Showing 23 results for Khani
Gr Jahed Khaniki, M Mahdavi, A Ghasri, S Saeednia,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (26 2008)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Bottled water is a main beverage at many developed and developing countries. It can be polluted with chemical agents. One of these agents is nitrate which affects the safety of bottled and mineral water and cause healthy effects on consumer health. Today&aposs consumption of bottled water get a grate develop, thus infer of the quality of this matter is compulsive for each consumer.
Materials and Methods: A descriptive-analytical and cross- sectional study was done with the aim of determination of nitrate in bottled water available in market of Tehran City in 2007. In this study, 18 samples of six various manufacturers of product were examined.
Results: Results showed that the mean of nitrate is 9.02 mg/L and all samples have nitrate bellow 50 mg/L and they are at the standard level. Also, the results of the examinations have good correspondence with the concentration of nitrate on bottled water labels and according to statistic meaningful relation, was considered.
Conclusion: The nitrate content of these bottled water available in market of Tehran city is located at the level of national and global standards and it can not be a serious problem for health of consumer.
A. A Pourbabaee, F Karami, A Amirkhani, B Rajabpour,
Volume 3, Issue 2 (6 2010)
Abstract
Backgrounds and Objectives: True cholera with typical clinical features nearly always occurs by serologic groups O1 and O139 but the non-O1 group can produce a disease with same clinical characteristic sporadically. According to the important of climate and environmental conditions in the distribution and abundance of Vibrio cholera, in this study, the distribution of the serologic group was evaluated in different parts of Qom city with relation to the affected patients.
Materials and Methods: In this study 5220 environmental specimens were taken from 12 parts of Qom city and during different seasons of the year 1325, 60 clinical specimens were taken from the patients and all were evaluated for Vibrio cholera with standard methods. The study was of Descriptive and cross sectional and the results were analyzed with statistical soft ware (Epi-info).
Results: The most abundance of Nag strains were related to Emamzadeh Ebrahim and Sheikhabad parts and Shahed Street from Khak faraj and Niroogah area and the least abundance were related to Salariyeh area. The abundance distribution of Nag strain, 7 different specimens was most in hogwash, sewerage and vegetables and least in pipe water which reveal a significant difference (P< 0.05) according to statistical goodness of fit test. The frequency distribution of the patients in each part of area 4 with relevance to sex revealed that the most contamination percentage was attributed to Emamzadeh Ebrahim and Sheikhabad and Shahed from Niroogah area and no positive specimen was taken from Haftado-do-tan and Shahrdary areas.
Conclusion: According to high occurrence of the disease in same areas, and results from other researchers based on increased frequency of non-O1 strains in the environment during the epidemic, so can release a connection between Vibrio cholera O1 strains and non-O1 strains to conclude. On the other hand, none of the clinical and environmental samples, Vibrio cholera O1 was isolated, so probably human carriers in Qom, not the main factor is the emergence of this disease.
N Jaafarzade Haghighi Fard, A Zoveydavi, M Glishkhani, A Maasoomi,
Volume 4, Issue 3 (1 2011)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Industrial processes are the major sources of environmental pollutants. Oil & gas processing are one of the industries which emitting several air pollution matters in to the atmosphere. The obtained results of CO2 emission in one of the Gas Sweetening unit of Iranian south oil company based on the field and deskwork calculations is presented in this paper.
Materials and Methods: Fuel analysis method is the best method for CO2 estimation from combustion sources. In this paper, CO2 emission factor for gas sweetening plants is estimated based on this method.
Results: The obtained results showed that total CO2 emission in selected unit is about 922212/97 (kg/d) and CO2 emissions for the separate parts of this unit are 579661/75, 12921/93 and 329629/29 for acid gas flare, gas flare and boilers respectively.
Conclusion: comparison between the separated parts of the studied units showed that emission of acid gas flare is higher than other sources (i.e about 63% of total CO2 emission), and by using the EPA default CO2 emission factors the CO2 emitted 1/2 % lower than the actual emission in the mentioned unit.
M.h Dehghani, A Zarei, A.h Mahvi, Gh.r Jahed Khaniki, E.b Kia,
Volume 4, Issue 4 (2 2012)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Free living nematodes due to their active movement and resistance to chlorination don't remove in conventional water treatment processes thus can be entered to distribution systems and cause adverse health effects. UV irradiation can be used as a method of inactivating these organisms.
