Iranian Journal of

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Background: Myocardial infarction is the most important cause of mortality all over the world. Complications may increase with some risk factors including stress hyperglycemia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation and importance of hyperglycemia in acute intrahospital complications after AMI.
Methods: Prevalence of stress hyperglycemia among 160 patients with acute myocardial infarction (Q wave MI) was determined. These patients were divided into normoglycemic and stress hyperglycemic groups. These were compared according to complications such as heart failure, cardiogenic shock and mortality.
Results: 61% were normoglycemic and 7.5% had stress hyperglycemia. 25% had history of diabetes and 4.4% were not aware of diabetes. Among 18 patients with stress hyperglycemia, 6 patient (50%) and among 101 normoglycemic patients 18 (17.8%) were affiliated with cardiac failure that the difference were significant (P=0.02 and χ 2= 6.25). There were no cases of cardiogenic shock in both groups. Three patients died during first hours of admission (2.97%). They hadn't have history of diabetes. We could not assign them to normoglycemic or stress hyperglycemic groups since blood sampling had not been done yet.
Conclusion: Stress hyperglycemia can increase complications of AMI, significantly stress hyperglycemia caused increased incidence of heart failure in this study.

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Background: Regarding the adverse effect of stress on glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients, the present study investigates the function of Glibenclamide on insulin release from β cells of rat pancreatic islets, subsequent to chronic psychological stress exposure.
Methods: In this study 30 male Wistar rats were divided into equal groups of control and experiment (5 groups). Four different restraint stressors with random sequence were used 1h twice daily for 15 and 30 days. 24 hours after the last stress session, static insulin secretion from isolated pancreatic islets of each animal were evaluated in the presence of 5.6, 8.3 and 16.7 mM glucose. Also insulin release in response to 5.6 mM glucose in the presence of 10 μM Glibenclamide was evaluated.
Results: The insulin release from isolated islets of the stress experienced animals was significantly increased only on the 30th day as compared to the control animals. In the experiment group, insulin release from the islets in the presence of 5.6 mM glucose alone was significantly increased on the 15th and 30th days as compared to the first day. However, in the control group there was no significant increase in insulin release at the similar conditions. In contrast to the control group, insulin release in response to 5.6 mM glucose in the presence of 10 μM Glibenclamide revealed no significant difference in the experiment group on the 1st 15th and 30th days as compared to the insulin release in the presence of 5.6 mM glucose alone. Insulin release from the isolated islets exposed to 5.6 mM glucose in the presence of 10 μM Glibenclamide, on different experimental days was not significantly different between the control and experiment groups.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it appears that chronic psychological stress decreases the responsiveness of pancreatic β cells to Glibenclamide, subsequently could prevent the augmentation of insulin release induced by the drug. This finding is worthy to consider in metabolic control of diabetic patients whom consume the agent.

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Objective(s): The purpose of the present study is to better understand relationships between mental health components (Psychological distress, Psychological wellbeing) and utilization of health services and community aged care services among the Iranian elderly living in Sydney metropolitan area. These findings will, in part, fill the gap in gerontological knowledge and also help to health policy makers, social fairness, increasing fairness to the Iranian elderly migrants, and also increasing their more access to the aged care services. Material & methods: In this cross sectional study 302 old people were selected via a random sample among 1209 Iranian aged people 65 years old and over migrated in Australia. In this study 302 old people 65 years old and over participated who lived in Sydney state’s of Australia for at least 6 months prior to the survey. This study has done in 2005-7. Multiple methods were utilized to collect data including telephone interviews, face to face interviews, or a written survey instrument by mail. The tools used were based on the “annual elderly health survey in 2000” through Australian ministry of health. The mental health instruments applied were psychological well being (Yeild), and psychological distress (K6). The service utilization tools included utilization of aged care services (basic and supportive), and use of health services. T test, ANOVA and liner regression applied to predict of mental health components by SPSS ver.15 soft wear. Results: demonstrated that the majority of respondents reported feeling so sad and nervous most of the time in the last four weeks. The bulk of respondents had moderate level of psychological distress. About one quarter of respondents had lower level of feeling of wellbeing in the last four weeks preceding this study. Use of health services and community basic aged care services are predicted by mental health status of Iranian elderly respondents. However, mental health status could not predict utilization of community supportive aged care services. Conclusion: Generally, use of interpreters and organized community services were predicted with mental health components among the Iranian elderly migrants.

