Showing 8 results for Karam
A. A Pourbabaee, F Karami, A Amirkhani, B Rajabpour,
Volume 3, Issue 2 (6 2010)
Abstract
Backgrounds and Objectives: True cholera with typical clinical features nearly always occurs by serologic groups O1 and O139 but the non-O1 group can produce a disease with same clinical characteristic sporadically. According to the important of climate and environmental conditions in the distribution and abundance of Vibrio cholera, in this study, the distribution of the serologic group was evaluated in different parts of Qom city with relation to the affected patients.
Materials and Methods: In this study 5220 environmental specimens were taken from 12 parts of Qom city and during different seasons of the year 1325, 60 clinical specimens were taken from the patients and all were evaluated for Vibrio cholera with standard methods. The study was of Descriptive and cross sectional and the results were analyzed with statistical soft ware (Epi-info).
Results: The most abundance of Nag strains were related to Emamzadeh Ebrahim and Sheikhabad parts and Shahed Street from Khak faraj and Niroogah area and the least abundance were related to Salariyeh area. The abundance distribution of Nag strain, 7 different specimens was most in hogwash, sewerage and vegetables and least in pipe water which reveal a significant difference (P< 0.05) according to statistical goodness of fit test. The frequency distribution of the patients in each part of area 4 with relevance to sex revealed that the most contamination percentage was attributed to Emamzadeh Ebrahim and Sheikhabad and Shahed from Niroogah area and no positive specimen was taken from Haftado-do-tan and Shahrdary areas.
Conclusion: According to high occurrence of the disease in same areas, and results from other researchers based on increased frequency of non-O1 strains in the environment during the epidemic, so can release a connection between Vibrio cholera O1 strains and non-O1 strains to conclude. On the other hand, none of the clinical and environmental samples, Vibrio cholera O1 was isolated, so probably human carriers in Qom, not the main factor is the emergence of this disease.
G.r Moussavi, A Khavanin, H Mokarami,
Volume 3, Issue 3 (4 2010)
Abstract
Backgrounds and Objectives: Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are one of the common groups of contaminants encountered in the industrial activities, emitted through air stream into the atmosphere. To prevent the human and environmental health from the adverse effects of VOCs, air streams containing VOCs need to be treated before discharging to environment. This study was aimed at investigating the catalytic ozonation process for removing xylene from a contaminated air stream.
Materials and Methods: In the present work, a bench scale experimental setup was constructed and used for catalytic ozonation of xylene. The performance of catalytic ozonation process was compared with that of single adsorption and ozonation in removal of several concentration of xylene under the similar experimental conditions.
Results: The results indicated that the efficiency of catalytic ozonation was higher than that of single adsorption and ozonation in removal of xylene. The emerging time and elimination capacity of xylene for inlet concentration of 300 ppm was 1.4 and 5.8 times of those in adsorption system. The activated carbon acted as catalyst in the presence of ozone and thus attaining the synergistic effect for xylene degradation.
Conclusion: catalytic ozonation process is an efficient technique the treatment of air streams containing high concentrations of xylene. The adsorption systems can also be simply retrofitted to catalytic ozonation process and thereby improving their performance for treating VOCs.
M. A Karami, M Farzadkia, A Jonidi Jaafari, R Nabizade, M. R Gohari, M Karimaee,
Volume 4, Issue 4 (2 2012)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: In recent years, poor industrial waste managements have created many crises in human societies. The aim of this study was to investigate industrial waste management located between Tehran and Karaj zone in 2009-2010.
Materials and Methods: This study is descriptive and sectional which was done by site visits, (Iranian environmental protection organization) use of questionnaires, database production and results analysis. The questionnaire consisted of 45 questions mainly about industrial waste quantity, quality and management. Total number of industries with over 50 personnel's, calculated as 283. Class-weighted sampling was used in which the sample size contained 50 industries.
