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The necessity of community-oriented and future-oriented revision in the educational content of the field of environmental health from the point of view of the beneficiaries (graduates and students)
Mohammad Mosaferi, Farhad Ghayurdoost, Reza Dehghanzadeh, Hassan Aslani, Sepideh Nemati Mansour, Neda Gilani,
Volume 16, Issue 1 (6-2023)
Abstract
Background and Objective: The trend of developments in the health system and medical education and other related sciences, including environmental health, is a global challenge. In this research educational content of environmental health and its revision were studied from the point of view of students and graduates.
Materials and Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional descriptive study. In this research, through two checklists, the opinions of environmental health students and graduates regarding the necessity of revising the educational content of the field according to the requirements of the time and considering the future situation were investigated with the participation of 441 people. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-22 software.
Results: According to the results, 73.7 percent of participants believed that the educational content of environmental health in Iran has fundamental differences from developed countries. 81.7 percent believed that the educational content provided to environmental health students is not proportional to their duties. Meantime, 91.4 percent of the graduates of environmental health believe that the expected capabilities included in the educational curricula of different degrees of environmental health should be revised. 88.4 percent believed that it is necessary to revise the educational content of this field considering the "change in executive and practical functions of environmental health during the past years".
Conclusion: The overwhelming majority of graduates of the field emphasized the need to revise the educational content of the environmental health field, taking into account the requirements of the time. It is necessary to redefine the field of environmental health in the country according to the changing situation and the emergence of new indicators.
 

Investigating the amounts and risk assessment of lead in raw milk collected from farms in Tehran province in winter, 2022
Alireza Bakhtiyari, Behrouz Akbari-Adergani, Parisa Shavli-Gilani, Liela Karami, Najmeh Yazdanfar, Parisa Sadighara,
Volume 17, Issue 1 (6-2024)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Given the crucial role of milk and its products in human diets, it is imperative to implement effective measures to ensure the safety of milk by minimizing the presence of hazardous pollutants. This study aims to assess the concentration and potential risks associated with lead in raw milk produced in Tehran province.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study involved the collection of raw milk samples from 24 diverse livestock farms in Tehran province during the winter season of 1401. The samples were analyzed for lead contamination using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Statistical tests were applied to compare the results with international standards, and subsequent risk assessment was conducted based on the average amounts.
Results: The study revealed that none of the samples exceeded the permissible limit for lead. The mean and standard deviation of lead concentration in the samples was 7 ± 5.8 (ppb), well below the international standard. There was no significant variation in lead levels among the tested livestock farms. The Hazard Quotient (HQ) values for both children and adults were calculated to be less than 1.
Conclusion: The concentration of lead in all samples remained below the permissible limits set by Codex and the Iran Standards Organization, indicating no non-carcinogenic risks associated with milk consumption in terms of lead contamination, as suggested by the calculated HQ values.
 

Investigating the concentration of Patulin in various juices samples sold in Tehran market in 2024
Soheyl Eskandari, Alireza Bakhtiyari, Ali Mirzakhani, Saeed Aghebat-Bekheir, Parisa Shavali-Gilani,
Volume 18, Issue 4 (3-2026)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Patulin is one of the most important mycotoxins produced by a wide range of molds. The main source of this mycotoxin is rotten fruits, especially apple juice. Patulin may damage the liver, spleen, and kidneys and cause seizures, edema, intestinal inflammation, and vomiting. Patulin may also have genotoxic and neurotoxic properties and disrupt the functioning of the immune and nervous systems.
Materials and Methods: In this study, the concentration of patulin in 34 random samples of fruit juice, including 26 apple juice samples, 4 apple and banana mixed juice samples, 2 apple and kiwi mixed juice samples, and 2 pomegranate juice samples sold in stores in Tehran in May 2024, was measured and reported using the HPLC-UV method.
Results: The LOD and LOQ levels were 1.21 and 3.49 µg/kg, respectively, and the recovery percentage was between 91 and 97 percent. The mean and standard deviation of patulin concentration in a total of 34 samples was 13.425 ± 21.348 µg/kg, which was below the permissible limit of the Iranian standard and Codex (50 µg/kg), and only the findings related to one of the samples were higher than the standard limit (14.88 µg/kg).
Conclusion: The results of this study show that the levels of patulin in the samples examined are mostly within the limits of Iranian and Codex standards. However, more comprehensive studies with a larger number of samples are recommended for a more accurate assessment of potential risks.
 

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