Materials and Methods: This study is done to investigate the effect of ultraviolet lamp on inactivation of free living nematode (Rhabitidae) in water. The effects of duration of irradiation, turbidity, temperature, UV dose and pH are investigated in this study. Ultraviolet lamp used in this study was a 11 watt lamp with intensity of 24 µw / cm2.
Results: Contact time required to achieve 100% efficiency for larvae nematodes and adults were 9 and 10 minutes, respectively. Increase of turbidity up to 25 NTU decreased inactivation efficiency of larvae and adult nematodes from 100% to 66% and 100% to 64%, respectively. Change in pH ranged from 6 to 9 did not affect the efficiency of inactivation. With increasing temperature inactivation rate increased.
Conclusion: The results showed that there was a significant correlation between the increase in contact time, temperature rise and turbidity reduction with inactivation efficiency of lamp)p<0.001(. Also the effect of the lamp on inactivation of larvae nematode was more than the adults.
Edris Hoseinzadeh, Mohammad Reza Samargandi, Mohammad Yosef Alikhani, Ghodratollah Roshanaei, Ghorban Asgari,
Volume 5, Issue 3 (21 2012)
Abstract
MicrosoftInternetExplorer4
Background and Objectives: Along with the rapid development of human life,
controlling harmful effects of
microorganisms would be unavoidable. The objective of this study was to
evaluate antibacterial efficacy of zinc oxide nanoparticles on different
microbial strains.
Material and Methods:
This experimental study was done using gram negative and gram positive bacteria
in nutrient media. Nanoparticle characterization was determined using X-ray
diffraction (XRD), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM).
Bacterial sensitivity to nanoparticles was tested using a disk diffusion test
and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Time-kill studies and other tests
were carried out using 108 CFU/mL of bacteria at baseline. A point of zero
charge, pHzpc, of nanoparticle was investigated using the batch equilibration
method. Obtained data were managed by SPSS Ver.16 and were analyzed through the
Pearson, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student's independent t-tests. 0.05
was selected as significant level for all tests.
Results:
Characterization results from XRD, SEM, and TEM showed that particles are in
nano range and they do not contain any discernible crystalline impurity. The
average ZnO nanoparticles diameter was 20 nm. The pHZPC for ZnO was found to be
7.51. The P. aeruginosa strain exhibited larger diameter inhibition zone (DIZ)
to ZnO nanoparticle compared with other strains. Population of P.aeroginosa for
2 x MIC concentration was reduced to zero in the presence of nano ZnO within
150 min. The bacterial CFU had significant difference with contact time,
nanoparticles loading, and bacterial strain (P<0.001).
Conclusion: This study
demonstrated that antibacterial activity of ZnO can be a candidates for the
elimination of gram negative and gram positive bacteria, particularly in
nasocomial infection agent control.
M Zare Jeddi, N Rastkari, R Ahmadkhaniha, M Alimohammadi, M Yunesian,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (8-2015)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Bottles for packaging drinking water represent one of the most popular uses of plastic and polymer additives. Recently, public concerns related to possibility of exposure to chemicals through the consumption of polyethylene terephthalate bottled water has caused great concern to consumers. Phthalate esters, as a class of these compounds, are often classified as endocrine disruptors and one of them is a possible carcinogen for human. The aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of phthalates in bottled water and to calculate the health risk of phthalates intake via consumption of bottled waters. Materials and Method: After purchasing, samples were immediately stored according to the recommended conditions (25 ºC, dark place) given on the bottle label. Migration of phthalates was investigated in PET-bottled water at different time intervals using gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy. Therefore, a phthalate exposure assessment was performed to characterize their risk to the consumer’s health via a calculated hazard quotient (HQ). Results: It seems that the duration of storage affects phthalate migration. Total increases of DEHP (811.8%), DBP (2545.2%), and BBP (832%) were observed at 12 months over the initial level before storage (bottled water immediately after production) but the level of phthalates in bottled water was always very low (<EPA:6 μg/L). Non-carcinogenic risk assessment from exposure to phthalate via consumption of bottled water was negligible in all of the subject groups (HQ<1). Furthermore, a little excess cancer risk of 9.9×10-7 for bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) was observed.Conclusion: The research showed that the concentration of phthalates in PET-bottled water was extremely low. Consequently, based on the risk assessment results, bottled waters regarding existence of safe for consumers and they phthalates are not considered as public health issue for consumers as phthalates does not have any risk exposure for the consumers.
