Showing 14 results for Fasting
Shahin Yarahmadi, Bagher Larijani, Mohammad-Hassan Bastan Hagh, Mohammad Pajouhi, Farzaneh Zahedi, Reza Baradar-Jalili, Mohammad Reza Amini, Kazem Zendehdel,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (7-2001)
Abstract
Background: Studies of the metabolic effects of Ramadan fasting on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are inconclusive.
Methods: Fifty-seven volunteers with type 2 diabetes underwent anthropometric and biochemical evaluation before and on the 14th and 28th days of Ramadan. Biochemical markers were measured by standard laboratory methods. Anthropometric measurements followed WHO criteria. Statistical analysis was by ANOVA for repeated measurements and Friedman’s two-way ANOVA, using SPSSv6 software.
Results: Daily cholesterol intake increased in all subjects (p<0.03). Body mass index increased (p<0.03) in women, but body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio both decreased (p<0.01) in men. Blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and serum fructosamine did not change during the study. Plasma insulin (p<0.05), C-peptide (p<0.01) and insulin resistance (p<0.01) decreased only in men. Total and LDL cholesterol increased significantly in all subjects during the study.
Conclusion: Ramadan fasting does not alter carbohydrate metabolism or tissue insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes patients, given appropriate dietary education and rescheduling of oral hypoglycaemic medication. Lipid profile is unfavourably altered due to changes in both diet and biochemical response to starvation. Anthropometric indices improve in men but not women, possibly because of reduced physical activity in the latter.
Bagher Larijani, Mojgan Sangaei, Farzaneh Zahedi, Reza Baradar-Jalili, Mohammad Reza Amini, Iman Rahimi,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (7-2002)
Abstract
Introduction: There is as yet no consensus as to the effect of Ramadan fasting on fasting blood glucose. We carried out a study to help clarify the situation.
Methods: This was a semi-experimental (pre- and post-) study of 115 healthy volunteers (67 men and 48 women), who fasted for at least 25 days during Ramadan. Blood samples were taken 7 days before Ramadan (at 7am after a 8-hour overnight fast), and on the 14th and 28th days of Ramadan (1 hour before sundown). The mean duration of daily fasting was 11.5±0.5 hours. Plasma glucose was measured by an enzymatic assay. Statistical analysis was by the paired-t and ANOVA functions on SPSS10.0 software.
Results: Fasting plasma glucose in the group as a whole decreased from 88.4±9.0mg/dl pre-Ramadan to 75.4±15.3mg/dl on day 14 and 62.9±7.7mg/dl on day 28 (p<0.001). Both men [87.5±8.8mgdl (pre-Ramadan) 60.8±6.4mg/dl (day 28)] and women [89.7±9.3mgdl (pre-Ramadan) 65.7±8.4mg/dl (day 28)] experienced a significant decrease in fasting plasma glucose levels (p<0.001 in both). There was a reduction in calorie intake during Ramadan in every volunteer (p<0.001), and there was a direct correlation between reduction in calorie intake and fasting plasma glucose (p<0.01).
Conclusion: Fasting plasma glucose decreases with Ramadan fasting and is associated with a reduction in calorie intake. The decrease in plasma glucose does not seem to be accompanied by any serious adverse effects in healthy volunteers, however.
Padideh Ghaeli, Mohammad Zaman Kamkar, Mojdeh Mesbahi, Simin Dashti Khoydaki, Esmaeil Shahsavand, Majid Sadeghi,
Volume 3, Issue 2 (6-2004)
Abstract
Background: Diabetic Neuropathy is the most common and troublesome complication of Diabetes Mellitus, leading to the greatest morbidity and mortality and resulting in a huge economic burden for diabetes care. Early diagnosis of distal symmetric sensorimotor polyneuropathy, a common complication of diabetes, may decrease morbidity by allowing potential therapeutic interventions.
Methods: In 68 diabetic patients after neuropathy screening by U.K and Michigan scores, Bilateral sural nerve conduction parameters as nerve conduction velocity, latency and amplitude were determined and analysed.
