue 0 (2-2005)
Abstract
Background: Global distribution of diseases in recent years has shown that health problems are no longer limited to the geographical borders of a country but are a global. Establishing international research collaboration has been highlighted as an appropriate strategy for confronting health problems. The possibility of exploitation of human subjects and also research capacity in developing countries particularly by pharmaceutical companies has caused concerns about the nature of such kind of research collaborations. In many countries general ethical guidelines help researchers and ethics committees to deal with the issue. However lack of expertise in general as well as ethical guidelines to address externally-sponsored research in particular, exposed human subjects to greater harm and has ignored ways of guarantying their benefits.
Methods and Results: In view of experiences of clinical trials which have been conducted in Africa and Asia by developed countries, this paper focuses attention of researchers and health policy makers on externally-sponsored researches. By reviewing the international ethical guidelines, the paper argues for the development of national ethical guidelines in order to protect human subjects as well as national interests.
Bagher Larijani, Farzaneh Zahedi, Fariba Asghari,
Volume 4, Issue 0 (2-2005)
Abstract
Background: While the results of genetic research have increased our medical knowledge, promoted health and treatment of illness, some unique ethical problems arise about this type of research. Genetic information is often considered "special", or different from other kinds of medical information because of its close association with individual identity, which is due in part to the common assumption that genes are determinative of human health and characteristics. Thus there is potentially risk of harmful events genetic research participants including stigmatization or discrimination by employers and insurers. In addition, the fact that genetic information about an individual reveals information about relatives, creates new and complex ethical issues, particularly regarding privacy and confidentiality.
Methods: Given the importance of this subject, we searched PubMed, Medline and Ovid for some keywords such as "genetic research" and "ethics" during the recent decade. We compiled the article by reference to valid searched articles and some books.
Results & Conclusion: Informed consent, confidentiality, ownership of genetic information, family/cultural considerations, storage and future use of genetic samples, counseling and supervision contrivances are some respect important general ethical concerns which this paper discuss about briefly
Bagher Larijani, Farzaneh Zahedi,
Volume 5, Issue 4 (6-2006)
Abstract
Medicine and ethics have increasingly more links caused by considerable progresses in biotechnology in different fields of medical diagnosis, treatment and prevention. The issue of research ethics is one of the most important subjects which have been emphasized by international and regional organizations, policy-makers, medical and religious professions, scientists and researchers in different countries in recent decade. It is widely understood that research ethics committees typically play an important role in evaluating the ethical aspects of medical research. A ‘Research Ethics Committee’ (REC) is defined as a multidisciplinary, independent, body charged with reviewing research involving human participants to ensure that their dignity, rights and welfare are protected. Research ethics committees protect the welfare and rights of participants involved in research through reviewing research proposals, monitoring the conduct of research and dealing with complaints that arise from research.
This manuscript will introduce you to the concepts underlying research ethics committees worldwide and in Iran. This paper will begin with a brief history of research ethics, continues with a concise overview of ethics committee situation and responsibilities, and ends with an outline of the national activities. We hope the manuscript could enhance awareness of biomedical researchers about status and duties of research ethics committees and consequently strengthen the RECs in our country.
Hamideh Moosapour, Farzaneh Saeidi Fard, Bagher Larijani, Akbar Soltani,
Volume 16, Issue 3 (3-2017)
Abstract
Research, as systematic way to discover, interpret, explain, predict, modify, and control events, entails the knowledge-based performance of individuals, organizations and systems. Today, knowledge is a tool for development, entrepreneurship, and improving economic value added rather than be a product of development. Also, Health systems, with their increasing complexity and scope, are causes and especially effects of an increasing rate of production, translation and implementation of health-related knowledge. This knowledge, with complexity, vast range, and variety, is produced by variety of research projects which mainly resulted from different problems addressed and presumed epistemic positions by them.
Authors believe that a comprehensive outlook on the variety of research projects in the health system could help to change the stereotypical view on research in the health system. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is a novel, narrative review gathering and presenting various existing classifications of research projects in the light of an inductive distinction. It aims to help specialists in the different levels of health system to profoundly understand and meticulously apply research results and to help researchers and research bodies to more accurately define, manage, prioritize, and allocate resources for future research projects to solve upcoming problems.
