Showing 18 results for Women
Mohammad Ali Boroumand, Leila Sam, Seyed Hesameddin Abbasi, Mojtaba Salarifar, Ebrahim Kassaian, Saeedeh Forghani,
Volume 4, Issue 2 (8-2004)
Abstract
Background: This study was performed to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Iranian population.
Methods: Between March 2003 and December 2003, 202 nonpregnant women with diabetes type 2 who were between 31 to 78 years old and had no abnormalities of the urinary tract system were included. We defined ASB as the presence of at least 105 colony-forming units/ml of 1 or 2 bacterial species, in two separated cultures of clean-voided midstream urine. All the participants were free from any symptoms of urinary tract infection (UTI). Risk factors for developing bacteriuria was assessed and compared in participants with and without bacteriuria.
Results: In this study, the prevalence of ASB was 10.9% among diabetic women. E.coli was the most prevalent microorganism responsible for positive urine culture. Most of the isolated microorganisms were resistant to Co-trimoxazole, Nalidixic acid and Ciprofloxacin. Pyuria (P<0.001) and glucosuria (P<0.05) had meaningful relation with bacteriuria but no association was evident between age (P<0.45), duration of diabetes (P<0.09), macroalbuminuria (P<0.10) and HbA1c level (P<0.75), and the presence of ASB.
Conclusion: The prevalence of ASB is more prevalent in women with type 2 diabetes, which pyuria and glucosuria can be considered as risk factors in this regard. Routine urine culture can be recommended for diabetic women even when there is not any urinary symptom.
Ahmad Esmaillzadeh, Leila Azadbakht,
Volume 6, Issue 3 (5-2007)
Abstract
Background: Limited data are available relating intake of fruits and vegetables to inflammatory markers and risk of metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between fruits and vegetables intake and C-reactive protein (CRP) and the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome.
Methods: Fruits and vegetables intake were assessed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire in a cross-sectional study of 486 Tehranian female teachers aged 40-60 y. Anthropometric measurements were done and blood pressure was assessed according to standard methods. Fasting blood samples were taken for biochemical measurements. The metabolic syndrome was defined according to Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines.
Results: The reported mean daily intake of fruits and vegetables were 228±79 and 186±88 g/d respectively. Both fruits and vegetables intake were inversely associated with plasma CRP concentrations. After statistically controlling for age, BMI and waist circumference, mean plasma concentrations of CRP across increasing quintile categories of fruits were 1.94, 1.79, 1.65, 1.61 and 1.56 mg/L respectively (P for trend <0.01) and of vegetables were 2.03, 1.82, 1.58, 1.52 and 1.47 mg/L respectively (P for trend<0.01). These inverse associations remained significant after additional control for other potential confounding variables and dietary factors. After controlling for potential confounders individuals in the highest quintile of fruits intake had 34% (95% CI: 20%-46%) lower and those in the highest quintile of vegetables intake had 30% (95% CI: 16%-39%) lower chance of having the metabolic syndrome compared to those in the lowest quintiles.
Conclusion: In this study higher intake of fruits and vegetables were associated with lower risk of metabolic syndrome part of this association may be mediated through CRP. These findings support current dietary recommendations to increase the intake of fruits and vegetables as a primary preventive measure against cardiovascular disease.
Leila Azadbakht, Masoud Kimiagar, Yadolah Mehrabi, Ahmad Esmaeil Zadeh,
Volume 6, Issue 4 (6-2007)
Abstract
Background: Recently on the metabolic syndrome is considered as an inflammatory disease. So factors affecting inflammation are important in this condition.
Methods: This randomized cross-over clinical trial was undertaken on 42 postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome. Participants were randomly assigned to consume a control diet (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension= DASH), soy protein diet, or soy nut diet, each for eight weeks. Inflammatory markers were measured by ELISA.
Results: The difference from the control diet for E-selectin (an inflammatory markers which shows the endothelial function) was -11.4% (P<0.01) on the soy nut consumption and -4.7% (p=0.19) on the soy protein diets. Soy nut consumption reduced interleukin-18 compared to the control diet (difference from the control diet: -9.2%, p<0.01). For C-reactive protein the difference from the control diet was -8.9% (P<0.01) on the soy nut diet and -1.6% (P<0.01) on the soy protein diet.
