Showing 6 results for Diabetes Mellitus Type 2
Bagher Larejani, Farzaneh Zahedi,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (7-2001)
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a common disease and its incidence and prevalence are increasing in most populations. The trend is particularly worrying in developing countries. The number of diabetic patients in Iran is estimated at 1.5 million. The distribution of diabetes in Iran has been the subject of several surveys. Disease prevalence rates, for all forms of diabetes, of 7–17% have been variously reported in several adult urban populations. Geographical prevalence is not uniform, however, and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus has been reported at 3-5% in rural communities. A screening program conducted at different locations of Iran revealed that nearly 50% of people with type 2 diabetes were unaware of their condition. Not surprisingly, therefore, that the incidence of complications for diabetes is high in Iran. A battle is being waged on all fronts at present to control the socio-economic scourge that is diabetes mellitus. A national program has been designed for the primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention of diabetes. The major strategies that it puts forwards are screening, the identification of high-risk groups, public education, and the training of specialist care providers. This article reviews the epidemiological features of diabetes in Iran.
Farzaneh Zahedi, Bagher Larijani,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (7-2001)
Abstract
Background: The American Heart Association used the findings of the Framingham Heart Study to design an equation that quantifies the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD).
Methods: The variables in this equation are age, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, cigarette smoking, diabetes mellitus and evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy on electrocardiography. We calculated the CHD risk of 139 patients, with type 2 diabetes mellitus, who attended our diabetes clinic. We also assessed risk factors not taken into account by the Framingham equation, such as obesity (body mass index (BMI) or waist-hip ratio (WHR)), plasma triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). We used the linear regression and one-way ANOVA functions on the SPSS.v6 software to analyze our data.
Results: Ninety-one women and 48 men enrolled in the study. Men had a higher five- and ten-year CHD risk than women. 36.4% of our subjects had plasma HDL-C <35mg/dl. The TC:HDL-C ratio was 6.18±1.76 in men and 5.97±2.21 in women. We found no significant correlation between two- and five-year CHD risk and WHR, BMI or triglyceride levels. There was a significant correlation between two- and five-year CHD risk and DBP (p=0.0006 and p=0.0001) and LDL-C (p=0.005 and p=0.001).
Conclusion: Patients with diabetes mellitus have a higher, but smaller than expected, risk of CHD. The value of the Framingham equation in diabetic patients is equivocal, given the absence of correlation between obesity markers and CHD risk. Larger, prospective, studies are needed to clarify the matter.
Bagher Larijani, Farshad Forouzandeh,
Volume 2, Issue 2 (6-2003)
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is characterized by several adverse consequences among which diabetic foot is a major complication.
With a life long incidence of 15%, diabetic foot is accountable for more than 50% of non-traumatic lower limb amputations. Regular care, proper footwear and early treatment, but, have proved effective measures in preventing such outcome.
The problem and features as infection, ulceration, or gangrene. Neuropathy, poor circulation, and decreased resistance to infection are the three major contributors to the development of diabetic foot which when present, foot deformities or minor trauma can readily lead to ulceration and infection.
Not all diabetic foots are preventable, but appropriate preventive measures can dramatically reduce their occurrence.
Gholam Hossein Ranjbar Omrani, Omid Bazargan Lari, Ali Reza Mehdizadeh, Najaf Zare, Nika Saadat,
Volume 4, Issue 2 (8-2004)
Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus is the most common cause of renal failure, blindness, non- traumatic amputation and neuropathy. Homocysteine, a sulfurated amino acid, has a close correlation with Methionine and Cysteine. The conversion of Methionine to Homocysteine and Cysteine is required coenzymes like vitamin B6, B12 and Folate. The effect of Metformin on serum Homocysteine level by decreasing vitamin B12 level in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus was described previously. Methods: This is a prospective clinical trail study among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Shiraz. 76 patients were divided into two groups (38 patients in each group). First group treated with Metformin 500-2000 mg/day and the second group treated with Glibenclamide 5-20 mg/day with follow up period of at least 6 months. Hb and MCV were used in follow up to detect megaloblastic anemia, indicator of B12 and folate deficiency. Fasting plasma Homocysteine level Hb A1C and blood sugar were measured in baseline and at 3 and 6 months follow up periods.
