Showing 11 results for Bahrami
M Khosravi, N Bahramifar, M Ghasempour,
Volume 4, Issue 2 (9 2011)
Abstract
Background and Objectives:Anzali Wetland is one of the most important aquatic ecosystems of Iran which is located in south-west of the Caspian sea. This Wetland provides a suitable and non-market price habitat for valuable fish and aquatic animals which have an important role in the life cycle of this ecosystem. This study reports the results of some heavy metals contamination monitoring in superficial water of the Anzali Wetland, Iran.
Materials and Methods: The samples were collected from three sites (east, center and west) of Anzali Wetland, in each site three stations existed and each sample replicated three times.
Results: The results showed high heavy metal levels in eastern site of wetland, where there were high levels of contamination. The mean of heavy metals concentration in sediment from Anzali Wetland were in order as Cd 157.023, Pb 3.646 and Hg 300.692 ng /g dried weight, Zn 186.953 and Cu 44.452 mg /g dried weight in eastern site. The concentration levels of heavy metals in three sites were in order as follows: Zn > Cu > Hg > Cd > Pb.
Conclusion: Concentrations of heavy metals in eastern zone reflected metal loadings from anthropogenic sources located at and in the vicinity of the sampling sites.
J Azami, A Esmaili-Sari, N Bahramifar,
Volume 4, Issue 4 (2 2012)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The heavy metals pollution in aquatic ecosystems especially mercury, always makes concern about health of aquatic organisms. So, the purposes of this study were determination of total mercury in different tissues of the three species of the most important water birds at north of Iran and comparison with world health standards.
Materials and Methods: Generally, 51 birds were captured randomly. Then, samples of feather, liver, kidney and muscle were taken and the mercury concentrations were determined by Advanced Mercury Analyzer (Model Leco, AMA 254).
Results: The most amount of accumulated mercury was in great cormorant's liver (piscivorous species). Means of mercury concentration in liver of great cormorant, mallard, and coot were 14.80, 2.05, 0.18 in kidney 12.00, 1.90, 0.17 in feather 6.57, 1.09, 0.23 and in muscle 8.67, 0.26, 0.09 mg/kg dry weight respectively. Means Comparison showed significant difference among all tissues (P < 0.05), But there were not significant difference between sexes (P > 0.05)
Conclusion: The levels of accumulated mercury in all tissues of great cormorant were more than the established limits by WHO, FAO and EPA. The other species had less use limitation, but mercury concentration in mallards was considerable. These results can be a serious warning for consumers these birds, especially vulnerable people.
Hossein Amjadsoroudi, Farshid Ghormani Shahna, Abdorahman Bahrami, Javad Fardmal,
Volume 6, Issue 1 (5-2013)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Cyclone is one of the most utilized dust collectors for airborne particles control. It separates particles from airflow by centrifugal force. However, it is not effective in collecting very fine particles smaller than 10 μm in diameter. The aim of this study was to assess the performance of charging particles on cyclone efficiency in collecting particles smaller than 1 μm.
Materials and Methods: To achieve the above aim, a pilot air conditioning system equipped with conventional cyclone of Lapple model was designed and installed. A high voltage (18 KV) DC power supply was used for charging silica particle in corona charger. Isokinetic probe was used for particles sampling at upstream and downstream of cyclone under different study conditions and measurement was carried out using Grimm 1.08 dust counter.
Results: Charging fine airborne silica particles caused a significant increase in collection efficiency. There is a direct relationship between collection efficiency and charging voltage, so that the total particles collection efficiency was increased from 2.7 to about 72% with respect of increasing charging voltage from zero to 18 Kv. However, inlet air velocity has a negative effect on the collection efficiency of particles charged.
Conclusion: Applying electrocyclone in collecting fine particles smaller than 1 µm is more efficient compared with that of conventional cyclones.
Mehdi Bahrami, Saeeid Brumand-Nasab, Heydar-Ali Kashkooli, Ahmad Farrokhian Firouzi, Ali-Akbar Babaei,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (9-2013)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Among the heavy metals cadmium is of considerable environmental and health significance because of its increasing mobilization and human toxicity. The objectives of this research were to synthesize SDS modified magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4) and to determine its efficiency in cadmium removal from aqueous solutions.