F Rezaei, H Kakooei, R Ahmadkhaniha, K Azam, L Omidi, S.j. Shahtaheri,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (8-2015)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: PAHs are main components of urban air pollution and are mutagenic for human being. Seasonal variations have effects on the amount of exposure to PAHs. The objectives of this research were to determine the amount of newsagent’s exposure to PAHs found in the urban atmosphere of Tehran City during warm and cold periods and comparing exposure levels in two periods. Materials and Methods: The assessment of personal exposure was performed based on NIOSH method 5515 and was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Mann- Whitney test was used to determine the effects of seasonal variation on the amount of newsagent’s exposure to PAHs. Results: The mean levels of newsagent’s exposure to benzo[a]pyrene in the south area of Tehran City were 0.148±0.010 and 0.417±0.041 µg/m3 in summer and autumn seasons respectively. The amount was higher than the mean levels of newsagent’s exposure in other geographic areas of city. The levels of newsagent’s exposure to all PAHs (p<0.001) were significantly higher in autumn compared with summer. Conclusion: The levels of exposure to PAHs during autumn were 2 to 3 fold higher than the levels of exposure during summer. Newsagents in the south area of Tehran City were experiencing higher levels of exposures to PAHs.
M Zare Jeddi, M Yunesian, R Ahmadkhaniha, H Kashani, N Rastkari,
Volume 8, Issue 3 (12-2015)
Abstract
Background and Objective: One of the air pollutants is volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Benzene, as a part of petrol, is a VOC, known to be carcinogenic to human beings (Group 1) and it has widespread application in various industries and professions. Hence, the aim of the present study was semi-quantitative and quantitative health risk assessment of petrol bank workers exposure to benzene via inhalation in the Tehran, Iran.
Material and method: For these purpose, this descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in three stages. First stage consisted of measurement of benzene in two groups of participants: (1) petrol bank workers and (2) non-exposed people as control group. The second stage included the evaluation of worker's exposure to benzene and semi-quantitative risk assessment, and the third stage was estimating the lifetime cancer risk caused by exposure to benzene.
Results: Benzene mean concentration was near the threshold limit value (1600 µg/m3) and the mean benzene personal air level was 1527±246.4 µg/m3 in the petrol bank areas. With regard to semi-quantitative risk assessment method, benzene introduced as the most hazardous chemical with risk ratio of 4.5 has 5th rank in risk levels (Extremely dangerous). Lifetime cancer risk estimation showed that in petrol bank workers the excess lifetime cancer risk was 27.5 times higher than unexposed group and the chance of cancer was one in a 1000 petrol bank workers.
Conclusion: This study indicates that petrol bank workers in Tehran have a potentially high cancer risk through inhalation exposure. Thus, preventative actions regarding to this hazardous and carcinogenic chemical must be started as soon as possible.
Mh Dehghani, B Akbarpour, M Salari, A Poursheykhani, H Rasoulzadeh,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (9-2016)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Milk is a full meal that can provide an appropriate growing environment for different bacteria. Hence, it can be hazardous to human health in unpasteurized conditions. The present study was conducted in order to assess the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus in raw and pasteurized milks of Sari City in the summer of 2014.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the summer of 2014 in the city of Sari. Totally, 160 samples- each 200 mL of raw milk were collected from collection and distribution centers (80 samples) of raw milk, and pasteurized milk from food stores (80 samples). Under aseptic conditions, confirmatory tests were carried out in Chapman and Blood agar media. Antibiogram test was performed for positive samples. Results were analyzed using SPSS (Ver. 19) software through the t-test descriptive statistical analysis.
Results: The results showed that 38.75% of 80 samples of raw milk collected were contaminated by Staphylococcus aureus, while no contamination was observed in pasteurized milk samples. The average number of colony formation of raw milk was estimated to be within 3×104 to 7×104 Cfu/mL. Maximum sensitivity was found against vancomycin, gentamicin, and Co-trimoxazole antibiotics and the maximum resistance was observed against ampicillin, methicillin and cephalotin antibiotics with of 87.5, 25, and 12.5%, respectively.