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Background: Diabetes is the most common metabolic diseases and its vascular complications are main cause of death in diabetic patients. Patients with hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and oxidative stress are prone to diabetes complications. The goal of this study was investigation of the effect of cysteine (Cys) on hyperglycemia, lipid profile, atherogenic index, glyoxal, methylglyoxal, oxidative stress and, glycation and oxidation of LDL in the rat model of diabetes –atherosclerosis. Methods: Diabetes was induced in the rats using Streptozotocin injection then they put on the atherogenic diet. The groups under study were including of control and diabetic rats, and two other similar groups under Cys (0.05 % in dirking water) treatment. After one month, fasting blood sugar (FBS), lipid profile, atherogenic index (LDL/HDL), glycated and oxidized LDL, AGEs, glyoxal, methylglyoxal, Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) as an oxidative stress index and weight of rat was measured. Results: Diabetic-atherosclerotic rat groups significantly showed higher level of FBS, triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL, atherogenic index, glycated and oxidized LDL, glyoxal, methylglyoxal and AOPP than control group. These parameters significantly (P < 0.001) reduced in diabetic group treated with Cys in comparison of untreated. Conclusion: Cysteine with improving property on glycemic and lipemic conditions, inhibitory activity on glycation and oxidation of LDL and reduction of oxidative stress in diabetic-atherosclerotic rats could recommended as a drug for prevention of diabetes complications.

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Background: There are no available reports indicating the effects of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) eating plan on insulin resistance, inflammation and oxidative stress among pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) We aimed to investigate the effects of DASH diet on insulin resistance, serum hs-CRP and biomarkers of oxidative stress among pregnant women with GDM. Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial was performed among 32 pregnant women diagnosed with GDM at 24-28 weeks' gestation. Subjects were randomly assigned to consume either the control (n=16) or DASH diet (n=16) for 4 weeks. The DASH diet was rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy products and low in saturated fats, total fats, cholesterol, refined grains, and sweets, with a total of 2400 mg/d sodium. The control diet contained 40-55% of its energy as carbohydrates, 10-20% as proteins and 25-30% as total fats. Fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and after 4 weeks of intervention to measure fasting plasma glucose (FPG), serum insulin and hs-CRP, HOMA-IR, plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total glutathione levels (GSH). Results: Consumption of DASH diet, compared to the control diet, resulted in decreased FPG (-7.62 vs. 3.68 mg/dL P=0.02), serum insulin levels (-2.62 vs. 4.32 µIU/ml, P=0.03) and HOMA-IR score (-0.8 vs. 1.1 P=0.03). Increased concentrations of plasma TAC (45.2 vs. -159.2 mmol/L P<0.0001) and GSH (108.1 vs. -150.9 µmol/L P<0.0001) were also seen in the DASH group compared with control group. We failed to find a significant difference in mean changes of serum hs-CRP levels between the two diets. Within-group comparisons revealed a significant reduction in plasma TAC and GSH levels in the control diet, while a significant rise in these biomarkers in the DASH diet. Conclusion: In summary, consumption of DASH diet in pregnant women with GDM had beneficial effects on FPG, serum insulin levels, HOMA-IR score, plasma TAC and total GSH levels. The effects of this dietary pattern on pregnancy outcomes need to be investigated in future studies.

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Background: Physiological stress may affect eating habits and also foods intake may alter the physiological stress. According to the reports of high levels of serum cortisol as a stress biomarker in type 2 diabetic patients the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between dietary patterns and serum cortisol concentration in type 2 diabetic patents. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 241 type 2 diabetic patients in 2013. Major dietary patterns were obtained by factor analysis. Serum cortisol was measured at 8 am. Serum cortisol level was compared among tertiles of dietary patterns using ANCOVA adjusted for confounders (age, sex, BMI, and fasting blood glucose). Linear regression analysis was performed to assess the association between serum cortisol and scores of dietary patterns. Results: Three major dietary patterns were identified as Western, healthy and healthy like. None of the variables age, waist circumference, body mass index, physical activity level, duration of diabetes and fasting blood glucose was significantly associated with serum cortisol. After adjustment for confounders, no statistically significant difference was found in mean serum cortisol among tertiles of dietary patterns or no statistically significant association between serum cortisol and dietary patterns scores. Mean serum cortisol was 12.95±5.10 nmol/L which was in normal range. Conclusion: This study showed that in type 2 diabetic patients, normal levels of serum cortisol were not associated with the adherence to Western, Healthy and Healthy like dietary patterns.

