Showing 7 results for Khorasani
M Moeinaddini, M.h Tahari Mehrjardi, N Khorasani, A Danekar, A.a Darvishsefat, F Shakeri,
Volume 4, Issue 4 (2 2012)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Solid waste municipal landfill can have injurious effect on society health, economic and environment. Therefore, spread evaluation in locating landfill is necessary to identifying the best places. The purpose of this paper is locating landfill for solid waste municipal for center of Alborz province.
Materials and Method: In this paper, suitable areas are identified for land filling solid waste municipal by weighted linear combination and cluster analysis in 20 years period. Thus, suitable areas were weighted by FAHP method. Those weights were used for ranking areas by DEA technique.
Result: Results showed among five landfill alternatives for solid waste municipal for center of Alborz province, alternative 1 is the best for land filling. This place is just 7 percent of total suitable places.
Conclusion: The approach are used in this article (combination method of fuzzy analytic hierarchy process & Data envelopment analysis) can be suitable for locating in other areas because when an option add or delete option ranking is not different with previous
Ali-Reza Chackoshian Khorasani, Mansur Mashreghi, Soheila Yaghmaei,
Volume 6, Issue 3 (12-2013)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Modelling and specifying mathematical equations to predict and estimate a bioprocess is one of the important applications of bioengineering. Objective of this study was to identify proper and exact equations to describe various changes in biodegradation of heavy fuel oil through investigating kinetic models and third parametric equation of Ch. Materials and Methods: To submit an exact and perfect enough statement, two different experimental conditions were used in which isolated indigenous bacteria from environment were employed. Experiments were carried out during ten days and microbial growth, mazut concentration, pH, and electric potential curves were drawn. Fitting data onto kinetic models and Ch equation resulted accuracy and their constants. Results: We found that kinetic models were not capable to present an accurate and appropriate statement under different conditions. On the other hand, Ch equation by extending very accurate equations could satisfyingly illustrate mazut, pH, and electric potential changes based on time and microbial growth. Conclusion: Ch equation by reason of using two variables for computation of third variable and correctly selecting variables could describe various changes in mazut biodegradation under different conditions via mathematical statements. Moreover, it is possible that this equation can be used to study other various phenomena in future.
Alireza Chackoshian Khorasani, Mansour Mashreghi, Soheila Yaghmaei,
Volume 6, Issue 4 (3-2014)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Optimization of mazut biocracking with different variables is one of the bioengineering applications in petroleum industry. The purpose of this study was to optimize biocracking of mazut by native microorganisms. Materials and Methods: To optimize mazut cracking, using Taguchi method we run 32 experiments using seven factors including amount of microbial inoculation, initial pH, surfactant, glucose, phosphor source, nitrogen source and sea salt each of them with four levels and factor of microorganism type with two levels for design of experiment using that 32 experiments were designed by them. Results: Results showed that microbial mixture, 0.016 OD600 microbial inoculations, pH 8.3, Tween80 concentration of 2 g/L, glucose concentration of 4 g/L, phosphate concentration of 5 g/L, ammonium concentration of 9 g/L and sea salt concentration of 0.5 g/L were optimized conditions for biocracking of mazut process. Conclusion: Optimized level for each factor was not essentially inevitably the highest or the lowest level. Based on the analysis of variance, phosphor source with 15.8% and pH with 14.8% had the highest effect among other factors however overally, error factor with 31.6% had the highest influence. Amount of microbial inoculation with 0.63% had the lowest effect on optimizing biocracking of mazut.
M Zamani, N Khorasani, A.r Riahi Bakhtiari, K Rezaei,
Volume 7, Issue 4 (1-2015)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: This study was performed to determine and identify the origin, concentration and source of perylene entry and some PAH compounds in surface sediments of Ghalam Goodeh (A), Siyah Kashim (B), and Talab Markazi (C) in Anzali wetland. Materials and methods: We collected 22 samples of sediments (from each region) and 2 samples of soils (from A region) in April of 2012. Sampling was performed from soil for proving the condition of concentration and origin of perylene in under investigating sediments. GC-MS was applied for extraction of PAH compounds using organic solvents and 2-phase column chromatography. Diagnostic ratios of Ph/An, Flu/Pyr, Flu/Flu+Pyr, BaA/BaA+Chr and IP/IP+BghiP were used to determine the origin of PAH compounds. Results: In all sediment samples, the origin of perylene and PAH compounds were found to be natural and petrogenic, respectively. The total concentration of PAH compounds were ranged between 560.05 to 1051.93 ng/g dry weight and perylene concentration were obtained between 70.65 to 204.41 ng/g dry weight. Total concentration of PAHs and perylene was significantly more in area A compared with other two area, whereas no relationship was found between normalized values of PAHs and TOC in sediments of all areas. Conclusion: With respect to the petrogenic source of PAHs in the surface sediments, the main sources of the PAH compounds entry are the discharge of domestic and industrials wastewater, the port and shipping activities, the exploration, excavation and refining activities of crude oil in offshore region and transportation of fishing and tourism boat but diagnosis of natural origin of perylene in the samples of surface sediment and soil implicated that this compound can be produced in terrestrial section due to activity of termites and fungi on the woody and cellulosic materials of forest floor, decaying wood and their fossilized remains and then their discharge to the wetland.