Results: Total generated industrial waste was 123451, kg per day. Major hazardous waste generated in industrial sections included: chemical and plastic making. About 45.28% of waste generated disposed by private sectors. Landfill with 62% and reuse with 17% were the first and second alternative of common methods for final disposal of solid waste in this zone.
Conclusion: In order to reduce hazardous waste generation in this zone, reuse and recovery maximization of the waste must be noted in short-term. In long-term, some industries such as chemical-plastic and electronics which have high rate of hazardous waste production must be replaced with other industries with low rate production, such as wood-cellulose and paper industries.
Nima Rostampour, Tinoosh Almasi, Masoumeh Rostampour, Khatereh Arabian, Ahmadreza Karami,
Volume 5, Issue 2 (13 2012)
Abstract
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Background and Objectives: Biological effects of non-ionizing radiation on the body
of living organisms have been studied by researchers in recent years. High
Voltage medical equipments are one of the sources generating electromagnetic
fields. The electromagnetic field intensity of the medical equipment installed
at Hamadan
hospitals and the potential hazards were investigated. The main purpose of this
study was to determine the intensity of the electromagnetic field around high
voltage power supplies in radiology ward of the Hamadan hospitals.
Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study and we investigated the electromagnetic fields
intensity around high voltage power supplies at Hamadan hospital wards. All measurements were
performed using a calibrated Tesla-meter (HI-3603). The measurements were
conducted at a range of distances varying from 25 cm to 3 m around the
supporting high voltage power supply.
Results: We found that
the maximum intensity of the magnetic and electric fields at a distance of less
than 1 m around the high voltage power supply was 29.625±5.738 mGauss and
25.17±0.92 V/m respectively, which is less than the safe amounts recommended by
the ICNIRP for occupational exposure (5000 mG and 10000 V/m) and even for
public exposure (1000 mG and and 5000 V/m). The minimum intensity of EM fields
for a less than 3 m distance was found to be 0.1±0.005 mGauss, which relates to
a CT-scanner system installed at Farshchian hospital. Among the whole
equipments evaluated in the current survey, the most intense magnetic and
electric field was found to be for imaging technician office, which was
3.050±0.004 mGauss and 128.88±0.05 V/m respectively it is lower than the
tolerances recommended by the ICNIRP.
Conclusion: According
to our results, it seems that the EM field occupational exposure for radiation
workers working at Hamadan
hospitals does not exceed the tolerances recommended by the ICNIRP. Therefore,
we did not find any issue related to the over-irradiation of non-ionizing among
the radiologists studied. It is recommended that different brands of generators
to be used in order to conduct a detailed and comprehensive study to compare
the intensity of the electrical and magnetic fields.
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Shaho Karami, Gholamreza Nabibidhendi, Hamidreza Jafari, Hassan Hoveidi, Amir Hedayati,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (10-2014)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Human environment is surrounded bychemicals that could directly or indirectly endanger human health. Some statistics of WHO is indicative of the fact that four million people are employed in the chemical industry throughout the world and one million people die or become disabled annually due to contact with chemicals. Moreover, 1-4 Millions chemical toxicity occur annually. The purpose of this study was to understand the risks involved in chemicals in the workplace, to assess the task risk, and to propose appropriate control measures in order to eliminate or reduce risk in the petrochemical industry. Materials & Methods: In this study, the chemicals were identified in Arak Petrochemical and features that are indicative of hazardous materials were identified and using TOPSIS, The hazard rate were determined. Then the job duties of employees and employee exposure rate with chemicals were calculated and finally, a risk rate for exposure to chemicals in job duties was determined. Results: It was found that chemicals do not have too high risk to employees however, but the high risky chemicals were five chemicals including naphtha, ammonia, acetic acid, chlorine, and methanol for operational staff and two chemicals, i.e. ammonia and chlorine for operation and maintenance staffs . Conclusion: It is better to have an alternative for the materials that their risk rang is high and very high, and their production is suggested to be avoided.