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Background: Diabetes is one of the most common diseases of the body's endocrine system, Based on present forecasts of its prevalence will increase in human societies. Diabetes mellitus consists of 5 groups, its two major groups: type I diabetes or insulin-dependent and type II diabetes or non-insulin dependent diabetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of alcoholic extract of green wheat leaves on glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL and total antioxidant capacity of blood serum in alloxan-induced diabetic mice.
Methods: In this study, 40 male mice with an average weight of 25-20 grams in eight groups of five rats: The negative control, positive control (sham), Methformin (60mg/kg), green Wheat leaf extract (100, 200, 400, 800 and 1000mg/kg) were tested. Blood glucose was measured at baseline, then in the positive control group and the experimental groups by Alloxan (120mg/kg) Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneally. During the study, the positive control group and experimental groups received aforementioned compounds for 10 days via intraperitoneally and after 48 hours of each group blood samples were taken through the intraventricular anesthesia and glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL and total antioxidant capacity in serum were measured. Quantitative results achieved in this research by one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test between the groups studied Considering the significance level of p <% 5 were analyzed.
Results: The results showed that blood glucose changes in green Wheat leaf extract and metformin groups compared with the positive control group and negative control group was significant at the 5% level and In all under study groups blood glucose levels, Compared with the positive control group decreased and is close to the negative control group also in doses of 100, 200, 800 and 1000 mg/kg Reduced blood glucose is better than methformin group. Methformin and green Wheat leaf extract caused a significant increase at all doses studied in the TAC's Blood. Methformin and green Wheat leaf extract on the amounts of LDL, HDL and cholesterol in diabetic groups had no significant effect and did not have significant difference with other groups. There was no significant effect of different doses of green Wheat leaf extract on the blood triglycerides. However, metformin has a significant impact on triglyceride levels.
Conclusion: The results of the effects of green Wheat leaf extract on glucose and serum antioxidant capacity
It can be noted that these extracts in the treatment of diabetes and reduce its complications can be considered as an option.
 

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Background: Diabetes is one of the most prevalent chronic illness that is closely associated with some psychological problems, particularly stress. In this case, psychological interventions can be useful. The aim of this study was to investigate effectiveness of Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) on psychosocial adjustment to illness in patient with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: In this study, semi-experimental method (pre-posttest) with control group was used. Population of the study included patients with type 2 diabetes that were member of Iranian Diabetes Society of Tehran. For sampling, 60 patients with type 2 diabetes were considered and then divided in two groups based on random sampling method. Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale was used.
Results: ANCOVA showed that MBSR significantly effect on psychosocial adjustment to illness. Additionally, the results showed that MBSR significantly effect on attitude towards the disease and the social environment (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Findings revealed that MBSR can be effective on increasing psychosocial adjustment to illness in patients with type 2 diabetes. These findings have been inferred that patients with type 2 diabetes need to increase their psychosocial adjustment to illness.
 

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Background: The aim of the present research is to predict the self-care behaviors based on emotional distress and physician – patient’s relationship in adolescents with diabetes.
Methods: The research design was correlation and the study population included all adolescents with diabetes at Shiraz city. For this purpose, 198 adolescent patients participated in the study through the convenience sampling method. Research instruments included the Questionnaire of Diabetes Self-management, Emotional Distress Questionnaire and finally Physician–Patient’s Relationship Questionnaire. To analyze the data, the simultaneous multiple regression methods were applied using SPPS (version 17).
Results: Regression analysis showed that emotional distress (β=-0.58, P<0.001) significantly (negative) predicted diabetes self-care behaviors. Also, among the components of emotional distress only barriers to treatment (β=-0.53, P<0.001) significantly (negative) predicted diabetes self-care behaviors. However, results showed that physician–patient’s relationship did not significantly predicted diabetes self-care behaviors.
Conclusion: According to the results, it can be argued that the emotional distress (especially barriers to treatment) variable, play an important role in addressing diabetes self-care behaviors in adolescents.
 