Results: 54.4% of patients had Rt sural abnormal response, 50% had abnormality in left side and 39.7% had bilateral abnormality. There was significant statistical correlation between Michigan physical score and electrophysiologic finding (P-value < 0.003) but no correlation with U.K score (P-value > 0.3). The most prevalent abnormal electrophysiologic finding was amplitude decrement of sural response.
Conclusion: Sural nerve response is one of the simplest and most sensitive peripheral sensory nerves for electrophysiologic study of diabetic neuropathy and its evaluation is recommended in all diabetic patients in spite of normal physical examination and history for detection of subclinical neuropathic cases. For increment of sensitivity, amplitude measurement of sensory response is highly recommended.
Farzad Najafipour, Masoumeh Zareizadeh,
Volume 4, Issue 1 (7-2004)
Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes is a hereditary disease but the inheritance and responsible genes have not been clearly clarified yet.
According to the most studies, diabetes is one of the most common causes of mortality and morbidity in populations. Diabetes occurs in 30% of first degree family members of diabetic patients, But most people are not aware of their disease.
Methods: We studied first degree relatives of type 2 diabetes and screened them for diabetes, IFG and IGT.174 families(1556 people) of Tabriz residents were studied, among them 1232 persons grater than 30 years were alive and FBS and OGTT were done in this group .
Results: According to this study, 1232 persons were alive and 324 persons had died and DM was found in 343 (27.9%) and 82 (25.3%) of them respectively. We found 179 (14.5%) persons with IFG and 89 (7.2%) with IGT.The percent of diabetes in offspring and siblings were 32.9% and 22.1% respectively. The majority of patients had 41 – 50 years old. Risk of diabetes among offspring who had diabetes in both parents was more than the ones who had diabetic father or mother. In this study, women with diabetes were more than men (32.4% vs. 22.2% respectively). The prevalence of Diabetes type 2 in first-degree relatives was more frequent between sister and brother (41.95%), followed by that between father and son (10.9%).
Conclusion: Prevalence of diabetes in most populations is 8 – 10 %. If diabetes occurs in someone, risk of development of diabetes will increase to 30% in their family members. Therefore, screening must be done in all family members of diabetic patients to recognize the problem and to prevent from diabetes complication.
Zahra Kashi, Shiva Borzouei, Ozra Akhi, Narges Moslemi Zadeh, Hamidreza Zakeri, Reza Mohammadpour Tahmtan, Rafat Bonafti, Leila Shahbazadeh,
Volume 6, Issue 1 (8-2006)
Abstract
Background: Detecting mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is not only important in prevention of prenatal morbidities but also has significant effect on neonatal and maternal long term outcomes. Today, there are screening tests for GDM but they are time-consuming and expensive, therefore it seems necessary to perform testes that are uses expensive but with higher sensitivity and specificity. The aim of this study was to determine a cut - off point of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) for screening of GDM.
Methods: 200 pregnant women referring to the perinatal clinic of Imam Khomeini hospital, (Sari – Iran) were studied. All cases with age ≥25 years old, history of recurrent abortion, GDM, preeclampsia, macrosomia, still birth, diabetes mellitus(DM) in first degree family or pre gestational body mass index ≥25kg/m2 were selected. Those with pre gestational diabetes mellitus were excluded. All of participants underwent a 50 g glucose challenge test (GCT) between the 24th and 28th gestational week. If 1- hour plasma glucose was more than 130 mg/dl, a 3- hour 100g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed. The diagnosis of GDM was made by ADA 2006 recommendation (Carpenter and Coustan diagnostic criteria). Referring to the Receiver Operative Characteristic Curve, level of FPG having highest sensitivity and specificity in diagnosis of GDM was determined.
Results: From 200 participants, 65 women had positive GCT, of them 58 (response rate 89%) referred for 100g OGTT and 20(10%) were diagnosed GDM. Using ROC curve and under curve area of 0.853 the FBG level of 91.5 mg/dl, showed the highest sensitivity and specificity, 80% and 92% respectively in diagnosis of GDM.
Conclusion: FBG ≥ 91.5 mg/dl has good sensitivity and specificity in screening of GDM. Since this is simpler and cheaper than 50g GCT, is recommended as a screening method in diagnosis of GDM.