Conclusion: Short-term soy nut consumption reduced some markers of inflammation and increased plasma nitric oxide levels in postmenopausal women with the metabolic syndrome.
Leila Azadbakht, Masoud Kimiagar, Yadolah Mehrabi, Ahmad Esmaeil Zadeh,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (7-2007)
Abstract
Background: Little evidence exists regarding the effects of soy consumption on the metabolic syndrome in humans. We aimed to determine the effects of soy consumption on components of the metabolic syndrome, plasma lipids, lipoproteins, insulin resistance and glycemic control in postmenopausal women with the metabolic syndrome.
Methods: This randomized cross-over clinical trial was undertaken on 42 postmenopausal women with the metabolic syndrome. Participants were randomly assigned to consume a control diet (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension= DASH), soy protein diet, or soy nut diet, each for eight weeks. Red meat in the DASH diet was replaced by soy protein in the soy protein period and by soy nut in the soy nut period.
Results: Total cholesterol was significantly reduced compared to the control (P<0.01) and soy protein groups (P<0.01). The results were the same regarding the fasting insulin serum (P<0.01 compared with the control and soy protein group), HOMA-IR (P<0.01 compared with the control and soy protein group), Fasting blood sugar (P<0.01 compared with the control and soy protein group), and LDL cholesterol (P<0.01 compared with the control and P<0.05 compared with the soy protein group). Both soy nut and soy protein reduced Apo B100 compared to the control group (P<0.01).
Conclusion: Short-term soy nut consumption improved glycemic control and lipid profiles in postmenopausal women with the metabolic syndrome
Ahmad Esmaillzadeh, Leila Azadbakht,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (9-2007)
Abstract
Background: Although hypertriglyceridemic waist (HW) phenotype has received much attention over recent years for its association with other metabolic abnormalities, it remains unknown whether its effects are mediated through changes in plasma concentrations of inflammatory markers. We aimed to evaluate the association between hypertriglyceridemic waist (HW) phenotype and markers of systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction among women.
Methods: Anthropometric and biochemical measurements were assessed in a cross-sectional study of 507 Iranian women aged 40-60 years. HW phenotype was defined as serum triacylglycerol concentration ≥150 mg/dl and concurrent waist circumference ≥89.
Results: The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemic waist (HW) phenotype was 32.2% (95% CI: 28.7, 35.7) among women. Individuals with HW phenotype had higher anthropometric measures, were older and less physically active. After control for potential confounding variables, women in different categories of WC had significantly different levels of CRP (WC main effect: P=0.001), TNF-α (P=0.01), IL-6 (P=0.001), E-selectin (P=0.007), sICAM-1 (P=0.01) and sVCAM-1 (P=0.02, 2-factor ANOVA for all). When the models were further adjusted for BMI, the difference in sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 ceased to be significant. Significant differences in CRP (TG main effect: P=0.01), TNF-α (P=0.008), SAA (P=0.03), IL-6 (P=0.01), E-selectin (P=0.02) and sICAM-1 (P=0.01, 2-factor ANOVA for all) were found between categories of TG concentration after control for confounders. Most of these differences remained significant even after additional adjustments for BMI, except for E-selectin. There was a significant interaction between WC and TG concentration with regard to CRP, IL-6, SAA, and E-selectin.
Conclusion: This study provides evidence showing a positive association between HW phenotype and markers of systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction.
Samaneh Azizi, Haleh Sadrzadehyeganeh, Seid Mostafa Hosseini, Milad Daneshimaskooni,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (1-2014)
Abstract
Background: Food insecurity refers to the inability to afford enough food for an active, healthy life.
The metabolic syndrome, otherwise known as syndrome X or the insulin resistance syndrome, is a
collection of cardiovascular risk factors including hypertriglyceridemia, lowered HDL-cholesterol,
glucose intolerance, abdominal obesity and hypertension. Recent studies indicate widespread
prevalence of food insecurity and metabolic syndrome in various regions of Iran. No studies have been
conducted so far to investigate the relationship between food insecurity and the metabolic syndrome in
Iran. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between food insecurity and metabolic
syndrome in women.
Methods: In this study, 130 women 30 to 60 years old with metabolic syndrome as cases and 130
women without metabolic syndrome as controls referred to clinics affiliated to Shiraz University of
Medical Sciences were selected. The USDA household food security questionnaire was used to assess
food insecurity status. The metabolic syndrome was defined according to the criteria of the Adult
Treatment Pane l II (ATP III).
