Showing 9 results for Hashemi
A. Almasi, A.h Hashemian, E. Amirpour, A. Dargahi, M. Mahmoudi,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (3 2010)
Abstract
Backgound and Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate water consumption, domestic wastewater generation and organic matter concentration, based on both, economical income and meteorological temperature.
Materials and Methods: The method of this study is descriptive and analytical. A checklist was used to collect data on economical income. Water consumption was obtained based on water bills. Wastewater generation and organic matter such as biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) per capita/ day were measured every four hours, during a day in three regions of Kermanshah city: Kasra, Ellaheiah and Taavon.
Results: Comparing water consumption in winter and summer showed significant difference in three regions, mentioned above. The water consumption was (398 ± 75, 291 ± 48 and 188 ± 50) for warm climate and (200 ± 25, 188 ± 35 and 140 ± 41) for three regions respectively in cold weather. In spite of an apparent difference in BOD in three regions, it was not significant statistically. Water consumption has strongly considerable relationship with economical income (r =0.988, P_value <0.001), while the generated wastewater in these regions were not different, statistically for warmclimate (220 ± 60, 204 ± 15 and 170 ±34), and in cold weather (170 ± 21, 158 ± 31 and 112 ±29), also the generated wastewater did not have considerable difference in cold climate. This study confirms that, the effects of these two parameters, i.e.monthly economical income and environmental temperature on water consumption, generated wastewater and biodegradable organic loading per capita/day is considerable. It was concluded that water consumption and wastewater generations were much more in warm climate than in cold weather.
Conclusion: Finally through this study the estimation of water consumption, wastewater generation and BOD concentration becomes possible, which is beneficial for establishment of water consumption.
M.a Zazouli, E. Ghahramani, M. Ghorbanian Alahabad, A. Nikouie, M. Hashemi,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (3 2010)
Abstract
Backgrounds and Objectives: One of environmental outcomes in industrial towns is developing environmental pollution such as production of industrial wastewaters. These industrial wastewaters should be appropriately treated before entering to receiving waters. However we can't solve environmental anxieties by establishing of wastewater treatment plants alone but permanent and regular assessment of these treatment plants performance is necessary for achieving environmental standards. Thus, this research has been done in order to investigation of activated sludge performance in wastewater treatment of Agghala industrial town in Golestan province.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study implemented in sewage treatment plant laboratory of Agghala industrial town in Golestan within 12 months at 2007. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) parameter determined twice in week, But Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) test accomplished weekly. pH measured by pH meter daily. Experiment of total suspended solids (TSS) and total dissolved solids (TDS) carried out every 10 days. All tests accomplished according to standard method for water and wastewater examination (2005). Then data analyzed using excel 2007.
Results: The average of BOD, COD and TSS in influent was 11196.17, 1854.58, 1232.25 mg/L respectively.Maximum influent organic loading rate was related to Shahrivar andMehr months. The total average of removal efficiency for BOD, COD and TSS was calculated 99.66, 98.2, and 97.6% respectively.
Conclusion:Quality of this treatment plant effluent was according to effluent disposal standards all over year. In sum, efficiency of this treatment plant (activated sludge system) was very good ininfluent pollutant removing. However occasionally effluent was not adapted with environmental standards but these deficiencies is solvable by accurate management and supervision on flow rate and influent organic loading rate easily.
H. Hashemi, M.m. Amin, B. Bina, H. Movahedian Attar, H. Farrokhzadeh,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (3 2010)
Abstract
Backgrounds and Objectives:Today, due to health, environmental and economical problems, of chlorine application, UV radiation is better option than chlorine for disinfection of effluent. The aim of this study was disinfection of secondary effluent with UV radiation.
Materials and Methods: Two types of UV disinfection system including low pressure (LP) and medium pressure (MP) was used to disinfection of Isfahan North Wastewater Treatment Plant (INWWTP) effluent without pretreatment. Single and combined lamps were operated to evaluate the removal of total and fecal coliforms (TC and FC), and fecal streptococcus (FS). TSS, iron, hardness, UV absorption and transmittance were analyzed in order to observe the fouling of the quartz sleeves.