N Sistani, M Moeinaddini, N Khorasani, Ah Hamidian, Ms Ali-Taleshi, R Azimi Yancheshmeh,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (6-2017)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Urban and industrial development has increased concentration of heavy metals in the environment. The goal of this study was to assess the impact of Kerman steel complex on their surrounding soil by heavy metals.
Materials and Methods: This study was a snapshot and its type was descriptive-analytical research. Heavy metals contents from 60 soil samples (top soil, 0-15 cm) near two Steel Complexes were analyzed using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Source identification and pollution degree indices including enrichment factor (EF) and its percentage (EF%), geo-accumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (Cf), degree of contamination (Cd) and modified degree of contamination (mCd) were calculated to assess the soil pollution level.
Results: The average concentration of Ni, Zn, Fe, Pb, Cr and Cd were 9.98, 54.38, 15063.33, 20.86, 3.54 and 0.038 mg/kg, respectively. The order of average EF for heavy metals was Pb > Zn> Cd> Fe> Ni> Cr. Cf index also showed that 90% of the samples were moderately to significantly polluted with lead element. The results of EF% indicated that Fe (68.18%) had higher enrichment than others. The average values of Cd and mCd indices were 2.90 and 0.48, respectively, that showed low degree of pollution.
Conclusion: In this study, Pb and Cd concentration were related with activities of the steel complexes and other metals had a combination of natural and anthropogenic emission sources. The steel complexes should plan to reduce pollutants emission to their environment.
R Rafiee, M Moeinaddini, N Khorasani,
Volume 11, Issue 1 (6-2018)
Abstract
Background and Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the sensitivity and uncertainty analysis of a mass balance model to estimate the rate of aerobic processes in a landfill.
Materials and Methods: Monte Carlo simulation is a common method to evaluate uncertainty of the results of a model. Here, we used a Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. The data obtained from the experiments were used as a baseline. Considering a uniform Probability Distribution Function (PDF) within ±15% deviation, samples were taken from the baseline data. Using randomly selected inputs, model was executed for 1000 iterations and outputs were evaluated. Then, the total Sobol index for each input parameter was determined. The uncertainty of each output was presented by standard error and means observed in MC simulation.
Results: The results of this study revealed that while the uncertainty for the rate of composting process was mainly originated from the measured value of CO2 flux, the evaluated value for the rate of anaerobic digestion process was highly influenced by the value measured for CH4 emission flux. All inputs contributed equally to the uncertainty in the evaluated values for the rate of methane oxidation process. Although a variability of 15% was assumed for the model inputs, the mean value for the outputs from Monto Carlo simulations were close to those obtained by using base values that were in most cases within ±10% limit.
Conclusion: The majority of the uncertainty in the outputs came from the variability in the measurement of the flux of CH4 and CO2. The error in these parameters, however, can be minimized by increasing frequency and replicates of gas samples as these parameters are measured directly for each location.
Sayyed Hossein Khazaei, Mazaher Moeinaddini, Reza Rafiee, Nematollah Khorasani, Melanie L. Sattler,
Volume 15, Issue 3 (12-2022)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Various models have been developed to predict methane generation and emissions from landfills. Due to their simplicity, the minimum number of required data, and the accuracy of the outputs, First-order decay are the most common models to predict methane generation in landfill,. Three important parameters in modeling landfill gas generation using a first-order model are the total weight of waste buried in the landfill, the methane generation potential, and the methane generation rate constant. The purpose of this research was to accurately estimate the parameters of the first-order model and to optimize it for estimating methane generation in the landfill and also to develop the ILGAM software.
Materials and Methods: ILGAM model consists of two submodels: 1) the gas generation sub-model and 2) the methane oxidation sub-model. The methane oxidation sub-model is based on the MOT model. The gas generation sub-model is based on a first-order equation with an emphasis on the contribution of the aerobic process in the estimation of the ultimate methane potential of waste. The parameters of the equation were modeled using the latest available results in the literature. To evaluate the model, the actual methane emission and methane oxidation were measured in the Karaj landfill. The results of the model, along with a few common models, were compared with actual data obtained from the Karaj landfill.
Results: The ILGAM model predicted the gas emission from the Karaj landfill with an error of 5.8%. In contrast, LandGem, IPCC and CLEEN models predicted the methane gas emission from the Karaj landfill with an error of 74.4%, 40.2%, and 27.1%, respectively.
Conclusion: When compared to other models, the ILGAM model estimated the closest values to actual measurements for methane emission and methane oxidation in the Karaj landfill. Owing to its user-friend Graphical User Interface (GUI), the model can be easily executed in a wide range of landfills by entering a few easy-to-measure data in the field.
