Iranian Journal of

Backgrounds and Objectives : Nitrogen compounds in wastewater are mainly in four types of organic, am- monia, nitrite and nitrate. Total nitrogen concentration in municipal wastewater is usually within 25 to 45 mg/L as nitrogen. The most important problem with nitrogen is its oxygen demand and human health effect.
Materials and Methods: Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR) is a system in which baffles are used to direct  wastewater flow. During 9 months study, a 15 liter modified ABR (104*30*15 cm) with eight baffled com- partments was used for nitrification-denitrification processes. In the seventh compartment, the wastewater was aerated to oxidize ammonia to nitrite and nitrate.
Results : Denitrification was done in the first four compartments with removal efficiency from 60 to 84 per- cent for nitrite and nitrate, respectively. During the shock loading study (4 times of the last influent), a sharp decrease in nitrogen removal rate was observed which was then returned to the previous efficiency after 11 days. Artificial neural network was used to evaluate and process the data in which the observed error in 10 patterns was less than 15 percent.
Conclusion : Anaerobic baffled reactor with an influent of up to 200 mg/L has capability to remove total  nitrogen concentration to less than the standard level of Iranian Department of Environment of 50 mg/L as nitrate and 10 mg/L as nitrogen.

Background & Objectives: Cryptosporidium parvum is considered as one of the pathogenic agents transmitted by water, high resistance to conventional disinfection methods, and potency of creating various problems in water resource. Because of various problems in Cryptosporidium parvum studies, Bacillus subtilis spore is recommended as a surrogate organism for studying protozoa inactivation and evaluation of water quality. On the other hand, electrochemical process is presented as an environmental friendly and high efficient method in disinfection in recent years. The aim of this study was to propose a method for promotion of the water quality. Materials & Methods: In this study, the electrochemical system used was consisted of steel electrodes (4×8 cm), 200 mL volume, and 1-4 mg/L sodium chloride. The bacterial suspensions of Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633) was prepared according to the McFarland method with 103 to 106 spores/mL concentration. The microbial agent removal was evaluated by sampling and transferring water to the tripticase soy agar medium every 15 min for 60 min. The number of bacteria spores, supporting electrolyte, induced current, and reaction time were evaluated. Results: The proposed electrolysis process could not eliminate Bacillus subtilis spores at 104 to 106 spores mL^-1 rate at lower than 100 mA current for 60 min. Adding sodium chloride supporting electrolyte up to 4 mg/L concentration completely eliminated Bacillus subtilis spores after 60 min. Conclusion: Adding sodium chloride as a supporting electrolyte can increase the spore removal because of increasing direct and indirect oxidation in electrolysis process. Improving water disinfection and spore removal after 60 min could be described by higher oxidant agents in anode electrode.