Conclusion: The raw milk showed the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus. Therefore, compliance with and control of sanitation at different steps of preparation, supplying and consumption of milk can prevent the human infection with this type of contamination.
Ar Khajeamiri, M Zare Jeddi, R Ahmadkhaniha, N Rastkari,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (12-2016)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Organochlorine pesticides are among the endocrine disrupting chemicals believed to produce a wide variety of adverse health outcomes such as cancers. Generally, fatty foods of animal origin are the major sources of human exposure to lipophilic contaminants such as DDTs and their metabolites. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate exposure of general population to DDTs via dietary milk consumption in Iran, and to assess the respective potential risks to health of people in terms of carcinogenic and none-carcinogenic effects.
Materials and Methods: The DDT residue levels were determined by GC/MS analysis in 60 milk samples of full fat pasteurized commercial types (3% fat). The assessment of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks was calculated through international standard methods.
Results: In all of the milk samples, DDT and its metabolites were detected in the range of 0.0015 to 0.28 µg/L with the mean of 0.05±0.03, 0.15±0.08, 0.09±0.05, 0.05±0.02 µg/L for o, p-DDE, p,p-DDE, p,p-DDT, p,p-DDD, respectively. The calculated estimated daily intake (0.00006-0.0002 mg/kg/day) for all categories and all compounds were lower than the Reference doses (RfDs). Consequently, the hazard quotients calculated in these groups for DDTs were less than 1. Hazard index obtained for all compounds in full fat pasteurized milk based on maximum DDT residue concentrations was higher than unity confirming health risk. From the carcinogenic point of view, there is no risk and it was within the acceptable threshold of EPA.
Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the general population are exposing to DDT and its metabolites constantly. Therefore, it is recommended to biomonitoring and measuring these chemicals in all age groups especially in children.
K Naddafi, M Yunesian, S Faridi, A Rafiee, S Parmy, Gh Safari, R Nabizadeh Nodehi , K Yaghmaeian, N Rastkari, R Ahmadkhaniha, S Niazi, M Hoseini,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (6-2017)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of organic pollutants that are mostly generated during the incomplete combustion. The main objective of this study was to characterize potential sources of PAHs in Tehran.
Materials and Methods:, Samples of PM10 were collected at 10 monitoring stations belonging to Tehran Air Quality Control Company (AQCC) and transferred to laboratory for analysis. Besides, a SKC Flite 2 Air Sampling Pump (SKC, USA) equipped with a sampling head and PM10 size-selective inlet was used at four stations to compare the results obtained by collecting AQCC monitors (AQCCMs) tapes with the standard sampling procedures for assessing the interchangeability of two field sampling methods. The principal component analysis (PCA) and diagnostic ratios were applied to identify emission sources and source contribution.
Results: The average diagnostic ratios of phenanthrene (Phe)/ (Phe+anthracene (Ant)), benzo(a)anthracene (BaA)/ (BaA+chrysene (Chry)), fluorantene(Flu)/ (Flu+pyrene (Py)), and indeno(1,2,3cd) pyrene (IcP)/(IcP+benzo(ghi)perylene (BghiP)) in samples were 0.79, 0.52, 0.43 and 0.38, respectively. These ratios showed that the combustion, especially fossil fuels and motor vehicles, was the main sources of PAHs emission in Tehran. The results of PCA analysis also indicated that 49, 29 and 22% of PAHs sources in Tehran atmosphere were attributed to gasoline-driven vehicles, diesel vehicles and other sources, respectively.
Conclusion: According to the results, the combustion, especially fossil fuel and motor vehicle, was the main sources of PAHs emission in Tehran.
F Ahmadi, N Rastkari, P Sadighara, Gh Jahed Khaniki,
Volume 10, Issue 3 (12-2017)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Aluminum (Al) is a neurotoxic agent and this element is being associated with Alzheimer disease. The use of semi-rigid packaging has been increased in recent years. In these packages, the main layer is aluminum. The purpose of this study was to determine the Al concentration in foods packaged in semi-rigid packaging in during storage time.