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Background: High oxidative stress in pregnant women leads to pathogenesis or progression of disease in newborns. The aim of this study was to investigate the Effect of Endurance Training in Maternal Metabolic Syndrome with Metformin on Oxidant and antioxidant Capacity in their Neonates.
Methods: To implementation of this experimental research, 16 female Wistar rats weighing 100 ± 20 gr randomly were divided into 4 groups including metabolic syndrome + control; metabolic syndrome + metformin; metabolic syndrome + endurance training; metabolic syndrome + metformin + endurance training. The metabolic syndrome model was performed using dietary change and confirmed by the Lee index. Metformin 500 mg was also given at a dose of 100 mg/kg, as well as by daily water intake to the rats. endurance training performed at 5 days a week for 15-40 min with speed of 10-25m/min on treadmill for 8 weeks. Pregnancy was confirmed in rats after vaginal plaque was observed After the pregnancy and delivery period of the rats, newborn babies (4 newborns from each mother as the main sample) were prepared one week after birth for explanation.
Results: The results showed that metformin had no significant effect on superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in comparison with control group, but endurance training and endurance training with metformin resulted in increased SOD and MDA reduction in neonatal heart tissue (p=0.000).
Conclusion: According to the results, it seems that the endurance training of mothers with metabolic syndrome has a protective effect on oxidative and antioxidant systems in their offspring.

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of obesity and inactive physical activity, and glucose modulation is of great importance in these individuals. Thyme was studied on type 2 diabetic rats by streptozotocin and high fat diet.
Methods: Male Wistar rats weighing 110±10 g were used in this study. The rats were randomly divided into four groups of Thymus + Exercise, Thymus, Exercise and Control groups. The extract was taken 200 g daily through a gavage syringe. Exercise included: Running on a treadmill at a speed of at least 20 m / min and a maximum of 38 m / min for 60 minutes daily, 5 days a week, for 8 weeks. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GTX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) were measured by ELISA method.
Results: Serum MDA and CAT levels were significantly higher in the control group (p = 0.002). The results also showed that there was no significant difference between SOD and GPX levels in different research groups (p = 0.790).
Conclusion: Intermittent exercise (HIIT) and thyme extract can improve oxidative and antioxidant balance in diabetic rats.

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Background: Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress play a pivotal role in the diabetic neuropathic pain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of aerobic exercise with melatonin on RAGE gene expression and some indicators of oxidative stress in rats with diabetic neuropathic pain
Methods: Forty 8-week-old male Wistar rats (weight range 204 ± 11.3 g) were randomly divided into five of 8 groups including: diabetic neuropathy (50 mg / kg streptozotocin intraperitoneal injection), diabetic melatonin neuropathy (mg / kg 10 melatonin daily for 6 weeks), diabetic neuropathy exercise (30 minutes of aerobic exercise at 15 meters per minute, 5 days a week for 6 weeks), diabetes melatonin neuropathy and healthy exercise and control. After confirmation of diabetic neuropathy by behavioral tests, exercise protocol and supplementation were performed. RAGE gene expression was measured by real-time technique and oxidative stress indices in spinal cord tissue by spectrophotometer. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test were used for statistical analysis.
Results: Exercise and melatonin reduced the sensitivity of the nervous system to thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia. Aerobic exercise with melatonin significantly reduced RAGE gene expression and MAD concentration and increased the activity of SOD and CAT enzymes compared to the diabetic neuropathy group (P <0.05).
Conclusion: Aerobic exercise with melatonin modulates the expression of RAGE gene and oxidative stress indices and improves the sensitivity of nociceptors to pain factors. It is recommended to use aerobic exercise with melatonin for diabetics to reduce neuropathic pain.

