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Optimization of the combined integrated fixed film activated sludge and photocatalytic process via iron oxide-titanium dioxide nanocomposite in treating pharmaceutical wastewater
Narjes Khodaygani, Roya Mafigholami,
Volume 14, Issue 4 (3-2022)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Pharmaceutical wastewater has a high level of pollution load that should be treated before discharging to the environment. Integrated processes using different mechanisms are one of the most fruitful methods in wastewater treatment. In this study, combined Integrated Fixed Film Activated Sludge (IFAS) and photocatalytic processes are utilized using of Fe3O4/TiO2 nanocatalysts to decrease the COD value of pharmaceutical wastewater.
Materials and Methods: In this study, the variables of each process are optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). In the IFAS process, the variables were dissolved oxygen (DO), media filling percentage and hydraulic retention time (HRT); while in the photocatalytic process, the effects of pH of wastewater, catalyst dose and reaction time were investigated.
Results: In optimal conditions (DO 3 mg/L, HRT 24 h and media filling percentage 65%), COD removal rate was obtained 59.15%. With the initial concentration of 1725 mg/L COD and the mentioned efficiency, the concentration of COD in the effluent diminished to 704 mg/L. However, in the photocatalytic process, during optimal conditions (pH 6.8, reaction time 105 min and catalyst dose 60 mg/L), The efficiency of the process was determined 81%, which by considering the input COD (704 mg/L), the output concentration was reduced to 134 mg/L.
Conclusion: According to the standards provided by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the effluent from the combined process can be discharged into the environment.
 

Evaluation of the performance of Tehran drinking water treatment plants in removing nanoplastics and microplastics
Fatemeh Tabatabaei, Roya Mafigholami, Hamid Moghimi, Sanaz Khoramipour,
Volume 15, Issue 1 (4-2022)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Microplastics can have harmful effects on living things, including humans. These particles have been identified in all water, soil, and food sources. Among these, freshwater resources are more important, because they are considered a water source for humans through drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs). Therefore, this study investigates the performance of Tehran DWTPs in removing these particles.
Materials and Methods: In this study, the performance of three DWTPs in Tehran in removing these particles was investigated. In most studies worldwide, particles larger than 1 µm were examined, but in this study, nanoplastic particles smaller than 1 µm, as well as the effect of the warm and cold seasons of the year on the concentration of these particles were also examined.
Results: According to the results of the study, the amount of micro and nanoplastic particles at the inlet of treatment plants in the warm season of the year was 2569 ± 309 to 3918 ± 425 MP/L, and the output was 1492 ± 32 to 2279 ± 146 MP/L, which indicates an increase in these particles in the warm season. As a result, the studied treatment plants were only able to remove 32.1 to 59.9% of these particles. In addition, using electron microscopy, MPs were classified into three categories in terms of appearance: fiber, fragment, and film. This study completes the knowledge of MPs in this area.
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, Tehran DWTPs have poor performance in removing these particles.
 

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