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A systematic review of the methods used for sampling and analysis of microplastics in air and settled dust of indoor and outdoor environments in Iran
Zahra Khodarahmi, Sakine Shekoohiyan, Mohsen Heidari,
Volume 16, Issue 4 (3-2024)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Given the concern about the presence of microplastics in the air and settled dust, and the lack of a standard approach for their detection, it is necessary to investigate the methods and techniques used to study this type of pollution in Iran. Therefore, this study aimed to systematically review the methods and techniques used for sampling, quantification, and characterization of microplastics in the air and settled dust in indoor and outdoor environments in Iran.
Materials and Methods: In this systematic review, the keywords Microplastic*, Air*, Atmosphere*, Dust, Indoor, Outdoor, Iran, and their corresponding Persian equivalents were searched until Dec 1, 2023, in Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Magiran, and SID databases. Obtained articles from the databases were analyzed in order to find the eligible ones.
Results: Overall, 175 articles were found in the initial search, and after removing the duplicates and nonrelevant, 13 eligible articles were included in the study. In most of the studies, the samples were digested with H2O2, and the microplastics were mainly analyzed using a variety of microscopes and µRaman spectroscopy. The abundance of microplastics in the indoor environment was much higher than in the outdoor environment.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that there is the required equipment for the sampling and analysis of microplastics in air and settled dust in Iran, and these pollutants have been detected in both indoor and outdoor environments.
 

Number deposition rate of dust particles in residential buildings in Tehran
Zahra Khodarahmi, Mohsen Heidari, Gholamreza Moussavi, Sakine Shekoohiyan,
Volume 18, Issue 3 (12-2025)
Abstract
Background and Objective:  To date, the number of dust particles that may be deposited daily in residential buildings has not yet been considered, while this type of pollution may have adverse effects on human health and can also be used to describe indoor air quality. The aims of this study were to evaluate the number deposition rate of dust particles in residential buildings in Tehran and to analyze its variability under various conditions.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 42 fallout samples were collected from residential buildings in Tehran during two periods in the spring (warm) and autumn (cold) seasons. For sampling, Petri dishes were placed inside residential buildings (living room, bedroom, or kitchen) for 45 days. The particles deposited on the surfaces of Petri dishes were counted directly and without any interference using a stereomicroscope. The obtained data were analyzed using Excel, Origin, and SPSS software.
Results: Average deposition rate over total sampling period was 9.23×106 PN/m²/day. The average deposition rate in the warm season (1.10×107 PN/m²/day) was significantly higher than the cold season (7.46×106 PN/m²/day) (p <0.001).
Conclusion: This study showed that a substantial number of dust particles are deposited daily in residential buildings. The high number deposition rate, along with its variability under various conditions, indicates the necessity for increased attention to this metric of dust pollution in indoor environments.
 

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