Materials and Methods: Al concentration of the samples (Joje kabab, khorake morgh, khoresh gheymeh, n=36) was determined at different storage times (0, 60, 120, and 180 days after packaging). Aluminum was determined by ICP-OES after wet digestion method of the samples. A two-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the results with respect to time and food factors.
Results: The effect of storage time on Al concentration was significant p˂0.001. The samples that were stored longer had significantly higher aluminum concentrations. The highest concentration was determined in Joje kabab (3.27 ±0.93 ppm( and lowest Al content was determined in khoresh gheymeh (1.04 ± 0.16 ppm). The results showed that Al concentration of the foods packaged in semi-rigid packaging increased significantly during storage.
Conclusion: Considering the present state of knowledge and the suggested provisional tolerable daily intake of 1 mg/kg body weight per day of according to World Health Organization, Al leaching from semi-rigid packages may add low doses of Al into the diet.
Gr Jahed Khaniki, P Safaei, R Barik Gugjlu, A Mohajer,
Volume 10, Issue 4 (3-2018)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Hydrogen peroxide is one of the compounds that is primarily produced by the oxidation of oil and fat and causes various diseases, including atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease .The aim of this study was to survey the peroxide value of edible oils used in sandwich and falafel shops in Tehran in 2016.
Materials and Methods: In this study, sampling from a number of fast food centers was done randomly. After the transfer of samples to the chemistry laboratory of environmental health engineering department, the peroxide number was determined based on the national standard procedure 4179. The data was analyzed by SPSS software for descriptive statistical parameters and t-test.
Results: According to the National Iranian Standards, from total of 50 samples of the sandwiches taken, 20 samples (40 %) were consumable and 30 samples (60 %) were inedible. Also, from 40 samples of falafel taken, 14 samples (35 %) were consumable and 26 samples (65 %) were inedible. The maximum peroxide values of sandwiches and falafel were 29.79 and 31.22 meq/kg, respectively.
Conclusion: The findings show that Peroxide value in the sandwich and falafel shops were higher than the standard, and thus it seems that having an educational plan for staff regarding the correct methods of frying food is necessary.
Mh Dehghani, Gr Jahed Khaniki, R Fallah, N Khodamoradi Vatan, L Tabande,
Volume 10, Issue 4 (3-2018)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Heavy metals are toxic and can enter the food and thus the health of people who consume these kinds of foods may be affected. The aim of this study was to investigate the concentration of heavy metals in fruits and to estimate the exposure level of heavy metals by fruit consumption.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 60 samples (35 samples of apple fruit and 25 apricot fruit samples) were randomly collected from gardens around Zanjan and Mahneshan city in 2016. The concentration of Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu were determined by atomic absorption spectrometer. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS software.
Results: The average concentration of the elements in the samples was as follows: Pb (0.121 mg/kg wet weight), Cd (0.052 mg/kg wet weight), Zn (10.63 mg/kg dry weight), and Cu (4.99 mg/kg dry weight). The average lead concentration in apple and apricot was, respectively, 0.17 and 0.057 mg/kg wet weight, cadmium 0.08 and 0.003 mg/kg wet weight, zinc 9.15 and 12.7 mg/kg dry weight, Copper 4.4 and 5.583 mg/kg dry weight. Furthermore, it was found that 28.3% of the samples were contaminated with Pb, 13.3% with Cd and 3.3% with Zn. Cu contamination was not detected above permitted concentration. The concentrations of heavy metals in Zanjan were more than Mahneshan and the concentrations of Pb and Cd in the apple samples were higher than the apricot samples but the concentration of Zn and Cu in the apricot samples were higher than the apple samples.
Conclusion: Heavy metals pollution was found in samples belonging to the gardens around the factories and mines of lead and zinc. However, there is no risk of non-cancerous diseases with the use of these fruits in accordance with the national standard declared per capita.
Mr Jelokhani-Niaraki, F Hajiloo, L Hasanzade,
Volume 11, Issue 3 (12-2018)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Noise pollution causes many physiological, psychological, economic and social effects on human life. This issue is more important in the environment of industrial workplaces. This research aimed to adopt the functions of GIS for evaluating and spatial analysis of noises in industrial environments.