Materials and Methods: Modified magnetite nanoparticles were synthesized and the effects of pH and contact time on cadmium removal efficiency were investigated in batch system. Then kinetics and isotherm models coefficients were determined in the optimum pH and equilibrium time conditions. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infra red (FTIR) were used to characterize the modified magnetite nanoparticles synthesized.
Results: The SEM results showed that the diameter of the particles is 40-60 nm. It was found that the optimum pH value for maximum adsorption of 10 mg/L cadmium by 0.1 g adsorbent in 12 hr was 6. Kinetic study showed that the equilibrium time was 30 min. The adsorption kinetics fitted well using the Ho pseudo second-order kinetic model however, the adsorption isotherm could be described by the Freundlich model. The maximum adsorption capacity of modified magnetite nanoparticles for Cd2+ was found to be 9.604 mg/g.
Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that the modified magnetite nanoparticles can be employed as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of cadmium from contaminated water sources
Ali Kazemi, Habibollah Younesi, Nader Bahramifar,
Volume 6, Issue 4 (3-2014)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: bisphenol A and nonylphenol are xenoestrogen materials used as a monomer of plastics in widely volume in the production of plastic materials especially mineral water bottles and disposable plastic containers. In this study, we investigated the potential of migration of bisphenol A and nonylphenol from disposable plastic containers into water at different temperatures and also from mineral water into water at different temperatures. Materials and Methods: We conducted bisphenol A and nonylphenol extraction from each sample through liquid-liquid extraction. For identification and quantitative determination of bisphnol A and nonylphenol, we used gas chromatography equipped with mass detector, and for quantitative determination of these two compounds, we used high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with fluorescence detector. Results: We found that increasing temperature increased significantly the rate of migration of these two compounds in the water. Moreover, it was revealed that only the presence of bisphenol A in water of mineral water bottles was detected and the increase in temperature also increases the rate of migration bisphenol A into water. Conclusion: In general, results of this study showed that improper storage of mineral water bottles and also use of disposable plastic containers for hot drinks would result in increasing consumer exposure to these compounds.
Gh Hesam, F Ghorbani Shahna, A Bahrami,
Volume 7, Issue 4 (1-2015)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Emission of volatile organic compounds and unpleasant smell are the important characteristics of the rendering plant, causing disturbance for the workers and nearby residents. In order to prevent the spread of air pollutants and to provide favorable environment, application of treatment technologies is essential. Materials and Methods: In this study, in order to select suitable collector and ventilation system for rendering plant, air sampling was performed via NIOSH sampling methods (1501, 1300, 1600, and 2002). Totally, 24 air samples were collected from the ambient air, air pollution source, and worker’s breathing zone using two sorbent, activated charcoal and silica gel and were analyzed using GC-MS. Then, the local ventilation system was designed based on the qualification and quantitation analysis of air samples. The stairmand high efficiency cyclone and thermal oxidizer were designed for dust control and gas cleaning respectively. Results: In total, 41 chemical pollutants in exhaust air from rendering plant were identified these compounds included hydrocarbons, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, ethers, halogenated compounds, sulfur compounds, nitrogen compounds, and acids. The results of ventilation system designing showed that the system with airflow of 5725 m3/h and a cyclone with the diameter of 1 m and the height of 4 m could remove 50% of particles with 9.45-micron diameter. Gaseous pollutants were removed using thermal oxidation via the consumption of 96 m3/h fuel gas flow. The chamber volume was 6.67 m3. The daily fuel costs were estimated 310000 RLS. Conclusion: Application of local exhaust ventilation system and integrated collectors for control of air pollutants in rendering plant can remove large amounts of particulate and gaseous pollutants. Control of these pollutants can cause loss of smell nuisance and environmental pollution and improving the health and welfare of workers and neighboring residents of such industries.
