Volume 15, Issue 1 (4-2022)
ijhe 2022, 15(1): 153-168 |
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Javedan G, Ghaffari H R, Heidarinejad Z, Zeraei N, Hoseinvandtabar S, Pourramezani F et al . Concentration of potentially toxic elements in black tea imported to Iran: a potential risk assessment study. ijhe 2022; 15 (1) :153-168
URL: http://ijhe.tums.ac.ir/article-1-6640-en.html
URL: http://ijhe.tums.ac.ir/article-1-6640-en.html
Gholamali Javedan1 
, Hamid Reza Ghaffari2 , Zoha Heidarinejad * 3, Nahid Zeraei2 , Somayeh Hoseinvandtabar4 , Fateme Pourramezani2 , Mehrdad Ahmadi2
, Hamid Reza Ghaffari2 , Zoha Heidarinejad * 3, Nahid Zeraei2 , Somayeh Hoseinvandtabar4 , Fateme Pourramezani2 , Mehrdad Ahmadi2
1- Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran AND Department of Social Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
2- Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
3- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,z.heidarinejad70@gmail.com
4- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2- Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
3- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,
4- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Abstract: (1346 Views)
Background and Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the concentration of potentially toxic elements (arsenic, lead, copper, cadmium and mercury) in black tea imported to southern Iran and to assess the risk of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic exposure to consumers.
Materials and Methods: For this purpose, 94 samples of black tea from 15 brands imported from India in 2021 were selected. Heavy metals concentrations were measured using an atomic absorption spectrometer (GBC model SAVANTAA). After determining the concentration of heavy metals in black tea samples, health risk assessment was determined using Montocarlo simulation technique.
Results: According to the results, the average concentrations of heavy metals namely arsenic, lead, copper, cadmium and mercury were 0.03±0.02, 0.02±0.16, 15.67±7.69, 0.02±0.01 and 0.006±0.005 mg/kg, respectively. The hazard quotient (HQ) of the heavy metals arsenic, lead, copper, cadmium and mercury were 1.07×10-2, 6.37×10-3, 3.45×10-5, 2.05×10-2 and 7.19×10-4, respectively.
Conclusion: Therefore, according to the findings, it can be concluded that the concentrations of potentially toxic elements (arsenic, lead, copper, mercury and cadmium) in black tea were consistent with the standard level of Iran and World Health Organization. Additionally, the average carcinogenic risk index for arsenic metal was 4.49×10-6, which is much lower than the acceptable level of carcinogenic risk (10-6). Therefore, the concentrations of five potentially toxic elements in the studied black tea did not show any significant risk for consumers.
Materials and Methods: For this purpose, 94 samples of black tea from 15 brands imported from India in 2021 were selected. Heavy metals concentrations were measured using an atomic absorption spectrometer (GBC model SAVANTAA). After determining the concentration of heavy metals in black tea samples, health risk assessment was determined using Montocarlo simulation technique.
Results: According to the results, the average concentrations of heavy metals namely arsenic, lead, copper, cadmium and mercury were 0.03±0.02, 0.02±0.16, 15.67±7.69, 0.02±0.01 and 0.006±0.005 mg/kg, respectively. The hazard quotient (HQ) of the heavy metals arsenic, lead, copper, cadmium and mercury were 1.07×10-2, 6.37×10-3, 3.45×10-5, 2.05×10-2 and 7.19×10-4, respectively.
Conclusion: Therefore, according to the findings, it can be concluded that the concentrations of potentially toxic elements (arsenic, lead, copper, mercury and cadmium) in black tea were consistent with the standard level of Iran and World Health Organization. Additionally, the average carcinogenic risk index for arsenic metal was 4.49×10-6, which is much lower than the acceptable level of carcinogenic risk (10-6). Therefore, the concentrations of five potentially toxic elements in the studied black tea did not show any significant risk for consumers.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
General
Received: 2022/02/26 | Accepted: 2022/05/11 | Published: 2022/06/18
Received: 2022/02/26 | Accepted: 2022/05/11 | Published: 2022/06/18
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