Results: The prevalence of food insecurity was 69.2% in cases and 45.4% in controls (P< 0.001).
After multiple logistic regression and removal of potential confounders, food insecurity was
significantly associated with metabolic syndrome (OR3.2&CI 95%: 1.9-5.6)(P<0.05).
Conclusion: Given that food insecurity is an important risk factors for metabolic syndrome, Planners
should reduce food insecurity in society, especially women through measures to improve the economic
situation and dietary patterns of households.
Habib Moazami Goodarzi, Bagher Larijani, Abbasali Keshtkar, Patricia Khashayar,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (1-2014)
Abstract
Background: Discordance (the presence of different categories of T scores in two skeletal sites of a
single patient) can affect the physician’s decision to start medication or not. The present study was
therefore conducted to assess the prevalence of T-score discordance between spine and femoral neck
as well as its risk factors in a group of postmenopausal Iranian women.
Methods: The present analytical cross sectional research was conducted based on the results of
IROSTEOPs study on 8146 postmenopausal women referred to the bone mineral density (BMD)
center of Shariati Hospital affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences between 2000 and
2011. Based on their BMD results, the patients were categorized into three groups: Concordance and
Minor and Major discordance. The factors affecting the risk of developing discordance was then
studied through uni/and multivariate logistic regression.
Results: Discordance between spine and femoral neck was reported in 3741 (45.9%) of the
participants. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that older age, higher number of pregnancies and
higher body mass index (BMI) are the main risk factors for T-score discordance at the studied sites.
The use of hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) on the other hand played a protective role.
Conclusion: It could be concluded that performing BMD at two different sites is necessary for the
Iranian population, particularly postmenopausal women.
Maryam Bahadori , Leila Kohan, Nosaybeh Jafari ,
Volume 14, Issue 2 (1-2015)
Abstract
Background: obesity is the major health problems affecting communities worldwide and the prevalence is rapidly rising. Obesity as a lifestyle-related factor increases the risk of many diseases. Omentin is a new adipocytokine that is abundantly expressed in visceral fat tissue and its expression levels reversely correlated with obesity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between Val109Asp genetic polymorphism of Omentin gene and obesity risk in women. Methods: This case - control study was done on 260 women, including 186 women with BMI<30 as a control group and 74 women with BMI&ge30 with obesity. Omentin genotypes were determined by the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). The data were analyzed using the computer software SPSS for windows version17. Results: Genotype frequencies of the Asp/Asp, Asp/Val and Val/Val in the control group were 65.6%, 31.7%, 2.7% and obese patients were 51.4%, 39.2%, 9.5%, respectively. Comparison of genotype frequencies in the two groups showed that women with Val/Val genotype in compare to Asp/Asp had greater risk for complications of obesity (OR: 4.5, 95%CI: 1.3-14.9, P: 0.01). Conclusion: There is significant association between Val109Asp polymorphism in omentin gene and obesity in Iranian women.
Alireza Safarzade, Fakhri Baradaran-Jam, Elahe Talebi-Garakani, Rozita Fathi,
Volume 14, Issue 5 (7-2015)
Abstract
Background: kallikrein 7 (KLK7), a serine protease with a chymotrypsin-like specificity, is able to cleave human insulin in the A- and B-chain. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise training on plasma KLK7 concentration and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) in normal and overweight sedentary women.
Methods: Twenty-eight sedentary women, aged 24-60 years, voluntary participated in this study and according to body mass index status divided into normal (n=15) and overweight (n=13) groups. All subjects completed an 8-week progressive aerobic exercise training program (running with 40- 80% Heart rate reserve). Metabolic and Anthropometric (body weight, BMI, body fat percentage) parameters in addition to plasma KLK7 concentrations were measured at baseline and end of training program.
Results: Body fat percentage significantly decreased (P<0.05) and maximum oxygen consumption increased (P<0.05) by this training program in both training groups. At baseline, plasma KLK7 concentration in overweight women was significantly higher compared with normal weight group (P<0.05). Plasma KLK7 concentrations significantly increased after 8-week aerobic exercise training only in normal weight group (P<0.05). Changes in plasma KLK7 concentrations were not correlated with changes in insulin concentration and insulin resistance index (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Aerobic exercise training could be an effective factor to increase plasma KLK7 concentration in sedentary women. These data do not support a role of plasma KLK7 in insulin resistance alterations.