Different aspects used in this paper to classify health research projects are the followings: The purpose of research, the research paradigms, tacit or explicit knowledge, primary or secondary knowledge, relation with known disciplines, functions of the health system, the partnerships of non-academic persons, decision-making level, taxonomy of questions, and levels of evidence.
Ata Pourabassi, Zahra Kheiry, Sarah Nouriyengejeh, Solmaz-Sadat Naghavi Alhosseini, Farnaz Banakar,
Volume 18, Issue 3 (3-2019)
Abstract
Background: The main problem of modern humans is non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, etc. Diabetes has the highest prevalence. It imposes many costs on society and the patient. Diabetics have special needs for a better life; hence, the researcher's aim is to accomplish them by defining researches and technology missions. Our purpose was to understand the real needs of a diabetic patient. Previous studies were evaluated to find out which one was effective.
Methods: In this research, 120 diabetic children's parents were requested to write a letter entitled "Hi Inventor" and describe any efficient inventions, which could make life easier for their children. Besides, research papers and patents from Iran over the past ten years have been evaluated in terms of their compliance with patients' needs.
Results: Parent's statements gathered in the form of 12 real needs. The main concern was the invasive method of blood glucose testing and they were asking for innovative method to measure blood glucose with less pain. Among published articles by Iranian researchers over the past ten years, 3% of the articles were in some way related to the actual needs of patients with diabetes. A total of 1017 patents from Iran was looked for, there were 3 diabetes-related patents.
Discussion: To sufficiently support the conducting research and identifying research priorities in the country, it is necessary to consider a balanced ratio between fundamental and applied research so that the patients' community can benefit from the early results of research as well.
Mahnaz Sanjari, Noushin Fahimfar, Fatemeh Hajivalizadeh, Safora Gharibzadeh, Kazem Khalaji, Zohreh Hosseinzadeh, Firozeh Hajipour, Kobra Gorgani, Afshin Ostovar,
Volume 20, Issue 1 (1-2021)
Abstract
Background: Osteoporosis is one of the most important health problems in the country due to fracture. Osteoporosis Research Center with more than 20 years of experience in this field tries to present achievements and activities of the management and treatment of osteoporosis in the country while introducing this center. This review aims to overview the osteoporosis research center activities on osteoporosis.
Methods: In these conventional review national and international databases were investigated on osteoporosis without any restriction on time and language. Also, other activities that are not reflected in the papers were obtained from the professional website and official reports.
Results: According to the strategic plan of the osteoporosis research center, the achievements of this center provided in in three areas of research (population-based studies, clinical studies, basic science studies and health system studies), technology (diagnostic, therapeutic technologies, service delivery models) and education (training students at different levels of education). Supplementary, patient education, general education, and service provider training).
Conclusion: Osteoporosis Research Center is recognized as the only specialized research center in the field of osteoporosis in the country. The center is trying to improve its position as a regional center in the field of osteoporosis by relying on its strategic and operational plan, in addition to maintaining its current position.
Shahnaz Esmaeili, Fatemeh Bandarian, Farideh Razi, Hossein Adibi, Ali Jalili, Babak Arjmand, Camelia Rambod, Ensieh Nasli-Esfahani, Bagher Larijani,
Volume 20, Issue 1 (1-2021)
Abstract
Background: Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute (EMRI) is one of the largest research institutes in Iran, which has been established to develop research strategies and manage endocrine and metabolic diseases such as diabetes. The purpose of this report is to review and summarize research activities related to diabetes over a quarter of a century at EMRI.
Methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus and EMBASE was conducted to find diabetes-related studies in EMRI. After extracting the data, the articles were classified according to the type of article, the level of evidence, the types of diabetes and their subject.
Results: After eliminating duplicates and screening, finally 228 articles were classified. Most diabetes research conducted at the Diabetes Research Center (DRC) was on type 2 diabetes (37%). By article type, most of the articles were original. In addition, clinical studies provided the most evidence in the obtained documents. By topic, most of the articles were related to the basic sciences and factors related to diabetes, followed by studies on the management and prevention of diabetes.
Conclusion: Most of the research conducted in the Diabetes Research Center in the past quarter of a century is of original studies in the field of basic sciences in the field of type 2 diabetes and most of the evidence produced is related to observational studies.