Materials and Methods: At the initial step, the spatial data for industrial halls were collected and stored as map layers into GIS database. Then, the noise pollution data sampled. The data, including the locations and values of sound pressure levels, were used for the relevant spatial analyses.
Results: The analyses included: the estimation of sound pressure levels in different areas of halls and at the given distance from machines, determination of noisy areas, development of sound noise risk map, interpolation of sound pressure level data, prioritization of the sound sources (i.e., machines) for a given point, prediction of sound pressure levels by moving machines, and optimal site selection and distribution of machines. The mean of noise pressure level was 95 dB for knitting hall, 93 dB for spinning hall 1 and 88 dB for spinning hall 2.
Conclusion: GIS plays a key role in the assessment of noise pollution in industrial workplaces. It is an appropriate tool to store, analyze, manage, and present all types of sound pressure spatial data. Specifically, the use of such system provides spatial intelligence and could help monitor, detect, control, and solve real word sound noise pollution issues.
Mr Khani, Ah Mahvi, Ma Zazouli, Z Yousefi, Y Dadban Shahamat,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (5-2019)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Olive Mill Wastewater (OMWW) is one of the most polluted sanitary wastewaters that its ineffective treatment will cause severe pollution of the environment. In this study, OMWW treatment wasinvestigated using combined electrocoagulation and novel advanced oxidation process.
Materials and Methods: Biodegradability, efficiency and kinetics of removal of turbidity and organic matter from the OMWW by applying the operational parameters of electrocoagulation such as current density (0-0.77 A/dm2), type of anode electrode, reaction time (0-45 min) were investigated. Various types of advanced oxidation processes were performed to determine the the efficiency of removal of TOC and kinetics and biobegradability.
Results: The optimum condition for removing turbidity, BOD, TOC and consumed Iron anode electrod in electrocoagulation were 78%, 57%, 72% and 583 mg/ per liter of wastewater, respectively. Thus, the kinetic of TOC removal was first-order and was 0.027 min-1. The TOC removal efficiency of pretreated OMWW in oxidation processes of US, H2O2, SOP, O3 / H2O2, COP, COP/US and H2O2/COP/US were measured as 8%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 61%, 68% and 75%, respectively. The highest biodegradability index (BOD/TOC) in the COP/US/H2O2 process was increased 1.5 times.
Conclusion: The advenced oxidation process of COP/US/H2O2 follwed by electrocagulation demonstrated an effective treatment of OMWW and improved its biodegradability. Therefore, this process can be used for efficient treatment of OMWW in olive and similar industries.
Hamid Karyab, Reza Ghanbari, Mehdi Ranjbaran, Amir Masood Taherkhani,
Volume 13, Issue 3 (11-2020)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Given the nature of many development projects, it is necessary to evaluate their effects on human health. Due to the lack of a specific model, the purpose of this study was to provide a tool to prioritize the effects of construction and operation (C&O) of a combined cycle power plants (CCPPs) on physical health.
Materials and Methods: By reviewing the documents and interviewing 15 experts, the variables affecting physical health in the C&O of the CCPPs were identified. Then, the content validity of the variables was assessed and the enumerated questionnaire was provided to the experts to determine the range, duration, probability, magnitude and extent of health effects using a multiple-choice Likert scale. Finally, with an innovative method, high priority variables were determined to evaluate the physical health effects on individuals.
Results: According to expert’s comments, 480 variables affecting physical health in the C&O of the CCPPs were selected and 41 variables were rejected based on the content validity index. The obtained results showed that diseases attributed to particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), SO2 and nitrogen oxide, under normal and emergency conditions, highly contributed to the physical health problems during the construction of CCPPs.
Conclusion: The method presented in this study is applicable to (1) identifies the factors affecting physical health, (2) determines the range of each physical health- associated factor and (3) prioritizes influencing criteria that might affect human health status during the construction and operation of a combined cycle power plant.
Mahdi Hadi, Maryam Hashemkhani, Elnaz Iravani,
Volume 15, Issue 2 (8-2022)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Researchers investigate and identify the gaps and frequency of studies related to specific knowledge by using scientometrics. The purpose of this study was to analyze the trend of scientific research in the field of climate change in Iran.
Materials and Methods: All articles affiliated with Iran in the field of climate change have been cited in Scopus databases from 1991 to December 9, 2019, and were retrieved by using keywords like "climate change", "global warming", "global change", "climate variability", "greenhouse gas". The data were analyzed using R software.
