Showing 8 results for Fallah
G.a Fallah Ghalhari, F Mayvaneh, F Shakeri,
Volume 8, Issue 3 (12-2015)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Assessing human bioclimatic is foundation for many programs and plans, especially in the field of healthcare. In this study, human thermal comfort and its relationship with the incidence of diseases were investigated in Kurdistan province.
Materials and Method: The daily data of temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, and cloudiness between the years 1995-2014 were used. In the First step, Tmrt parameter was calculated in the Ray Man software environment. Then, UTCI index values were calculated using Bioklima software. In the final step, the climatic comfort zones were drawn in the ArcMap software.
Results: It was found that the UTCI values change from 20 to -23. Bijar and Zarrineh stations have the highest cold stress conditions. The calculated values showed that severe cold stress conditions prevail in most parts of the province almost throughout the year. The correlation coefficient values showed that the highest correlation with the height was observed in the cold months of the year (December- February). The results of UTCI zoning also showed that the central parts of the province consistent with the higher altitude areas had severe stress conditions.
Conclusion: The research showed that the province is faced with moderate to severe stresses in terms of human stress conditions. In the cold periods of the year, it will be more severe and more cold conditions are experienced in high places.
Gh Fallah Ghalhari, R Esmaili, F Shakeri,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (9-2016)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Nowadays, indicators related to human physiology have special roles in human bioclimatic and environmental studies. One of these indices is Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET). In the present study, trends of physiological equivalent temperature index over the past half century, which is the foundation of plans, especially in the field of health and environment, were evaluated in four climatic regions of Iran (Mashhad, Rasht, Esfahan, Tabriz and Bandar Abbas).
Material and methods: In this study, the data required to calculate the heat stress in the daily scale for 50 years during 1961-2010 were obtained from Iranian Meteorological Organization. Then, PET index at the daily scale was calculated and values greater than 35°C were identified for warm periods of the year. In the next step, the seasonal trends were analyzed by Mann-Kendall test.
Results: Changes in the frequency of days with heat stress in stations of Mashhad, Isfahan, and Tabriz have been rising during spring and summer. In other words, the greatest amount of positive change has occurred over the long-term average in these cities. The highest frequency of hot days was observed in Rasht and Bandar Abbas stations. The main reason for this subject has to do with how adjacent they were to the sea and the high rate of evaporation in such areas.
Conclusion: The 1980s-1990s have been allocated as the most days of hot stress. Upward trend of thermal stress occurring in the studied stations has increased the attention to the problem of heat stress and disease (thermal attack, fainting, muscle cramps) from the field of planning and management of the crisis.
M Kermani, M Farzadkia, A Esrafili, Y Dadban Shahamat, S Fallah Jokandan,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (9-2017)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Discharge of industrial wastewater containing Catechol has adverse effects on human and environmental health. Purpose of this study was to determine the effects of catechol toxicity before and after advanced oxidation process (ozonation process) by bioassay test with Daphnia Magna.
Materials and Methods: This study is an applied research in which the toxicity of catechol was determined by Daphnia Magna bioassay test during the ozonation process. First, Catechol stock solution was prepared at a concentration of 250 mg/L. Then, 10 samples were prepared that each contained 0 (control), 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 12, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of volume of primary solution. Initial samples were prepared from reactor effluent in the same volume as those of the samples. According to standard method, 10 Daphnia infants were added to each sample. The samples were observed after 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. Finally, lethal concentration (LC50) and toxicity unit (TU) were calculated using Probit analysis.
Results: According to the results, Daphnia magna was affected by the toxicity of catechol. LC50 (24-hour) for raw effluent was increased from 13.30 mL/100 mL to 30.4 mL/100 mL after 60 minutes Treatment. The toxicity unit was decreased from 7.51 TU to 3.29 TU accordingly, showing reduction of 56% in toxicity. The toxicity of the treated effluent decreased during ozonation process of catechol.
Conclusion: Based on the bioassay test, ozonation process was able to reduce the toxicity of catechol. Therefore, this process can be used as an option to treat wastewater that contains catechol.