Sayede Sahere Ghoreishi, Sajad Ahmadizad, Dariush Sheikhol-Eslami Vatani, Farhad Azari,
Volume 15, Issue 4 (5-2016)
Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was the investigation effect of gender on plasma glucose, insulin and insulin resistance index in response to acute endurance activity and subsequent recovery periods in healthy individuals.
Methods: Eight females and seven males 20-30 years old (females 22.37±1.50 and men 23.42±1.27 years old, female weight 55.50±8.14 men and 79.85±15.16 kg, women height 160.12 ± 4.18 men and 179.71±6.57 cm) voluntarily participated in this study. Subjects performed two control activities during two consecutive weeks. The implementation of the sessions was randomly determined for each subject. Exercise program consisted of 45 min acute endurance at 75% of maximum heart rate on the treadmill and subsequently the subject was in a sitting position for one clock recovery. Four blood samples (6 ml) before and immediately after exercise, as well as 1 and 24 hours after the activity was collected. Two-way analysis of variance for data analysis was used.
Results: Regardless of gender, effects of activity and recovery on plasma insulin and insulin resistance index was significant (p <0.05) but not significant for glucose. Also when the data were corrected by changes in plasma volume, similar results were observed for insulin. Although changes of all factors (glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance) in response to activity session of acute exercise endurance was higher in men than in woman, gender has not significant effect on factors.
Conclusion: acute endurance activity and recovery induce change in insulin resistance index but these changes were not related to gender.
Maryam Zangeneh, Nahid Mohamadi, Tahereh Kolahi, Ghodratolah Roshanei, Masood Khodaveisi, Arezoo Shayan,
Volume 17, Issue 3 (3-2018)
Abstract
Background: Gestational diabetes is one of the most common metabolic disorders during pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to determine Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnant Women Referred to Therapeutic and Health Centers in Hamadan Town.
Methods: This descriptive-sectional study was done in the year2014 on 620 pregnant women Referred to The health Centers in Hamadan Town. The necessary information was collected by means of a self-made
Questionnaire. The scientific validity of the questionnaire Comments 15 members of the faculty of nursing and midwifery. The necessary amendments were made. To determine the reliability question a pilot study on 10 patients was performed twice with an interval of 10 days and offer 0/91 reliability was confirmed Then the data was analyzed by using SPSS software, independent Fisher test, Chi-square and a=0.05 was taken as the significant level.
Results: 110 of the 620 cases studied (almost 17.1%) suffered from gestational diabetes mellitus and 38 cases of all (almost 6.1%) had overt diabetes. Mean age of the pregnant women was30.6±5 and BMI25.3±4.1 their mean number of pergment was 1.6±0.8. Increasing the hours of mother's work at home, body mass index, household size, number and history of abortion, number of pregnancies and delivery, and the history of diabetes in the family, the chance of having diabetes also significantly increases (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Regarding the great importance of gestational diabetes and its complications on the fetus, diabetes preventive practices demand special attention to pregnant women Regarding the trend of increasing the incidence of pregnant women to gestational diabetes mellitus and the effect of demographic and obstetric factors on its development, screening for women before admission for diabetes and healthy lifestyle education is recommended.
Roya Askari, Amir Hosein Haghighi, Neda Badri,
Volume 17, Issue 4 (5-2018)
Abstract
Background: Increasing blood glucose levels is associated with a reduction in the antioxidant defense of the body. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of aerobic resistance exercises with and without ginger on some of the oxidative and antioxidant indices in type 2 diabetic women.
Methods: Twenty-two type 2 diabetic women with a mean age of 49.47±4.36 years, BMI 31.3±16.3 kg / m2, height 0.56±0.04 meters were selected randomly and they were divided into two experimental and control groups. Both groups performed 12 weeks, 3 sessions per week, exercises with intensity of 75-85%, 1RM in 8 stations, and after 5 minutes of rest, aerobic training exercises with an intensity of 75-85% of MHR. A daily group of 800 mg capsules of ginger rhizome powder and the other group consumed capsules containing wheat flour. 24 hours before and after training, MDA, TAC, SOD, GSH, HbAlc, glucose and insulin and body composition were measured.