Results: After using LP lamp with dose of 161 mws/cm2, TC and FC content was declined to standard level (1000 TC, and 400 FC/100ml). In addition, disinfection with MP lamp was led to FS content of 400 MPN/100 mL. Combination of LP and MP, with dose of 460 mws/cm2 could be met the environmental requirements of TC & FC, and the FS count was reached to 400 MPN/100 mL with dose of 237 mws/cm2. Maximum photo-reactivation percentage of coliforms after LP and MP lamps were appeared 15 and 3 percent respectively, while it was not observed for FS.
Conclusion: High fluctuation in secondary effluent quality of INWWTP mainly TSS concentration was caused to decline of the UVT value. Therefore, disinfection of effluent by LP, MP and even combined both systems are not applicable in conventional UV dose. Hence, using advanced process unit before UV disinfection system is necessary for removal of TSS.
Maasoumeh Ravanipour, Roshanak Rezaei Kalantary, Mahdi Farzadkia, Samireh Hashemi-Najafabadi, Ali Esrafily,
Volume 5, Issue 4 (15 2013)
Abstract
MicrosoftInternetExplorer4
Background and Objectives:The poor accessibility of microorganisms to PAHs in soil has limited success in the process of
bioremediation as an effective method for removing pollutants from soils.
Different physicochemical factors are effective on the rate of biodegradation.
The main objective of this study is to assess effects of nutrient and salinity
on phenanthrene removal from polluted soils.
Materials and Methods:The
soil having no organic and microbial pollution was first artificially polluted
with phenanthrene then nutrients and salinity solution in two concentrations
were added to it in order to have the proportion of 10% w:v (soil: water).
After that a microbial mixture enable to degrade phenanthrene was added to the
slurry and was aerated. Finally, the residual concentration of Phenanthrene in
the soil was extracted by ultrasonic and was analyzed using GC. We measured the
microbial populationusing MPN test. This study was conducted based on the two
level full factorial design of experiment.
Results: MPN test
showed that the trend of microbial growth has experienced a lag growth. The
full factorial design indicated that nutrient had the maximum effect on
bioremediation the rate of phenanthrene removal in the maximum nutrients -
minimum salinity solution was 75.14%.
Conclusion: This study
revealed that the more nutrient concentration increases, the more degradation
will be happened by microorganisms in the soils. However, salinity in the
concentration used had no effect on inhabitation or promoting on the
Phenanthrene removal.
Fatemeh Hashemi, Hatam Godini, Ghodratolah Shams Khorramabadi, Loqman Mansouri,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (10-2014)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Phenol presence in water and wastewater is interesting because of its stability in environment and health problems. Therefore, it must be removed for water pollution prevention. The aim of this study was to evaluate phenol adsorption from aqueous solutions using walnut green hull. Materials and Methods: This was an experimental study in which walnut green hull was used as biosorbent with a range of mesh 40. In this study, stock solution of phenol was prepared and effects of effective parameters such as pH (4,6,8, and10), contact time (3-60 min), adsorbent dosage (0.25-5 g/L), and initial phenol concentration (10,20,40, and 50 mg/L) on adsorption process were evaluated. Moreover results were evaluated using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms and first order and pseudo-second order kinetics. All experiments were conducted in double and the mean adsorption rate was reported. Results: The maximum adsorption capacity of 30.30 mg/g corresponded with Langmuir model. Kinetic evaluation indicated that the adsorption of phenol by the walnut green hull clearly followed the pseudo-second order reaction. It was found that increasing contact time and adsorbent dosage would lead to increasing of adsorption of phenol and increasing pH and initial phenol concentration lead to decreasing of phenol adsorption. Maximum phenol removal was achieved at pH 4, with more than 99.9 % efficiency. Conclusion: The results of this study show that the walnut green hull can be used effectively in phenol removal, because walnut green hull is agriculture waste and is produced annual in high volume hence, it can be used as adsorbent in phenol removal from wastewater.
A Ebrahimi, M.h Ehrampoush, H Hashemi, M Dehvari,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (6-2016)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Predicting municipal solid waste generation has an important role in solid waste management. The aim of this study was to predict municipal solid waste generation in Isfahan through time series method and system dynamics modeling.
Materials and Methods: Verified data of solid waste generation was collected from Waste Management Organization and population information was collected from the National Statistics Center, Iran for the period 1996-2011. Next, the effect of factors on solid waste generation such as population, urbanization, gross domestic product was investigated. Moreover, the relationship between each of these factors was identified using generalized estimating equation model. Finally, the quantity of the solid waste generated in Isfahan city was predicted using system dynamics modeling by Vensim software and time series method by ARMA technique.