Mh Dehghani, Gr Jahed Khaniki, R Fallah, N Khodamoradi Vatan, L Tabande,
Volume 10, Issue 4 (3-2018)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Heavy metals are toxic and can enter the food and thus the health of people who consume these kinds of foods may be affected. The aim of this study was to investigate the concentration of heavy metals in fruits and to estimate the exposure level of heavy metals by fruit consumption.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 60 samples (35 samples of apple fruit and 25 apricot fruit samples) were randomly collected from gardens around Zanjan and Mahneshan city in 2016. The concentration of Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu were determined by atomic absorption spectrometer. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS software.
Results: The average concentration of the elements in the samples was as follows: Pb (0.121 mg/kg wet weight), Cd (0.052 mg/kg wet weight), Zn (10.63 mg/kg dry weight), and Cu (4.99 mg/kg dry weight). The average lead concentration in apple and apricot was, respectively, 0.17 and 0.057 mg/kg wet weight, cadmium 0.08 and 0.003 mg/kg wet weight, zinc 9.15 and 12.7 mg/kg dry weight, Copper 4.4 and 5.583 mg/kg dry weight. Furthermore, it was found that 28.3% of the samples were contaminated with Pb, 13.3% with Cd and 3.3% with Zn. Cu contamination was not detected above permitted concentration. The concentrations of heavy metals in Zanjan were more than Mahneshan and the concentrations of Pb and Cd in the apple samples were higher than the apricot samples but the concentration of Zn and Cu in the apricot samples were higher than the apple samples.
Conclusion: Heavy metals pollution was found in samples belonging to the gardens around the factories and mines of lead and zinc. However, there is no risk of non-cancerous diseases with the use of these fruits in accordance with the national standard declared per capita.
M Fallah, Ar Pirali Zefrehei, Saa Hedayati,
Volume 11, Issue 2 (9-2018)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Due to the vulnerability of water resources, quality control of surface water is one of the key issues in environmental conservation programs. In recent years, Anzali wetland has been exposed to numerous threats, including environmental pollutants. TOPSIS is an efficient and reliable way to assess the quality of water resources.
Materials and Methods: In order to evaluate water quality condition, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), temperature, pH, turbidity, Total Suspended Solid (TSS), phosphate (PO4-), nitrate (NO3-) and Fecal Coliforms (FC) were measured seasonally from 10 sites of Anzali International Wetland in 2014 and the water quality condition was estimated using TOPSIS method.
Results: The highest BOD5, phosphate, temperature and fecal coliform were measured at station 8. Comparison of TOPSIS values in different sampling stations showed the minimum (0.339) and maximum values (0.689) at the stations 5 and 8, respectively. According to the result, the station 5 (Sorkhankal) had the best water quality condition and station 8 (Pirbazar) had the lowest one. Also, seasonal results of TOPSIS values showed that the maximum value was at spring (0.742).
Conclusion: Discharge of effluents from land uses, agricultural and industrial activities located along the stream, could be considered as important reasons for decreasing water quality. Our results showed that TOPSIS method was clearly able to demonstrate the qualitative changes of water resources, indicating a moderate water quality for Anzali international wetland.
S Fallah Jokandan, M Yegane Badi, A Esrafili, A Azari, E Ahmadi, H Tarhandeh, M Kermani,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (9-2019)
Abstract
Background and Objective: The activities of various industries produce a wide range of pollutants and toxic compounds. One of these compounds is the catechol, a cyclic organic compound with high toxicity and resistant to degradation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate efficiency of powder activated carbon magnetized with Fe3O4 nanoparticles in the removal of catechol from aqueous solutions by response surface methodology.
Materials and Methods: The co-precipitation method was used to synthesize magnetic powder activated carbon and its properties were analyzed by SEM and XRD analysis. Then, the effect of the parameters such as pH, contact time, absorbent dose, initial concentration of catechol and temperature on the efficiency of adsorption process were investigated using a response surface methodology (Box–Behnken). The residual concentration of catechol was measured by HPLC at 275 nm.