Farzad Hadaegh, Hadi Harati, Asghar Ghasemi, Maryam Tohidi, Azadeh Zabetian, Mojgan Padyab, Fereidoun Azizi,
Volume 6, Issue 1 (8-2006)
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to determine the level of agreement between the impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and abnormal glucose tolerance before and after application of the new IFG definition and to evaluate the impact of adding common clinical data on this agreement.
Methods: A cross sectional population based study was carried out in an Iranian urban population which enrolled 8766 men and women over 20 years. Fasting and 2-hour plasma glucose were measured in all subjects excluding those with previously diagnosed diabetes and fasting plasma glucose ≥126 mg/dl. The diagnostic parameters and kappa coefficient between the previous and revised definitions of IFG for detecting impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and dysglycemia (IGT and diabetes) were calculated. Logistic regression and ROC curve analysis were used to determine the independent clinical risk factors and their optimal cut-points associated with IGT and dysglycemia.
Results: After using the new criteria, sensitivity of IFG for detecting IGT or dysglycemia increased but specificity and positive likelihood ratio (LR+) decreased and the κ slightly improved (0.16 to 0.29 for IGT and 0.24 to 0.35 for dysglycemia). Adding the clinical data to the revised criteria considerably improved the agreement between IFG with IGT and dysglycemia (κ increased from 0.286 to 0.470 for IGT and from 0.354 to 0.574 for dysglycemia). This also increased the LR+ from 3.86 to 14.5 and from 4.46 to 17.4 respectively for detecting IGT or dysglycemia.
Conclusion: The new IFG definition in combination with common clinical risk factors most likely predicts IGT and dysglycemia.
Javad Heidari, Bagher Larijani,
Volume 6, Issue 4 (6-2007)
Abstract
It is estimated that there are 1.1-1.5 billion Muslims worldwide, and prevalence of diabetes is approximately 4.6%. Many patients with diabetes insist on fasting during Ramadan, thereby creates a medical challenge for themselves and their physicians. These patients are susceptible to diabetic complications such as hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. It is therefore important that medical professionals be aware of potential risks that may be associated with fasting during Ramadan. Patients who insist on Ramadan fasting be assessed before Ramadan and receive appropriate education and instructions related to physical activity, meal planning, glucose monitoring, and dosage and timing of medications. In this article, management of diabetes in Ramadan is discussed.
Majid Karandish, Fateme Mofidi, Mohamad Taha Jalali, Anahita Mansouri,
Volume 13, Issue 3 (3-2014)
Abstract
Background: Alternate Day Fasting (ADF) is one of dietary regimens in which food is available only
every other day. Available limited evidence shows that this regimen may result in beneficial effects
similar to classic caloric restriction, including weight loss and other associated useful effects of weight
loss.
Methods: Twelve week-old Wistar rats were obtained from animal house of Jundi Shapur University
and fed a standard diet. Food was provided ad-libittum (AL) until 13 week of age. At that time rats
were assigned to one of two groups: AL fed ad libitum or ADF, provided access to food every other
day. Body weight was measured each week on the same day and time. Food intake was measured
daily. Fasting blood glucose levels were measured before and after the intervention. Statistical tests
performed as two-tailed and P value of less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significance level.
Results: At the end of the intervention period body weight and food intakes of the (ADF) group were
significantly lower than AL group (p<0.05) but there were not significant changes in fasting blood
glucose levels.
Conclusion: According to findings of this experimental study, ADF regimen could be used as an
individualized eating strategy for weight loss but it could not have beneficial effects on fasting blood
glucose levels.
Mahdieh Akhoundan, Zhaleh Shadman, Nooshin Poorsoltan, Mozhdeh Soleymanzadeh, Mohsen Khoshniat Nikoo, Bagher Larijani,
Volume 13, Issue 4 (5-2014)
Abstract
Background: Fasting in diabetic patients is accompanied by various changes in metabolism, lifestyle and medication. Evaluation of diabetic patients’ knowledge in the field of fasting conditions, the fasting-induced changes, complications, and ways to deal with them, is the first step towards efficient and effective diabetes self-management training in Ramadan fasting. The purpose of this study was to design a valid and reliable questionnaire on fasting knowledge of diabetic patients and evaluate the knowledge and determinant factors in diabetic patients.