Results: It was found that population and gross domestic product have a significant relationship with the amount of solid waste with P value 0.026 and 0 respectively. The annual average of municipal solid waste generation would be 1501.4 ton/day in 2021 estimated by the time series method and 1436 ton/day estimated by the system dynamics modeling. In addition, average annual growth rate achieved was 3.44%.
Conclusion: According to the results obtained, population and gross domestic product have a significant effect on MSW generation. Municipal solid waste generation will increase in future. Increasing solid waste is not the same in different areas and methods. The prediction of the time series method by ARMA technique gives precise results compared with other methods.
P Firouzi, H Aslani, A Aslhashemi,
Volume 11, Issue 4 (3-2019)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Nowadays, swimming pools as a sport and entertainment center have found more popularity. Violation of health based standards in terms of physicochemical, microbial and environmental health indices can turn pools into a potential source of disease transmission and spread. Due to the importance of maintaining swimmers’ comfort, health, and safety, the present study was aimed to consider environmental health status and physicochemical and microbial quality of swimming pools water in Tabriz.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the official checklists of swimming pools (consisting 10 public and 22 private swimming pools) were obtained from Tabriz Health Center. According to the inspections conducted in February 2017 and August 2017, the related information was extracted from the checklist. Data were analyzed using Excel software, SPSS version 23 and Chi-Square test.
Results: The average accordance of the physicochemical parameters with the standards for public and private pools was 67.5% and 65%, respectively. Among the physicochemical parameters, the residual free chlorine showed less accordance with the standards. On average, in the summer 49.5% and in the winter 28% of the pools showed microbial contamination.
Conclusion: The residual free chlorine values in the pool, Jacuzzi and chiller indicated a weak management of pools and a high potential for pathogenicity. Therefore, continual surveillance of the environmental health status and planning for an objective inspection program by the local authorities, especially in private sector, is suggested.
Saeed Rajabi, Nasim Salehi, Hassan Hashemi, Faezeh Mobasheri,
Volume 15, Issue 4 (3-2023)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Understanding the area of study stimulates the student. Therefore, students should pick their field of study with more information so that they get more engaged in it to complete the responsibilities assigned in the future as well as possible. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the attitude of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences environmental health students regarding their field of study and potential future careers.
Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional, descriptive research study on medical education. In this study, 120 students studying environmental health engineering at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences had their attitudes and knowledge assessed using a questionnaire created by the University of Minnesota, America, and the results were then analyzed using chi-square and t-tests.
Results: According to the research's findings, more than 80% of students chose their field of study without having any prior knowledge of it, more than 90% did not place it among their top priorities, and 80% claimed that their field of study depended on whether or not their employment position is acceptable.
Conclusion: According to the data, the majority of students had an unfavorable perception about entering this field. As a result, it is necessary to thoroughly present this discipline to students before they begin studying it, as well as to update its subject headings to better meet societal demands.
Majid Hashemi, Mohammad Javad Agah, Amir Mahmoud Rastegar,
Volume 17, Issue 1 (6-2024)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Paying attention to antibiotic residues in milk is important due to its health effects on the occurrence of microbial resistance in consumers, as well as its harmful effects on the dairy industry. This study was carried out with the aim of determining the amount of oxytetracycline, enrofloxacin, and penicillin G in raw milk samples produced in Fars province, which were detected as contaminated during screening with a rapid kit.
Materials and Methods: The samples were first examined with a rapid commercial kit for the presence of antibiotic residues. Then the amount of oxytetracycline, enrofloxacin and penicillin G antibiotics in the positive samples belonging to the middle month of each season was determined using the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method.
Results: Antibiotic residues were found in 121 (7.7%) samples by the commercial Eclipse kit. Both season (p<0.001) and region (p<0.01) of sampling had a significant effect on antibiotic residues in raw milk. In the chromatographic method, antibiotic residues of oxytetracycline and enrofloxacin were detected in 6 (27.3%) samples, none of which exceeded the permissible limit determined by the Iranian Veterinary Organization.
Conclusion: Although the amount of antibiotics detected from raw milk from Fars province was much lower than the permissible limit, it is necessary to implement further executive, educational, and research measures to minimize these residues in raw milk due to the possibility of the presence of other antimicrobial substances.