Results: 12 weeks of combination exercise caused a significant decrease in glycosylated hemoglobin, insulin resistance, insulin resistance, lipid percentage, and a significant increase in TAC and GSH compared to baseline (P <0.05), while SOD and MDA Did not have any significant effect.
Conclusion: Combined exercise with and without zinc seems to improve antioxidant and some of the body composition indices in type 2 diabetic women.
Sepideh Soltani , Farzaneh Taghian,
Volume 18, Issue 3 (3-2019)
Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of aerobic exercise and supplementation of gensing on homocysteine levels, tiroid hormon and insulin resistant in obese women with hypothyroidism.
Methods: This study is quasi-experimental study. For this purpose, 40 obese women with hypothyroidism with an average age of 34.62 ± 3.55 years, weight 80.47 ± 3.85 kg and BMI of 32.2 ± 2.27 kg / m2, were randomly divided into four groups including aerobic training (10), ginsing (10), aerobic exercise and ginsing (10) and placebo (10) were divided.Aerobic exercise included 8 weeks of aerobic training, 3 sessions per week, 45 to 70 minutes, and 55 to 75% of maximum heart rate. Patients in the ginseng group and aerobic exercise with ginsing consumed each day a Jinsen's capsule containing 250 mg of granule Risomy ginseng powder was taken orally after 8 weeks for 8 weeks, while subjects in the placebo group received flour powdered capsules.Blood samples from the anterior vein were used to measure homocysteine, TSH, T3, T4, glucose and insulin before and after 8 weeks in four groups. For data analysis, dependent t-test and variance analysis were used (P≤0/05).
Results: The results showed that the plasma homocysteine, TSH, glucose concentrate, insulin resistance and insulin resistance were significantly decreased in all three experimental groups while T3 and T4 increased (P <0.05). These indices in the control group were not changed (P <0.05).
Conclusion: Therefore, aerobic exercise, along with supplementation with ginsing, can have an important role in preventing an increase in cardiovascular risk factors and hypothyroidism in obese women with hypothyroidism.
Saeideh Tabibirad, Hosein Abednatanzi, Hojatallah Nikbakht, Farshad Ghazalian, Mandana Gholami,
Volume 18, Issue 5 (7-2019)
Abstract
Background: Obesity increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes with regard to the hormones involved. The purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise on Dpp-4 and GLP-1 in obese women with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: From among obese women with type-2 diabetes mellitus 35-50 years old referred to the Diabetes Association of Saveh, 20 people were voluntarily selected and randomly assigned to two groups of control (10) and Experiment group (10) were divided. Twenty four hours before the beginning of the training, the individual characteristics of the subjects included age, height, weight, body mass index and research variables (insulin resistance, Dpp-4 and GLP-1) in the pre-test and the training group Aerobic exercise lasted for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week, and 45-60 minutes each session, and the control group did not practice. After 8 weeks and 24 hours after the last training session, the individual characteristics and variables of the research were again measured. Data were analyzed by independent t-test and dependent t-test at p≤0.05.
Results: There was a significant increase in the level of GLP-1 (P= 0.001) and a significant decrease in DPP-4 level (P= 0.001) in the aerobic exercise group compared to the control group.
Conclusion: Results showed that Dpp-4 and GLP-1 values were significantly different in aerobic training group after 8 weeks compared to control group. It was also found that aerobic training significantly increased the level of GLP-1 and decreased the level of DPP-4.
Fahimeh Kalhor, Sajad Arshadi, Ardeshir Zafari, Abdolali Banaeifar,
Volume 22, Issue 1 (4-2022)
Abstract
Background: Obesity has been recognized as one of the top 10 health problems by the World Health Organization. The purpose of the present study was to the effect of aerobic training on atrogin, eotaxin and IL-10 indices in obese women.
Method: The present applied research was a quasi-experimental study in which 30 obese women aged 30-45 years were selected by available method from South Tehran Azad University (2016-2017) and randomly divided into two groups of aerobic exercise and control. 24 hours before the start of training, the individual characteristics of the subjects and the research variables (atrogen, eutoxin and IL-10) were measured in blood tissue, then the subjects of the experimental group had their training program for 8 weeks, 3 They performed one session per week and each session lasted 45-60 minutes under the supervision of a researcher. Dependent and independent t-test was used to analyze the data.
