Iranian Journal of

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Diabetes mellitus is a common disease and its incidence and prevalence are increasing in most populations. The trend is particularly worrying in developing countries. The number of diabetic patients in Iran is estimated at 1.5 million. The distribution of diabetes in Iran has been the subject of several surveys. Disease prevalence rates, for all forms of diabetes, of 7–17% have been variously reported in several adult urban populations. Geographical prevalence is not uniform, however, and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus has been reported at 3-5% in rural communities. A screening program conducted at different locations of Iran revealed that nearly 50% of people with type 2 diabetes were unaware of their condition. Not surprisingly, therefore, that the incidence of complications for diabetes is high in Iran. A battle is being waged on all fronts at present to control the socio-economic scourge that is diabetes mellitus. A national program has been designed for the primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention of diabetes. The major strategies that it puts forwards are screening, the identification of high-risk groups, public education, and the training of specialist care providers. This article reviews the epidemiological features of diabetes in Iran.

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Background: Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death in many nations. .Hyperlipidemia with elevated serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglyceride are known as cardiovascular risk factors. HDL cholesterol is considered to be a protective factor. Any effort for management of dyslipidemia directly reduces cardiovascular mortality and morbidity and cause increasing public health .The ignorance of the extent and impact of hyperlipidemia prompted us to determine the prevalence of hyperlipidemia in Rafsanjan urban population over than 20 years old.
Methods: In this study 247 men and 244 women were evaluated for serum total cholesterol , LDL cholesterol , HDLcholesterol and triglyceride levels.Blood samples were obtained at morning, after 14 hours fasting and for data analysis SPSS-11 soft ware was used. Results: Mean age of subjects was 38.35±13.14 years.High cholesterol level was present in 20.6%, LDL levels were high in 10.8% , 5.7% had elevated level of triglyceride and 8.4% of participants had low HDL cholesterol. Total cholesterol , LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly increased by age and HDL levels were also decreased by age.
Conclusion:According to our finding about 29% of studied population had at least one lipid abnormality and this important finding showed very high prevalence of dyslipidemia and requires specific attention and planning.

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Background: Diabetes type 2 is one of the most prevalent reasons of Hyperglycemia. Different areas experience varying degrees of epidemic intensity. Diabetes is one of the most important causes of death and disability in most countries and imposes heavy financial burdens on people and governments. Although much research has been conducted on its prevention and treatment. It has been recognized as a hereditary disease, the genes causing it or its mode of inheritance are not yet known. Because of the significant role they play in metabolism of glucose, several genes have suggested, but the main cause of the disease has not yet been identified. Our objective is to investigate the epidemic aspects of the hereditary diabetes in people aged 20 years and over.
Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on 14687 subjects, in the urban setting of east Tehran between 1379 and 1380. Of 407 families, 180 agreed to and completed related questionnaires and underwent the necessary tests 180 diabetic families, with at least one member suffering from diabetes type 2, were studied closely in order to clarify the degree of spread and family background. Analysis was performed using Chi Square and t-test.
Results: Of 1612 subjects, 497 had diabetes, including 802 women and 792 men (p<0. 001). Most of the diabetics (approx. 79%) were between the ages of 41-70 years old with the highest (55.3%) and lowest (6.2%) rates in the age groups of 51-60 and 20-30 years respectively. Diabetes was more prevalent among siblings with 53% in comparison to the prevalence among offsprings-44%. The prevalence of Diabetes type 2 in first-degree relatives was more frequent between sister and brother (52.7%), followed by that between father and daughter (36%). Conclusion: It is recommended that the related authorities implement strategies, including screening of families, with a view to identify those at risk and reduce related complications.

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Background: The clustering of cardiovascular risk factors , known as the metabolic syndrome , greatly increases the risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease .individuals with the metabolic syndrome are also at increased risk for premature death from cardiovascular disease or all–cause mortality . Although is a particular importance, its epidemiology in Iran has not been studied systematically. Aim of this review of published data was to describe epidemiology of metabolic syndrome in Iran.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, sid, magiran, iranmedex, and irandoc databases through 2014, and examined the reference lists of pertinent articles, limited to studies in humans.

Results: Total 45 studies were eligible (25 English and 20 Farsi). The findings show the high prevalence of metabolic syndrome in both sexes according to three criteria. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was more in women than men. We found that differences in screening programs and diagnostic criteria or various ethnic groups make it difficult to compare frequencies of metabolic syndrome among various populations. Nevertheless, factors that increase risk of metabolic syndrome were age, sex, body mass index, low HDL and high triglyceride.

Conclusion: High prevalence of metabolic syndrome and relevant risk factors suggest the identification of the risk factors should be attempted to prevent syndrome acquisition.