Results: The results showed that the maximum efficiency of the adsorption process was obtained at concentration of 20 mg/L, pH=3, contact time 90 minutes, at 25 °C and absorbent dose of 1.5 g/L. The study of isotherm and kinetics showed that the experimental data of the catechol adsorption process correlated with the Langmuir and pseudo-second order models, respectively. Thermodynamic study of the reaction also expresses the Exothermic and Spontaneous process.
Conclusion: The results showed that the adsorption process using powder activated carbon magnetized with Fe3O4 nanoparticles at acidic pH had better efficiency. As a result, the studied process as an effective, rapid and inexpensive method for removal of catechol from aqueous solutions is proposed. Due to its short reaction time, it is economically affordable process.
A Atamaleki, N Naimi, Y Fakhri, H Sharifi Maleksari, H Nosrati, S Fallah,
Volume 12, Issue 4 (2-2020)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Nowadays, water shortage crisis leads to wastewater reuse in agriculture sector. The presence of pollutants such as heavy metal in wastewater results in the accumulation of them in vegetables, and it will finally be transferred to consumers and will have irreversible effects on their health. Therefore, the present study was performed to do a systematic review along with meta-analysis on heavy metal accumulation in mint plant that is irrigated with wastewater.
Materials and Methods: Related articles were collected from databases like SID, Magiran, Iranmedex, IranDoc, Embase, Medline, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google scholar between 1982 and 2019 and the required data were extracted. Then, due to the heterogeneity of studies entered in the research, a random effect model was applied to analyze them using STATA 14 software. Non-carcinogenic risk was assessed for children and adults.
Results: According to the search results, 1693 articles were entered in the review process until the beginning of 2019 and finally only 12 articles were included in the research. According to the results of the meta-analysis, the order of the metals based on concentration (mg/kg) were: Zn > Ni > Cr > Cu > Pb > Cd. Also, based on the non-carcinogenic risk assessment results, mint consumption showed a significant health effects on children age group compared to adults, especially in India and Pakistan.
Conclusion: wastewater reuse in agriculture sector leads to increase concentration of metals in vegetables like mint. This increased the risk of non-carcinogenicity in the age groups, especially children. Therefore, it is recommended that continuous monitoring of irrigation sources, soils, and vegetables is done to prevent the transmission of these pollutants to the human food cycle.
Mojtaba Yeganeh, Sevda Fallah, Hanieh Fakhri, Mahdi Farzadkia,
Volume 17, Issue 1 (6-2024)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Phenol compounds are commonly applied as raw materials in the production of pesticides, herbicides, and dyes. These compounds are toxic to animals, plants, and microorganisms. In this study, the sonophotocatalytic degradation of 2,4-dinitrophenol in aqueous solutions was investigated using organic-mineral polymer catalysts containing Zink and Cobalt oxides under visible light and ultrasonic (US) irradiation.
Materials and Methods: The characteristics of the synthesized catalyst were determined using XRD, FTIR, and SEM techniques. The effect of several key parameters, including pH (3-9), catalyst dosage (0.3-1 g/L), time (0-90 min), US power (100-200 W/m2), and initial concentration of 2,4-dinitrophenol (20-100 mg/L), on the degradation efficiency was also investigated.
Results: After 75 minutes of sonophotocatalytic processing, complete degradation of 2,4-dinitrophenol (20mg/L) was achieved with catalyst dosage of 0.5 g/L, pH of 9.0, and US intensity of 200 W/m2. Kinetic studies indicated that the sonophotocatalytic degradation process followed a first-order kinetic model. The results of radical scavenging experiments confirmed that HO° and O2˚- radicals are the main oxidative species involved in the degradation of 2,4-dinitrophenol. Furthermore, the reuse of the catalyst for five consecutive tests showed a slight decrease in removal efficiency.
Conclusion: The results demonstrate that the sonophotocatalytic process, using the modified organic-mineral polymers with mixed Zink and Cobalt oxides catalyst, can be an effective method for removing 2,4-dinitrophenol from aqueous media.
