Showing 3 results for Pregnancy
Arash Hossein-Nezhad, Bagher Larijani,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (7-2002)
Abstract
Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as carbohydrate intolerance occurring or detected for the first time during pregnancy. Hypertension occurring as a result of pregnancy is called pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), which is itself divided into two groups: gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia. The aim of this study is to compare the incidence of hypertensive disorders in patients with GDM and controls.
Methods: This is a case-control study of 2416 pregnant women attending 5 antenatal clinics attached to Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The universal two-step screening approach was used: first, all women underwent a 50-gram 1-hour glucose challenge test second, all women with a 1-hour blood glucose concentration higher than 130mg/dl underwent a 100-gram, 3 hour oral glucose tolerance test. Carpenter and Coustan’s criteria were used to diagnose GDM. 220 women with a normal glucose challenge test were chosen as controls. GDM cases and controls were matched for age, body mass index, parity, and gestational age.
Results: 114 women overall were diagnosed with GDM. Mean age, BMI, and parity in GDM and control groups were 29.09±6.13 and 28.64±6.00 years, 27.43±4.33 and 26.64±1.8 kg/m2, and 1.79 and 1.52 births, respectively. Women with GDM had a higher prevalence of essential hypertension, PIH, and pre-eclampsia than matched controls.
Conclusion: Our results show that hypertensive disorders are more common in women with GDM than in normoglycaemic controls of similar age, parity and BMI.
Fariba Karimi, Iraj Nabipoor, Mojtaba Jaafari, Farkhondeh Gholazmzadehi,
Volume 2, Issue 1 (5-2003)
Abstract
Background: The American Diabetes Association in 1997 switched its recommendations regarding the screening of pregnant women from universal to risk factor-based screening. The ADA specifically recommended that screening is not cost-beneficial in women under the age of 25, with a normal weight and negative family history of diabetes.
Methods: 910 pregnant women attending the diabetes clinic at Bushehr University of Medical Sciences were screening for gestational diabetes using a 50-gram glucose challenge test. All the women were 24-28 weeks pregnant at the time of testing. Women with a post-load blood glucose of ≥140mg/dl were referred for a 3-hour oral glucose tolerance test. The presence of ADA risk factors was recorded, as was the absence of all three risk factors, and compared with the results of 50-gram GCT. We evaluated the predictive value of different combinations of risk factors relative to the results of screening.
Results: 66 women (6.9%) had a positive screening test, with 16 (1.75%) eventually diagnosed with GDM based on OGTT results. GCT was negative in 616 (95.3%) women, who had at least one of the three risk factors – age >25 years, BMI ≥27kg/m2, or a positive family history of diabetes – and in 231 (27.3%) women who had none of these risk factors [odds ratio = 70.3, 95%-CI = 2.23-22.21 p<0.0001].
Conclusion: Selective screening of pregnant women will detect most cases of gestational diabetes where resources to implement universal screening are limited. The most important factors in selecting screening candidates are age, body mass index, and family history of diabetes mellitus.
Seyedeh Neda Mousavi, Sara Gharacheh, Mir Saeed Seyed Dorraji, Elham Hosseini, Fariba Koohdani,
Volume 23, Issue 1 (5-2023)
Abstract
Background: Animal studies have shown maternal low/ high-calorie diet during pregnancy can alter metabolism of offspring through change in Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) expression, as a metabolic sensor. However, there is no study on the effects of isocalorie diet. Herein, effects of two isocalorie diets with different amounts of fat were assessed on SIRT1 gene and protein level in the liver of male and female offspring.
Methods: The control group received AIN93G diet. In this diet, 16% and 64% of total calorie were prepared from fat and carbohydrate, respectively. The intervention group received high fat AIN93G diet contained 48% and 32% of calorie from fat and carbohydrate, respectively. In both diets, fat was prepared from soy oil. Diets were isocaloric and 20% of total calorie was provided from protein. Mothers categorized to one of these diets and offspring received the control diet after weaning (3 weeks after the birth).
Results: SIRT1 gene and protein levels were lower in male and female offspring born from mothers received high-fat diet than the controls (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Change in maternal dietary fat, without increase in calorie, effects on gene and protein levels of SIRT-1 in the liver of next generation.
