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Effect of packaging with Chitosan biodegradable films formulated with Garlic essential oil (Allium sativum L.) on the chemical properties of chicken fillet
E Molaee Aghaee , A Kamkar, A Akhondzadeh Basti , A Khanjari , M.g. Kontominas ,
Volume 8, Issue 3 (12-2015)
Abstract

Background and Objective: Considering the environmental problems raised from current plastic packaging, edible and biodegradable films could be developed and also be effective in controlling the chemical and microbial properties of food especially if their effect be strengthened by adding natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agents like herbal essential oils. This study aimed at assessing the effect of packaging with chitosan film containing garlic essential oil on the chemical changes of chicken fillet during storage at refrigeration temperature.

Materials and Methods: Different levels of garlic essential oil (0, 0.5, 1 and 2%) were used in chitosan film preparation. Through casting method and using glycerol as plasticizer and tween 80 as emulsifier, different films were prepared after homogenization and molding. Chemical tests were conducted in days 0, 2, 4, 7, 10, and 14 on chicken fillets covered with different films and stored at 4 °C. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software.

Results: Samples covered with different films showed lower values for pH, total volatile nitrogen (TVN), Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARs), and peroxide index (P.V) compared with controls during the study (p ≤ 0.05). Generally, a dose-dependent trend was observed by essential oil addition.

Conclusion: Chicken packaging with chitosan film especially by adding various levels of garlic essential oil could had a preventive effect on major chemical spoilage factors. Considering the relatively similar preventive effect of 1 and 2 % essential oil levels and also economic aspects, optimum dose for essential oil could be 1 % in the film.


Spatial and temporal variations of air pollutants from motor vehicles using MOVES software: case study of Beheshti and Modarres boulevards in Rasht
A Ahmadi Orkomi, A Kamkar, Z Aghajani,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (9-2019)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Since mobile resources are the most important sources of air pollution in the metropolis of Rasht and due to the importance of air pollution in wet weather condition in Rasht, this research was carried out in a specific area to determine the pattern governing the change in the monthly emissions of pollutants on a small scale, using the results obtained from that area.
Materials and Methods: In this study, the amount of air pollutants was estimated on a small scale by continuous monitoring of traffic throughout the year (four days per month and six hours per day) and using MOVES software.
Results: The maximum annual average emissions of CO and NOx in the study area were 15.76 (between Gas and Razi squares) and 2 (between Imam Hossein Square and Nirou Daryaee square) g/(m.hr), respectively. In addition, the results showed that the average monthly emission of NOX throughout the year in each of the sections was constant and the average monthly emission of CO in the first half and the second half of the year was constant, and its value in the first half was higher than that in the second half.
Conclusion: Hourly distribution of CO emission in different months was affected by events and, in general, the pattern of people's life styles. But the hourly distribution for NOX was roughly constant throughout the year. Also, according to the results, with a single measurement (for CO) and twice measurement (for NOX) of traffic instead of monthly measurements, the pollutant emission estimation in other parts of the city was possible with an acceptable accuracy. Because the generalization of the method used in this study to estimate the emission of pollutants in all roads of the city is not reasonable and cost-effective.
 

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