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Background: the present study aims at investigating the effect of Stress coping techniques and self-regulation strategies on the blood glucose level of diabetic patients.
Methods:  the research method was experimentally pretest – posttest with control group. this purpose, out of all those patients who had referred to the Diabetes Center of Bushehr City, 45 diabetic patients were selected randomly in two experiment groups (each with 15 patients) and one control group (with 15 patients) by purposeful sampling method with random replacement. The experimental groups were trained by the Stress coping techniques and self-regulation strategies in eight 90-minute sessions. In this study, the Accu-Chek Active Blood Glucose Meter was used to measure the blood glucose level. Data were analyzed by SPSS V.25. The follow-up phase was also carried out two months after the medical intervention.
Results: the training in two ways of stress coping and self-regulation strategies has reduced the level of blood glucose among the diabetic patients (P = 0.0001) of which the impact has remained been stable over the time (P < 0.05). There is also a significant difference in the effect of the Stress coping techniques and self-regulation strategies on the blood glucose level of diabetic patients (P < 0.05) such that training the Stress coping techniques has more impact on reduction of blood glucose level of diabetic patients.
Conclusion: results show that training the Stress coping techniques and self-regulation strategies can significantly reduce the blood glucose level of diabetic patients and treat the diabetes effectively.

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Background: People with diabetes face psychological challenges. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to cognitive therapies based on mindfulness in this field. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on anxiety tolerance and cognitive flexibility in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the present study was all type 2 diabetic patients referred to the Maternal Diabetes Center, Touba Specialized and Sub-Specialized Clinic and Mostafavian Clinic in Sari in 2019-2020. Simple randomization was substituted in experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups. However, no intervention was performed on the control group during this period. The Simon and Gaher (2005) Emotional Distress Scale and the Doyce and Woodwall (2010) Scale were used to collect data. mean, standard deviation and multivariate analysis of covariance were used to analyze the research data.
Results: The results showed that the effect of Mindfulness-based cognitive therapywas on distress tolerance (F= 28.74, P<0.001) and on Cognitive flexibility (F= 31.57, P<0.001).
Conclusion: Considering the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on anxiety tolerance and cognitive flexibility, it seems that this treatment can be used to reduce psychological problems in patients with type 2 diabetes.
 

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Background: Fatty liver disease and its relationship with cardiovascular diseases is one of the concerns of today's society, therefore the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of eight weeks of endurance training and growth hormone injections on Cardiac mitochondrial PGC1α content and some oxidative stress indices in mice with hepatic damage.
Methods: In this experimental study, 21 male mice were, randomly, divided into three groups (n=7): control (C), Exercise (E), Exercise + Growth Hormone (EGH) group. The Medium intensity endurance training program was performed for eight weeks and 5 sessions with an intensity of 50% VO2max of per week. The somatropin injection protocols were 1 mg/ kilogram/body weight, respectively. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using the software SPSS, using One-Way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests.
Results: PGC1a levels increased in both groups compared to the control group. SOD and MDA levels increased and decreased in both groups compared to the control group, respectively. The reduction of HOMA levels was significant only in E group compared to the control group. Also, the difference between E and E-GH group was significant. ALT/AST ratio decreased in both groups compared to the control group. The reduction of LDL/HDL ratio was significant only in group E compared to the control group.
Conclusion: Endurance training has produced a more effective response in improving NAFLD markers than GH peptides. Growth hormone injection can have negative consequences on some indicators of this abnormality.

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Background: The effects of regular exercise on miRNA profile and oxidative stress indices are less known. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in expression of  miR-17 and oxidative stress indices in overweight and obese women following high-intensity functional training.
Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 22 overweight and obese women were randomly divided into two groups of high-intensity functional training (n= 10) and control (n= 12). The subjects of the training group performed high-intensity functional exercises 3 times a week for 8 weeks and intensity of rating of perceived exertion≥7. Before and after 8 weeks, blood samples were taken to measure expression of miR-17 gene, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Analysis of covariance test was used to analyze the data.
Results: After eight weeks of high-intensity functional training, expression of miR-17 in the experimental group significantly decreased compared to the control group (P= 0.001). After eight weeks of high-intensity functional training, TAC (P= 0.0001), GPX (P= 0.007) and SOD (P= 0.001) increased significantly in the experimental group compared to the control group. No significant change was observed in MDA (P= 0.778).
Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that eight weeks of high-intensity functional training may lead to the reduction of miR-17 expression and the improvement of oxidative stress indices and antioxidant enzymes, which may be effective in improving metabolic indices and obesity complications.

