Volume 17, Issue 3 (12-2024)
ijhe 2024, 17(3): 417-440 |
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Kadhim Noor J, Chamani A, Najm Abdallh Al-Mosawy A, Kargari N. Evaluation of risk and pollution load of heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Mn, and Mo) in surface soil of Al-Qasim city, Babylon governate, Iraq. ijhe 2024; 17 (3) :417-440
URL: http://ijhe.tums.ac.ir/article-1-6963-en.html
URL: http://ijhe.tums.ac.ir/article-1-6963-en.html
1- Environmental Science and Engineering Department, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
2- Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Waste and Wastewater Research Center, Isfahan (Khorasan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran ,atefehchamani@yahoo.com
3- Environmental Science Department, College of Agriculture, University of Karbala, Karbala, Iraq
4- Environmental Science Department, College of Agriculture, Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Takestan, Iran
2- Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Waste and Wastewater Research Center, Isfahan (Khorasan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran ,
3- Environmental Science Department, College of Agriculture, University of Karbala, Karbala, Iraq
4- Environmental Science Department, College of Agriculture, Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Takestan, Iran
Abstract: (75 Views)
Background and Objective: The pollution of trace elements in urban soil has attracted wide attention due to its detrimental environmental and health effects. Therefore, this research was conducted to evaluate of the content, pollution levels, and health risks associated with trace elements (Fe, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Mn, and Mo) in the surface soil of Al-Qasim City in Babylon Governate in 2024.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study involved, a total of 50 surface soil samples from a depth of 0-20 cm. The elemental content of the samples was determined using inductively coupled plasma optical spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Additionally,, the enrichment factor (EF), pollution index (PI), pollution load index (PLI), hazard index (HI), and carcinogenic risk (CR) were calculated. Statistical data analyses were done using SPSS software.
Results: The average concentrations of Fe, Zn, Cd, Cu, Mn, and Mo in the soil were 27240, 62.7, 0.302, 33.8, 570 and 0.999 mg/kg, respectively. The highest average concentrations of Fe (30,331 mg/kg), Cu (37.3 mg/kg), Mn (639 mg/kg), and Mo (1.08 mg/kg) were found in downtown areasm whilefor the highest concentrations of Zn (65.3 mg/kg) and Cd (0.332 mg/kg) were observed in rural and midtown areas.
Conclusion: The results of this research demonstrate the impact of urban activities—such astraffic, industry, and agriculture—on the trace element pollution in the soil of Al-Qasim City. Therefore, regular monitoring of trace element concentrations and identification of their pollution sources are recommended to reduce and manage associated environmental and health risks.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study involved, a total of 50 surface soil samples from a depth of 0-20 cm. The elemental content of the samples was determined using inductively coupled plasma optical spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Additionally,, the enrichment factor (EF), pollution index (PI), pollution load index (PLI), hazard index (HI), and carcinogenic risk (CR) were calculated. Statistical data analyses were done using SPSS software.
Results: The average concentrations of Fe, Zn, Cd, Cu, Mn, and Mo in the soil were 27240, 62.7, 0.302, 33.8, 570 and 0.999 mg/kg, respectively. The highest average concentrations of Fe (30,331 mg/kg), Cu (37.3 mg/kg), Mn (639 mg/kg), and Mo (1.08 mg/kg) were found in downtown areasm whilefor the highest concentrations of Zn (65.3 mg/kg) and Cd (0.332 mg/kg) were observed in rural and midtown areas.
Conclusion: The results of this research demonstrate the impact of urban activities—such astraffic, industry, and agriculture—on the trace element pollution in the soil of Al-Qasim City. Therefore, regular monitoring of trace element concentrations and identification of their pollution sources are recommended to reduce and manage associated environmental and health risks.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
General
Received: 2024/07/25 | Accepted: 2024/10/6 | Published: 2024/12/11
Received: 2024/07/25 | Accepted: 2024/10/6 | Published: 2024/12/11
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