S Alidoust, N Bahramifar, A Esmaeli Sari,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (6-2017)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Mercury (Hg) is considered as a global pollutant that is widely dispersed in the environment. Monitoring of total mercury (THg) concentration in the sediments without determination of organic mercury (OHg) and selenium (Se) is an unreliable approach to evaluate the precise toxicological effects of Hg. In the present study, concentrations of THg, OHg and Se in the surface sediments of the eastern and western parts of Anzali wetland were investigated. In addition, the correlation of THg and OHg with Se and total organic carbon were analyzed.
Materials and Methods: Forty surface sediment samples were collected from the eastern and western parts of the wetland. Analysis of total and organic mercury in the sediment samples were done with Advanced Mercury Analyzer and the concentration of selenium was measured using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES).
Results: The average concentrations of THg in the East and West wetlands were 109.53 and 68.39 ng/g dw, respectively. The average concentration of THg in the sediments of the eastern part of Anzali Wetland was significantly higher than that of the western part (P<0.001). The mean concentrations of OHg in East and West wetland were about 34.91 and 28.84 ng/g dw, respectively. There was no significant relationship. The ratio of OHg to THg showed significant differences in the two studied areas. The average concentrations of Se in East and West wetlands were 156.25 and 163.75 ng/g dw, respectively. There was a significant negative correlation between the concentration of selenium and organic mercury in sediments of the western part of wetland (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The THg concentration in the sediments of Anzali wetland was lower in comparison to other studied regions of the world. However, the percentage of OHg in the Eastern and Western part of wetland was high. Therefore, bioavailability and toxicity of Hg would be high in the sediments and aquatic environment. In this study, in spite of high molar ratio of Se to THg, there was relatively high content of OHg. We recommend to measure the various Se-species that are effectively bound to inorganic Hg and to determine the amount of Se and Hg in aquatic organisms.
S Mazloomi, A Esmaeili - Sari, N Bahramifar, M Moeinaddini,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (9-2017)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Street dust is considered as one of the important sources of particulate matters and heavy metals in the atmosphere. The goal of this study was to assess the heavy metals pollution in street dust of Tehran and evaluate their ecological risk.
Materials and Methods: The sampling of street dust was carried out in two areas at the east and west of Tehran. After preparation of samples, the concentration of heavy metals was measured by ICP-MS. The pollution level of heavy metals in the street dust was assessed using geo-accumulation index (Igeo), pollution index (PI), integrated pollution index (IPI), enrichment factor (EF) and ecological risk index (RI).
Results: The results of the calculations of the indices showed that the street dust in both studied areas was non-polluted with Li, Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Sr and Ba. The origin of these elements was mainly natural sources. However, Cd, Cu, As, Zn, Sn and Pb had medium to high level of contamination. These elements had a very high to extremely high enrichment in both areas. Their origin was mainly anthropogenic sources. The ecological risk index indicated a moderate ecological risk for the east and a low ecological risk for the west area.
Conclusion: The higher level of lead in the East is the main reason of higher ecological risk of this area. Therefore, the heavy metals pollution of the street dust, especially lead and its enterance into the environment, should be considered in this area.
M Bijari, H Younesi, N Bahramifar,
Volume 10, Issue 4 (3-2018)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Reactive dyes are the newest dyes in textile industry. They may cause environmental problems. The aim of this study was to remove Reactive Black 5 (RB5) in aqueous solutions with activated carbon that was made from grape wood.
Materials and Methods: The activated carbon was synthesized by potassium carbonate with impragnation ratios of 1:0.25 at different temperatures (600,650,700,750,800,850,900)°C. Experiments on dye adsorption were done under the same conditions including pH of 2, adsorbent dose of 0.025 g/L, initial dye concentration of 250 mg/L, volume of 100 mL, and contact time of 120 min. Then, the absorption RB5 in a bathc mode was done using the optimized activated carbon. The trends of pH, absorbent dose, initial concentration, temperature, retention time, parametrs were studied. The BET and SEM techniques were used to characterize the activated carboon. Finally, the equilibrium, synthetic and thermodynamic studies were done for RB5.