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Background: Despite advances in diabetes-related treatments, the effects of the disease have not yet been adequately reversed or prevented in patients.
Methods: In this study, type 1 diabetes mice models was established using multiple low-dose alloxan, and the diabetic mice were treated with three doses of dimethyl fumarate (DMF) i.e low, medium, and high viz. 20, 40 and 80 mg/kg, respectively for a period of 21 days. Then, specific test were done to evaluate blood biochemical parameters, oxidative stress markers, inflammatory genes expression, and histopathological changes in the mice kidney and liver.

Findings: The obtained results showed remarkably improved anti-diabetic, hepato-renal-protective, and oxidative stress indexes of DMF in alloxan-induced diabetic mice (p< 0.001). Treated mice with DMF demonstrated a noteworthy decrease in blood glucose levels when compared with diabetic group (p< 0.001). On the contrary, the histological features of the treated mice with DMF improve as shown by normal size of glomerular capillaries along with decrease in less dilatation of ducts in comparison with diabetic mice. The real-time quantitative PCR results indicated that DMF injection decreased the alloxan-induced increase of significant elevations in mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines levels in both kidney and liver tissues. Meanwhile, mice treated with DMF showed an increase in Sirt1 and Nrf2 expression in comparison to diabetic group.

Conclusion: In conclusion, it can be concluded that DMF treatment provides hepato-renal protective effects on alloxan-induced diabetic mice model by attenuating ROS inflammatory pathways.
 

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Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of self-compassion training on distress tolerance, anxiety sensitivity and emotional self-control in women with type 2 diabetes.
Method: This research was experimental and semi-experimental using the pre-test-post-test method with a control group. The statistical population of the intended research included all women with type 2 diabetes in 2023 who visited endocrinologists' offices in Sari, who were selected using a targeted method and then randomly divided into two experimental and control groups were placed. Data were collected using Simmons and Gaher's distress tolerance questionnaire, Tanji's emotional self-control anxiety sensitivity. Then, the data were analyzed using multivariate and single-variable covariance methods in SPSS-24 software.
Findings: The results showed that the treatment focused on compassion is effective on distress tolerance, anxiety sensitivity and emotional self-control of women with type 2 diabetes.
Conclusion: In fact, the treatment focused on compassion makes the person distance himself from blaming, condemning and self-criticism, which are all examples of lack of emotional self-control, and instead stabilizes his emotional self-control in the first stage and gradually be strengthened.
 

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Introduction:The purpose of the research was to compare the effect of two types of raeobic exercise with and without incline on the modulation of oxidative stress and kidney function in CKD mice.Methods:The number of 24 two-month-old C57bl6 female  mice weighing 25±26.1 grams were randomly divided into four groups:healthy control,CKD-affected mice,CKD and aerobic exercise without incline and CKD and aerobic exercise with incline were divided. In order to induce CKD,they received adenine powder of 0.2% mg/kg for 4 weeks.The training groups performed eight weeks of treadmill training(5 sessions perweek)one group performed with a 20-degree incline and the other group performed with a zero-degree incline.After the last training session, sampling of blood was done to measure blood  urea nitrogen and urea and glutathione concentration by ELISA method.The expression of SIRT1,NRF1 and TNF-α genes was measured by qPCR-Real Time technique. For statistical analysis,one way ANOVA test and Tukey's post hoc test and significance level P≤0.05 were used.Findings:The results showed that induction of CKD caused a significant increase in blood urea nitrogen and a significant decrease in glutathione concentration compared to the healthy control group (P<0.05).On the other hand, in the exercise group, there is a significant increase in glutathione concentration and a significant decrease in blood urea nitrogen (P<0.05).The expression level of SIRT1 and NRF1 in the slope training group increased significantly and the expression level of TNF-α decreased significantly (P<0.05).