Results: The total number of documents was 2253. The trend of document production in the field of climate change in Iran follows an increasing exponential trend. Iran's collaboration with other countries in the field of climate change studies was significant so around 25% of scientific productions have been produced jointly with other countries. Keywords analysis showed a greater frequency for keywords including “downscaling”, “energy”, “global warming” and “uncertainty”. However, despite the importance of issues such as “adaptation” and “vulnerability” concerning climate change in Iran, the frequency of these keywords in climate change studies in Iran is low.
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study and considering the importance of climate change and its effects on the country, also the importance of greenhouse gases including CO2, and the rank of Iran as the eighth country in the emission of these gases, it is recommended to pay more attention to issues such as “vulnerability”, “adaptability”, analysis of “greenhouse gases production”, “management of energy consumption” and the use of “renewable energies” in future studies.
Bohlul Parsafar, Mohammad Ahmadi, Gholamreza Jahed Khaniki, , Abbass Rahimi Foroushani,
Volume 16, Issue 4 (3-2024)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Compliance with the principles of food safety and hygiene is very important in the entire chain of production, storage, transportation and supply of food to ensure the safety and suitability of food to ensure the health of consumers. Therefore, a study was conducted to determine the status of indicators and prerequisite programs for health and food safety in the fruit and vegetable fields of Tehran in 2022.
Materials and Methods: A descriptive-analytical study on 67 fruit and vegetable centers in Tehran city regarding the status of indicators and prerequisite programs for food safety and hygiene, such as the condition of buildings and facilities, employee training, employee health, food quality control, control of environmental pests, waste disposal and work environment hygiene were done. First, a questionnaire was prepared and its validity was confirmed by the opinion of five experts, as well as its reliability tool with Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.87, then the questionnaire was completed and the necessary data was recorded. The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS software.
Results: The results showed that the favorable condition of buildings and facilities, employee education, employee health, food quality control, environmental pest control, waste disposal and workplace hygiene were 67.16%, 26.85%, 50.20%,67.91%, 43.65%, 58.39% and 63.11%, respectively. So the indicators of building and facilities, food quality control, food consumption and work environment with an average of more than a percentage are acceptable. However, the indicators of care education and combating environmental chastity have been evaluated as unfavorable
Conclusion: Knowing the status of indicators and prerequisite programs for food safety and hygiene in the fruit and vegetable fields of Tehran city can help to improve food safety and health. Also, the desirability of indicators of buildings and facilities, food quality control, waste disposal and workplace hygiene affect the supply and distribution of healthy food. It is also recommended to pay more attention to raising the level of education in the care and methods of environmental pest control in fruit and vegetable fields.
Mohammad Hssanabadi, Mohammad Sadegh Hassanvand, Mohammad Khanizadeh, Sasan Faridi, Adel Mokammel, Bita Malekian Esfahani, Ali Ahmadi Orkomi, Fatemeh Momeniha,
Volume 17, Issue 3 (12-2024)
Abstract
Background and Objective: The initial step in managing methane emissions is quantification. This study aims to comprehensively investigate the methods for estimating and measuring methane gas emissions in municipal solid waste landfills.
Materials and Methods: This systematic review includes studies published in English and Farsi between January 2005 and May 2023. English-language articles were included from PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, while Persian-language articles were included from SID, Majiran and Google Scholar.
Results: After evaluating the studies, 90 studies providing information on methods for measuring and estimating methane gas emissions in urban landfills were selected. The results showed that emission estimates based on widely used models like LandGEM and IPCC, despite being lower in cost and providing faster results, are often associated with relatively high uncertainty. Therefore, quantitative and qualitative methods of direct measurement are preferred for accurately determining methane emissions from landfills. The most commonly used methods for measuring greenhouse gases, especially methane from landfills, include direct reading equipment and closed flux determination chambers.
Conclusion: Estimating greenhouse gas emissions from primary sources allows responsible authorities to understand the current status of methane emissions and to formulate reduction strategies. The findings of estimated methane emissions from landfills can differ significantly from the actual measurements in some situations. Therefore, while these estimation methods are useful, fast and cost-effective tools, their inherent uncertainties should be considered when using them.