Results: The results showed that the activated carbon sample that was synthesized under the imprenation ratio of 1:0.25 and temperature of 900 oC had a surface area 1670 m2/g. Moreover, the total pore volume was 1.134 cm3/g and 68% of the total pore size were within mesoporous zone. The highest adsorption capacity was observed at the optimum condition. The optimum condition with the maximum adsorption capacity for RB5 was pH of 2, adsorbent dose of 0.035 g/L and temperature 45 °C. According to the equilibrium test results RB5 followed the Freundlich model. of the kinetic adsorption results showed that RB5 showed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. According to the thermodynamic studies, it seems that RB5 absorption process was an endothermic, non-spontaneous and physical sorption process.
Conclusion: The study showed that the produced-activated carbon from grape wood had a great potentioal for removing RB5 from aqueous solutions.
Arash Babaei, Maryam Bahrami, Masoomeh Maleki, Hadis Tavafi,
Volume 13, Issue 4 (2-2021)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Bioremediation and one of its main branches, namely phytoremediation, is one of the most important and basic processes for eliminating pollutants from the environment. Due to the large number of silica factories in Azandarian area of Malayer city and high soil silica pollution in this area, this study was conducted to compare the bioremediation effect of Fusarium oxysporum and Portulace olerace.L phytoremediation on silica uptake.
Materials and Methods: For this purpose, portulaca oleracea was cultivated in greenhouse conditions and different concentrations of silica and under the treatment of fungi in a completely random statistical design. For this purpose, portulaca oleracea cultivation was carried out under greenhouse conditions, fungal treatment and in different concentrations of silica in a completely randomized manner.
Results: The results showed that the fungus grew easily at high speed at 95% concentration of silica and was able to absorb 84.50% of the silica in the soil and the plant was able to absorb 80% of silica, the highest absorption rate of 69.71% and the highest rate of silica uptake in plant and fungus coexistence is 80% silica and 69.90%. The results showed that the fungus grew easily in the presence of silica with 95% concentration and could absorb 84.50% of silica in the soil. In the presence of 80% silica, the plant demonstrated the highest adsorption rate of 61.71%. The highest rate of silica uptake (69.90%) was reached at the 80% initial concentration of silica under the coexistence activities of plant and fungi.
Conclusion: In conclusion, silica exhibited a positive and significant effect on the physiological traits of Portulaca oleracea and also increased the amount of phenol, flavonoids, and anthocyanins. The coexistence of fungi and plants also increased the mentioned physiological traits in Portulaca oleracea. Also, the coexistence of plants and fungi showed a positive effect on silica adsorption, which can be effective in reducing silica contamination in the region.
Mohammad Fahiminia, Hossein Jafari Mansoorian, Akbar Eskandari, Amirhossein Karimpour Ardestani, Gharib Majidi, Samira Bahrami Valeh,
Volume 17, Issue 1 (6-2024)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Waste management as an inevitable byproduct is one of the most critical environmental issues in any society. Its management is essential for preventing environmental pollution. The aim of this research is to examine the management of production waste in the Azadi Sports Complex.
Materials and Methods: This research is a descriptive, cross-sectional, and empirical study that utilizies questionnaires, field visits, weight analysis, sampling, and determination of the physicochemical characteristics of waste. The questionnaire includes questions about the production rate, source reduction, separation, recycling, collection, storage location, transportation outside the complex, and final disposal of waste.
Results: The amount of waste generated from the Azadi Sports Complex was 449.87±4.83kg/day, with the highest waste production observed from the Wrestling Federation (95.37 kg/day) and the lowest from the Kung Fu Federation (12.75 kg/day) and the clinic (12 kg/day). The results of the physicochemical characteristics indicated that the average moisture content was 47%. Combustible materials accounted for 67% with a high calorific value of 12807 kcal/kg, and the ash content was 42%. The dry and wet wastes were collected daily, mixed together, and stored together in an enclosed area.
Conclusion: The results showed that the waste separation, recycling, and storage practices in the Azadi Sports Complex are unsatisfactory. Additionally, there is no existing program for waste reduction at the source or recycling. Therefore, the establishment of a proper waste management system to mitigate the waste volumes in this complex is necessary.
