Iranian Journal of

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MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Background and Objectives: Environmental pollution and health risks of dyestuffs extensively are caused by many industries. Nonbiodegradability of dyes is important so that different methods are studied for removing them. The use of white rot fungi is promising technique in this regard. Therefore, objective of this work is to investigate Rimazol Brilliant Blue Royal decolorization by immobilized Ganoderma sp. in sodium alginate from aqueous solution.
Material and Methods: This is an experimental study. First, the nutritional, environmental, and operational conditions of decolorization process were optimized. Then, efficiency of immobilized fungal cells was investigated. Experimental designs were provided using fractional factorial methods and quadratic model was fitted on decolorization data by MiniTab software.
Results: Our findings showed that type and concentration of carbon source, temperature, and pH were the most important factors affecting decolorization and statistically significant. Optimal conditions to 95.3 percent color removal were: glycerol as carbon source at 19.14 g/L temperature, 27 oC and initial pH, 6.26. Moreover, decolorization efficiency increased from 75 percent up to 95 percent by improving process and fungal immobilization.
Conclusion: Ganoderma fungus has suitable potential to decolorization. Besides, optimization and cell immobilization can improve its capability. Application of experimental design to research methodology is important because of decreasing in experiments and saving resources. It is suggested to use these potentials in environmental pollution control.

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Backgrounds and Objectives: The base structure of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) is made of hydrogen and carbon. Widespread use, improper disposal and accidental spills of this compounds lead to long term remaining of contaminations such as organic solvents and poly aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the soil and groundwater resources, resulting in critical environmental issues. In this study, an oil-contaminated soil was washed using Tween 80 surfactant and the application of photo-Fenton process (UV/Fe²⁺/H₂O₂) for treatment of the produced wastewater was evaluated.
Materials and Methods: Tween 80 is a yellow liquid with high viscosity and soluble in water. In order to determine of the photo-Fenton process efficiency, we studied effective variables including Fe concentration, pH, H₂O₂ concentration, and irradiation time. The UV irradiation source was a medium-pressure mercury vapor lamp (400 w) vertically immersed in the solution within 2L volume glass cylindrical reactor.
Results: The results showed that efficiency of COD removal depends on the initial Fe concentration, pH, H₂O₂ concentration and irradiation time.
Under optimum conditions, (Fe: 0.1mM, H₂O₂: 0.43 mM, pH: 3 and UV light irradiation time: 2 hours) the removal efficiency of COD was 67.3%. pH plays a crucial role in the photo-Fenton process such that the removal efficiency increased with decreasing of pH.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, under acidic condition, this process is an efficient method for COD removal from the wastewater studied.

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Background and Objectives: Soil pollution by oil compounds is a serious environmental and ground water problem throughout the world. Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) are a combination of many distinctive compounds. Some of these compounds in exposure with human and animal can cause cancer, disorder central nervous system, liver and lungs affects. The objective of this research was to investigate gasoline removal (C10 – C 28) using Brij 35 and Tween 80 from polluted soil. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, the efficiency of soil washing with nonionic surfactants (Brij 35, Tween 80) for remediation of gasoline polluted soils was studied. The effects of soil washing time, agitation, surfactant concentration, and pH on the removal efficiency were studied. Results: The results showed that gasoline removal efficiency increased with increasing agitation speed and washing time. In addition, it was found that removal efficiency of gasoline was decreased by increasing surfactant concentration. But, increasing pH did not have remarkable effect on removal efficiency of gasoline. The efficiencies of Tween 80 and Brij 35 for removal of gasoline under optimal condition were 70 -80 and 60- 65% respectively. Conclusion: The results showed that soil washing with non ionic surfactants was effective in removal of gasoline from polluted soil and it can be recommended for treating surface soil polluted.