Results: There was no significant difference between age, sex, weight, height and BMI and baseline serum profile between the two groups. Homocysteine level increased significantly in Metformin group at 3 and 6 months(P=0.003 and 0.001 respectively). Mean plasma homocysteine level after 6 months were 10.98±0.58 μmol/l in Metformin and 10.0± 0.88 μmol/l in Glibenclamide group, with significant difference between the two groups (P=0.001).
Conclusion: Metformin increases the plasma Homocysteine level. Metformin will accumulate highly in gastrointestinal wall and cause malabsorption of vitamin B12, therefore we can conclude that the use of Metformin for 6 months can cause vitamin B12 malabsorption and increase in plasma homocysteine level. Increase in plasma homocysteine level was 7.54% in our study that is higher in comparing to the other studies. It can be explained by longer duration of Metformin therapy in our study. Rising in Homocysteine levels may have detrimental effect on vessels that need further study.
Farzad Najafipour, Mehri A.koukhi, Kazem Ghodousi, Masoumeh Zareizadeh,
Volume 4, Issue 2 (8-2004)
Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus is the most common human metabolic disease. Chronic hyperglycemia and carbohydrate metabolism disorder accompany with plasma lipid and lipoprotein disorder. Cardiovascular disease is one of the macro vascular complications of diabetes type 2 which leads to high morbidity and mortality. Dyslipidemia is one of the major risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in diabetic patients. High TG and low HDL-C levels are the most prevalent type of dyslipidemia. Low levels of HDL-c considered as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases.
Methods: In this study 40 type 2 diabetic patients (13 male - 27 female) were included. Lovastatin and Gemfibrozil were recommended separately for 2 months and HDL-C were measured at the baseline and after taking drugs. In all patients BS, TG and TC at the baseline before and after these drugs were normal and so were not any change in their diet. Laboratorial findings gathered and analyzed. The relationship between increase level of HDL and decrease of TC with taking Lovastatin and Gemfibrozil were studied.
Results: The averages of TC and HDL-C before taking drug as linear were 36.5mg/dl and 174.56 mg/dl and after taking Lovastatin as linear were 43.3 mg/dl and 150.44 mg/dl. The average of TC and HDL-C after taking Gemfibrozil were 43.33mg/dl and 146.36mg/dl. 18.54 % increase in HDL-C and 13.82% decrease in TC were seen with Lovastatin and 18.54% increase in HDL-C and 16.05% decrease in TC were found with Gemfibrozil.
Conclusion: In this study no difference was observed between the effect of Lovastatin and Gemfibrozil in increase of HDL-C (P=0.449). Also there was no difference between the effect of Lovastatin and Gemfibrozil in decrease of TC (P=0.992). The increase of HDL-C after taking Lovastatin had relation with sex and HDL-C increased in females (P=0.006) Also the increase of HDL-C after taking Gemfibrozil had relation with sex and females had more affected (P=0.035).
Zahra Jafari, Neda Mehrdad, Farshad Sharifi, Hamid Haghani, Soghra Nikpour,
Volume 15, Issue 4 (5-2016)
Abstract
Background: Prevalence of diabetes increases along with aging. Due to various reasons, rate of falling in the aged suffering from diabetes is higher. Therefore, this study aims at determining factors relating falling of the aged suffering from type 2 diabetes.
Methods: A total of 60 years old or older with type 2 diabetes that referred to selected hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences using continues method. Cases that had experienced falling during last year and controls that had no such experience were assigned to two separate groups. Questionnaire used in this study included demographic data and factors relating falling. Data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t- test, Chi square and logistic regression.
Results: Results showed that postural blood pressure (p=0.02) dizziness (p=0.05), fecal incontinency (p<0.01), auditory disorder (p<0.01), visual disorder (p<0.01), pain in the lower extremity (p= 0.027), taking anti-coagulation medicine (p=0.017) had a significant correlation with falling.
Conclusion: Multivariate logistic regression illustrated that fecal incontinency and auditory disorder happened along with falling in the aged suffering from type 2 diabetes. Therefore, preventing falling must be considered in care plan for such groups of people.