Results: Due to the lack of differences in pre-test scores, it was found that the groups were identical. It was also found that 8 weeks of aerobic exercise had a significant effect on the levels of eutoxin, atrogen and interleukin-10 in obese women (p = 0.001)
Conclusion: According to the research results, it is recommended that obese women exercise aerobically. Use to reduce the negative effects of obesity.
Saeid Shamlou Kazemi, Ali Heidarianpour,
Volume 23, Issue 3 (9-2023)
Abstract
Background: During menopause, women are more exposed to the risk factors of many diseases, including metabolic syndrome, and sirtuin-1 may be involved in this disorder. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of circular resistance training and moderate intensity continuous training on metabolic indices and Sirtuin1 serum level in women with metabolic syndrome.
Methods: This study was conducted as a clinical trial in women with metabolic syndrome in two intervention groups (15 people in resistance training group and 15 people in continuous training group) and a control group (15 people). The intervention group underwent an exercise program for eight weeks and three sessions per week, and the control group had their own routine program. After the last training session, serum levels of Sirtein1 and lipid factors were measured. To analyze the data, t-test and covariance were used at a significant level (P≤0.05).
Results: The results of the t-test showed that there was a significant difference in the intra-group changes of the studied variables (SIRT1, HDL, LDL, TG, FBS, Total Cholesterol) in both exercise groups (P≥0.05), but in No significant difference was observed in the control group (P<0.05). The results of the covariance test showed that there is a significant difference between the three groups in the indices (SIRT1, HDL, LDL, TG, FBS, Total Cholesterol) after the test (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Eight weeks of circular resistance training program and continuous training with moderate intensity has a positive effect on metabolic indices and serum level of Sirtuin1 in people with metabolic syndrome.
Sheida Dadashzade, Shahrbanoo Dehrouyeh, Farhad Mashayekh Bakhshi,
Volume 24, Issue 5 (12-2023)
Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of self-compassion training on distress tolerance, anxiety sensitivity and emotional self-control in women with type 2 diabetes.
Method: This research was experimental and semi-experimental using the pre-test-post-test method with a control group. The statistical population of the intended research included all women with type 2 diabetes in 2023 who visited endocrinologists' offices in Sari, who were selected using a targeted method and then randomly divided into two experimental and control groups were placed. Data were collected using Simmons and Gaher's distress tolerance questionnaire, Tanji's emotional self-control anxiety sensitivity. Then, the data were analyzed using multivariate and single-variable covariance methods in SPSS-24 software.
Findings: The results showed that the treatment focused on compassion is effective on distress tolerance, anxiety sensitivity and emotional self-control of women with type 2 diabetes.
Conclusion: In fact, the treatment focused on compassion makes the person distance himself from blaming, condemning and self-criticism, which are all examples of lack of emotional self-control, and instead stabilizes his emotional self-control in the first stage and gradually be strengthened.
Fateme Moshirenia, Moradali Zareipour, Mahdieh Joukar, Faezeh Afkhami Aghda,
Volume 24, Issue 5 (12-2023)
Abstract
Introduction: gestational diabetes is one of the most common diseases during pregnancy, and health literacy of pregnant mothers plays an important role in the prevention and management of the disease. The study aimed to examine and compare the health literacy of pregnant women with gestational and non-diabetic diabetes visiting health centers in the city of Yazd in 1402.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 206 diabetic and non-diabetic pregnant women, the cluster health center sampling method and pregnant mothers were randomized sampling method. The data was collected using a health literacy questionnaire and analyzed using kayscore tests, Independent t-Tests and variance analysis.
Results: the mean health literacy score of non-diabetic pregnant mothers (74/26±13/75) was significantly higher compared to diabetic mothers (47/27±21/06) (p< 0/05). And 67% of diabetic women had insufficient health literacy. The study also found a strong link between health literacy and maternal diabetes. And diabetic mothers showed an inverse relationship between health literacy and the number of pregnancies and offspring, a trend not observed in non-diabetic mothers.
Conclusion: higher health literacy can help promote diabetes prevention behaviors during pregnancy. Pregnant mothers with higher health literacy levels are likely to make the best decisions about their health and that of their fetus. Which is an indication of the importance of proper health awareness and education for pregnant women.
