Iranian Journal of

Background and Objective: Street dust is considered as one of the important sources of particulate matters and heavy metals in the atmosphere. The goal of this study was to assess the heavy metals pollution in street dust of Tehran and evaluate their ecological risk.
Materials and Methods: The sampling of street dust was carried out in two areas at the east and west of Tehran. After preparation of samples, the concentration of heavy metals was measured by ICP-MS. The pollution level of heavy metals in the street dust was assessed using geo-accumulation index (Igeo), pollution index (PI), integrated pollution index (IPI), enrichment factor (EF) and ecological risk index (RI).
Results: The results of the calculations of the indices showed that the street dust in both studied areas was non-polluted with Li, Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Sr and Ba. The origin of these elements was mainly natural sources. However, Cd, Cu, As, Zn, Sn and Pb had medium to high level of contamination. These elements had a very high to extremely high enrichment in both areas. Their origin was mainly anthropogenic sources. The ecological risk index indicated a moderate ecological risk for the east and a low ecological risk for the west area.
Conclusion: The higher level of lead in the East is the main reason of higher ecological risk of this area. Therefore, the heavy metals pollution of the street dust, especially lead and its enterance into the environment, should be considered in this area.
 

Background and Objective: One of the basic strategies to reduce the prevalence of diseases among people in society, especially children and adolescents, during the epidemic of COVID-19 disease, is to observe hygiene and personal protection behaviors. The present study was conducted to determine the level of compliance with health protocols in primary schools of Ilam city during the outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 in 1400-1401.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive-cross-sectional study was conducted in primary schools of Ilam city with a statistical sample of 49 schools (25 girls' schools and 24 boys' schools). In this study, the 2019 new coronavirus disease care and control checklist was used in schools, which has 15 questions with a total score of 100. Data with Kolmogorov-Smirnov and T-Test statistical tests using SPSS software. V21 was analyzed.
Results: The results of this study showed that the highest and lowest scores are respectively related to the parameters of school health assessment before reopening (100 percent) and screening of people in terms of vaccination by PCR test (zero percent). The average score of compliance with the checklist was 74.3 in girls' schools and 74.38 in boys' schools. Also, the results of the T-Test showed that there is no significant relationship between the mean scores of girls' and boys' schools (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the score obtained for compliance with the checklist parameters of all schools in Ilam city is less than 85 points, and the main reason for this is the non-compliance of the screening parameter of people in terms of vaccination/PCR test in schools.

Background and Objective: Since the hospital is one of the important centers for treating and caring for patients, the presence of air pollutants in concentrations exceeding the standard in such places can threaten the health of patients and hospital personnel. This study aimed to investigate the concentration of particulate pollutants in the psychiatric care center of Mostafa Khomeini Hospital in Ilam in 2019.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, the concentration of particulate matter in the hospital's psychiatric care center was measured. Sampling was carried out using a portable device. In each of the four studied sections (male ward, female ward, male staff, and female staff), one hour of sampling was conducted over three consecutive months (April, May, and June), resulting in a total of twelve samples. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 16).
Results: The results showed that during the sampling period, the highest average concentrations of PM₁₀, PM_2.5 and PM₁ were 50.09, 21.88, and 32.9 μg/m³, respectively, and related to the female inpatient wards, male personnel, and female inpatient wards, respectively. The highest PM₁₀ concentration was observed in the female inpatient ward, PM₂.₅ in the male staff ward, and PM₁ in the female inpatient ward.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the average concentrations of particulate pollutants in all sections was lower than the EPA standards. According to WHO guidelines, the PM₁₀ concentration of male and female inpatients in May, and also female staff and male and female inpatients in June, and the PM_2.5 concentration in the female inpatient wards in June were higher than the recommended limit