L Karam, M Alimohammadi, L Yadegarian,
Volume 11, Issue 2 (9-2018)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Climate change in recent years has led to a crisis of drought in many countries around the world, including Iran. In such a situation, the supply of safe drinking water is very important and knowing the climate impacts on the chemical quality of these resources can play a significant role in their proper exploitation.
Materials and Methods: Using GIS geomorphology models, the effect of climatic factors including minimum and maximum temperatures, mean precipitation, evaporation, transpiration and vegetation index on the quality of groundwater resources of Varamin Plain include pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solid, anions and cations concentrations and total hardness were studied and their maps were produced. Correlation between these factors was investigated using spatial correlation analysis tool at a confidence level of 0.95 (p = 0.05).
Results: The results showed that these parameters (except pH) along the plain are highly variable and the spatial distribution of data in this region is not normal around the mean, and the frequency of pixels with values less than the spatial mean of the region is higher. Spatial distribution of the factors showed that their amounts (except pH) are low in the central area of the plain and reach its peak in the western and northwest regions. The spatial distribution of pH was almost uniform in all the plain.
Conclusion: Correlation analysis showed that the quality of water resources is influenced by climatic factors and the maximum temperature has the highest impact.
Sh Goodarzi, Gh Shams Khoramabadi, M Esmaty, Ma Karami, A Hossein Panahi,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (9-2019)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Wastewater from pharmaceutical industry has high chemical oxygen demand as a result of the presence of organic drugs and antibiotics. In order to meet the environmental requirements, several treatment methods like chemical and electrochemical methods have been widely applied due to their high ability to remove organic compounds from pharmaceutical wastewater. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of chemical coagulation/Electro-Fenton treatment method to degrade the organic matter-containing pharmaceutical industry wastewater.
Materials and Methods: The experimental tests were carried out using batch mode. The chemical coagulation process was evaluated as a function of aluminum chloride concentration (25-300 mg/L) and pH (3-10). The effluent from chemical coagulation process was transferred to Electro-Fenton reactor. Effects of H2O2 concentration (100-4000 mg/L), reaction time (up to 120 min), voltage (10-30 V), and pH (3-10) were evaluated. The removal efficiency was determined in term of COD removal.
Results: The results showed that the highest removal of COD in the chemical coagulation was 49% (coagulant dose of 200 mg/L, and pH of 7). In addition, the Electro-Fenton process could be eliminating of 93.5% of COD at the optimum conditions concentration (100 mg/L H2O2, voltage of 20, pH of 3, and contact time of 30 min).
Conclusion: According to the results, it can be concluded that the combination of chemical and electrochemical processes was found to be effective methods for treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater in comparison to the application of each process separately. To reach to the maximum removal efficiency, the environmental parameters should be carefully controlled at their optimum values in each single process.
Alireza Bakhtiyari, Behrouz Akbari-Adergani, Parisa Shavli-Gilani, Liela Karami, Najmeh Yazdanfar, Parisa Sadighara,
Volume 17, Issue 1 (6-2024)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Given the crucial role of milk and its products in human diets, it is imperative to implement effective measures to ensure the safety of milk by minimizing the presence of hazardous pollutants. This study aims to assess the concentration and potential risks associated with lead in raw milk produced in Tehran province.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study involved the collection of raw milk samples from 24 diverse livestock farms in Tehran province during the winter season of 1401. The samples were analyzed for lead contamination using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Statistical tests were applied to compare the results with international standards, and subsequent risk assessment was conducted based on the average amounts.
Results: The study revealed that none of the samples exceeded the permissible limit for lead. The mean and standard deviation of lead concentration in the samples was 7 ± 5.8 (ppb), well below the international standard. There was no significant variation in lead levels among the tested livestock farms. The Hazard Quotient (HQ) values for both children and adults were calculated to be less than 1.
Conclusion: The concentration of lead in all samples remained below the permissible limits set by Codex and the Iran Standards Organization, indicating no non-carcinogenic risks associated with milk consumption in terms of lead contamination, as suggested by the calculated HQ values.