Methods: In this study a questionnaire on diabetic patient’s awareness was designed in 5 sections: 1- fasting conditions in patients with diabetes (fasting status of diabetic patients), 2- drug use, 3- controlling of blood glucose, 4- physical activity and 5- diabetic diet in Ramadan. Validity and reliability (Cronbach's alpha coefficient=0.79) of the questionnaire was confirmed. In a cross-sectional study, the fasting knowledge of 200 diabetic patients of Diabetes and Metabolic disorders clinic were examined, before Ramadan 2012. The association between the knowledge and patients’ age, sex, weight, diabetes duration, educational levels, Ramadan fasting group education, fasting blood sugar, HbA1c and type of diabetes were evaluated.
Results: The mean of total correct answers were 46% with the highest scores in dietary information (62.5%) and lowest in physical activity (18%) and drug use (23%). Significant positive association was found between total and each part scores with patients’ educational level. Also group of participating in the Ramadan fasting education study and group of non- participating, showed significant difference in response to questions.
Conclusion: Findings of this study revealed (indicated) poor fasting knowledge in diabetic patients. Educational programs before Ramadan can increase awareness and could improve self-management of diabetic patients during Ramadan fasting and decrease complications.
Zeynab Nezamdoust , Marziyeh Saghebjoo, Afson Barzgar,
Volume 14, Issue 2 (1-2015)
Abstract
Background: This study was conducted to determine the effect of 12 weeks of aerobic training on serum levels of vaspin and glucose homeostasis variables in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 20 women with type П diabetes (mean±SD: age 43.30 ±3.02 yr, body mass index 27.089±3.23 kg/m2 and body fat 29.46 ±2.71%) were randomized into experimental (n = 10) and control (n = 10) groups. Experimental group performed twelve weeks aerobic training (3 times per week at an intensity of 75-85 % of maximum heart rate reserve). Blood samples were collected 24h before and 48h after the training. Data was analyzed by paired and independent samples t-test (P <0.05). Results: Results showed a significant decrease in serum levels of vaspin, fasting blood sugar and insulin resistance index (P value 0.001, 0.01 and 0.007 respectively) ) in experimental group and body weight, body mass index, percent body fat and waist to hip ratio significantly decreased in experimental group (P value 0.002, 0.01, 0.04 and 0.03 respectively). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that aerobic training along with decrease in body weight and percent body fat leads to significant decrease in serum levels of vaspin, fasting glucose and insulin resistance index, so can be considered as a complementary therapy method in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Melika Beihaghi, Hamideh Ghodrati Azadi, Zhila Taherzadeh, Hamid Reza Bahrami,
Volume 16, Issue 3 (3-2017)
Abstract
Background: In recent years, dietary supplements play an important role in maintaining a healthy diet in most chronic diseases such as diabetes. Spirulina platensis as a food supplement has been raised and regulator effects on cholesterol and antioxidant and immune regulating effects of this supplement are also considered. It contains vitamin B, beta-carotene, vitamin E, high value proteins, minerals, gamma linolenic acid and antioxidants.
Methods: In this study 50 patients with type II diabetes were randomly selected and after taking patient's history they were divided into two equal groups including control. 8 grams of spirulina that was prepared in tablet (each 1 gram) form was administered daily to patient group for three months. Fasting blood sugar levels monthly and hemoglobin A1C levels at the beginning and end of the projects were measured in both groups and their results were compared with each other.
Results: Fasting plasma glucose in patient group after 3 months of treatment with spirulina powder gave a significant reduction from the 158.1± 44.2 mg/dl at the beginning of study to 127.8 ± 36.7 mg/dl but was not significant in the control group. Glycosylated hemoglobin in the both groups decreased but this decrease was not statistically significant.
Conclusion: Spirulina platensis as a supplement can be administered in type II diabetic patients that used oral anti-diabetic drugs. It is effective in reducing fasting blood glucose in the short term but its effect on hemoglobin A1C need to prescribe longer.
Mahtab Aligholipour, Hossein Feizollahzadeh, Mozaffar Ghaffari, Faranak Jabbarzadeh,
Volume 18, Issue 2 (2-2019)
Abstract
Background: Patients with diabetes need to be educated efficiently and effectively in order to increase their quality of life. According to modern technological developments, multimedia message-based education is considered as one of the effective educational strategies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of multimedia-based education in the Telegram application and in-person method on fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes.
Methods: In this clinical trial study, a sample of 66 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes who referred to the emergency department and the clinic of Sina hospital in Tabriz, were randomly assigned in double blocks into two groups: in-person education and multimedia-based education. Data gathering tools included a demographic form, glycosylated hemoglobin and fasting blood glucose were measured before and three months after the educational intervention. Data were analyzed with independent and paired samples t-tests.
Results: The results indicated that there were no significant differences in the mean values of glycosylated hemoglobin and fasting blood glucose between two groups before and after education(P >0.05). In within-group comparison, there was a statistically significant difference in the multimedia message group on the reduction of mean values of glycosylated hemoglobin (p= 0.02) but these values differences were not significant in in-person group (p= 0.33).
Conclusion: Multimedia-based education in the Telegram application compared to in-person education improves self-care and reduces the mean values of glycosylated hemoglobin in diabetic patients. This educational context can be used to facilitate the self-care education process to patients.
Raziyeh Gharib, Ali Khatibi,
Volume 21, Issue 5 (1-2022)
Abstract
Background: Glycation is the non-enzymatic reaction between the carbonyl groups in sugar and free amino groups in proteins. this reaction leads to changes in structure and functions of proteins. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is the final stage in this process, which is highly oxidizing and destructive nature, causing many diabetic complications.
Methods: In the present investigation, the effect of fasting upon the glycation process of human Carbonic anhydrase II under physiological conditions (37 °C and pH 7.4) was studied recruiting various techniques including Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and CD Spectroscopy. To address this question, different samples of control carbonic anhydrase (without glucose and 3-beta-hydroxybutyrate), carbonic anhydrase with glucose, carbonic anhydrase in the presence of only 3-beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and carbonic anhydrase along with glucose and 3-beta-hydroxybutyrate were incubated for 35 days under physiological conditions.
Results: The results indicate that 3-beta-hydroxybutyrate, which is greatly increased in the body during fasting, functions as an inhibitor of the glycation process and decreases the impacts of glucose binding to the protein and prevents the formation of AGEs and preserve enzyme activity.
Conclusion: Fasting can play an important role in maintaining the health of the body and eliminating the complications of the disease, with a significant increase in the production of 3-beta-hydroxybutyrate as an inhibitor of the glycation process.
Alireza Bagheri, Dr Mehdy Morady, Dr Mohammad Malekipooya, Dr Bahram Abedi,
Volume 24, Issue 5 (12-2023)
Abstract
Background: Obesity is a disease whose incidence and burden on societies around the world is increasing. Sexual performance in these patients is an important aspect that is often ignored. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of a period of exercise along with electrical stimulation on the gene expression of some sex markers in testicular tissue of fasted obese rats.
Methods: In this experimental study, with a control group of 40 male rats after induction of obesity and weight gain, randomly divided into 5 groups: control, fasting-obese, fasting-endurance exercise, fasting-electrical stimulation and Fasting-endurance training-electrical stimulation were divided. Intervention groups for a period of 4 weeks under endurance sports activity (with a speed of 10 to 20 m/min and duration of 20 to 40 minutes), electrical stimulation (foot shock device for 0.5 mA and 20 minutes) and fasting were placed. After exercise and anesthesia, brain tissue was done and after molecular processes, gene expression was measured using Real time-PCR machine.
Results: The results showed that training led to a significant increase in the expression of 5-alpha reductase and aromatase genes in samples compared to the fasted obese group (P=0.0001). Also, electrical stimulation and its combination with endurance training showed a significant increase in the 5-alpha reductase gene (P=0.0001).
Conclusion: It seems that endurance training and combined electrical stimulation of both during fasting by increasing the expression of 5-alpha reductase and aromatase genes in obese samples are effective in their sexual health and lead to its improvement.
